Please click on the ID to see detailed information about each entry.
| ID | Name | Sequence | Assay | Nature of peptide or cargo | Tissue permeability (value with units) | Tissue Sample | PUBMED ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1001 | TD1 | ACSSSPSKHCG | Franz diffusion cells | TD1 enhances the transdermal delivery of macromolecules | Significant increase in permeability of the peptide can be seen by the addition of ATP.The amount of protein that permeated the skin was determined with ELISA | Male SD rats skin cells | 25269793 |
| 1002 | AAPV | AAPV | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | It fits the P-P1 subsites of elastase and inhibits HNE competitively | Epidermal flux=0.46 μg/cm2/h, Permeability coefficient=1.50×10−4Kp(cm/h) | Human epidermal membranes were obtained by heat separation of whole skin | 24842663 |
| 1003 | C6(D)-Laa-AAPV | AAPV | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | It fits the P-P1 subsites of elastase and inhibits HNE competitively | Epidermal flux=2.29 μg/cm2/h, Permeability coefficient=7.6×10−4 Kp(cm/h) | Human epidermal membranes were obtained by heat separation of whole skin | 24842663 |
| 1004 | C6(L)-Laa- AAPV | AAPV | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | It fits the P-P1 subsites of elastase and inhibits HNE competitively | Epidermal flux=0.50 μg/cm2/h, Permeability coefficient=1.6×10−4 Kp(cm/h) | Human epidermal membranes were obtained by heat separation of whole skin | 24842663 |
| 1005 | C8(D,L)-Laa-AAPV | AAPV | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | It fits the P-P1 subsites of elastase and inhibits HNE competitively | Epidermal flux=10.08 μg/cm2/h, Permeability coefficient= 3.3×10−3 Kp(cm/h) | Human epidermal membranes were obtained by heat separation of whole skin | 24842663 |
| 1006 | C8(D)-Laa-AAPV | AAPV | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | It fits the P-P1 subsites of elastase and inhibits HNE competitively | Epidermal flux=7.42 μg/cm2/h, Permeability coefficient=1.90×10−2 Kp(cm/h) | Human epidermal membranes were obtained by heat separation of whole skin | 24842663 |
| 1007 | C8(L)-Laa-AAPV | AAPV | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | It fits the P-P1 subsites of elastase and inhibits HNE competitively | Epidermal flux=1.37 μg/cm2/h, Permeability coefficient=4.50×10−4 Kp(cm/h) | Human epidermal membranes were obtained by heat separation of whole skin | 24842663 |
| 1008 | C10(D,L)-Laa-AAPV | AAPV | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | It fits the P-P1 subsites of elastase and inhibits HNE competitively | Epidermal flux=8.92 μg/cm2/h, Permeability coefficient=2.9×10−3 Kp(cm/h) | Human epidermal membranes were obtained by heat separation of whole skin | 24842663 |
| 1009 | 11R-No. 10 | RRRRRRRRRRRLILV LLAI | Confocal microscope | Melanogenesis inhibitory peptide | When TMR-11R was topically applied for 24 h, the signals were only observed on the surface of the skin. In contrast, 12 h later, strong signals were detected showing that TMR-11R had arrived at the skin basal layer. Moreover, 24 and 48 hours later, the signals had spread out more and were stronger in both epidermis and dermis | Skin from the back of a brown guinea pig | 24602570 |
| 1010 | R4 (arginine-terminated peptide dendrimers) | GKRR | Franz diffusion cell | Peptide dendrimers are wedge-like molecules comprising an amino acid branching core that is most typically decorated with various basic amino acids (e.g. Lys, His, Arg) on their head groups | Flux (mg/cm2/h) 25.16 ± 2.31 , Q48 (mg) 1167.05 ± 50.10 Drug content in skin (mg/cm2) 146 ± 6.44 | Human epidermal skin | 24134794 |
| 1011 | R4 (arginine-terminated peptide dendrimers) | GKRR | Franz diffusion cell | Peptide dendrimers are wedge-like molecules comprising an amino acid branching core that is most typically decorated with various basic amino acids (e.g. Lys, His, Arg) on their head groups | Flux (mg/cm2/h) 43.74 ± 4.15 , Q48(mg) 2064.72 ± 100.05 Drug content in skin (mg/cm2) 180 ± 8.23 | Human epidermal skin | 24134794 |
| 1012 | R4 (arginine-terminated peptide dendrimers) | GKRR | Franz diffusion cell | Peptide dendrimers are wedge-like molecules comprising an amino acid branching core that is most typically decorated with various basic amino acids (e.g. Lys, His, Arg) on their head groups | Flux (mg/cm2/h) 57.66 ± 4.83 , Q48(mg) 2706.53 ± 123.60, Drug content in skin (mg/cm2) 204 ± 8.41 | Human epidermal skin | 24134794 |
| 1013 | R8 (arginine-terminated peptide dendrimers) | GKKKRRRR | Franz diffusion cell | Peptide dendrimers are wedge-like molecules comprising an amino acid branching core that is most typically decorated with various basic amino acids (e.g. Lys, His, Arg) on their head groups | Flux (mg/cm2/h) ± 4.83 , Q48(mg) 2706.53 ± 123.60, Drug content in skin (mg/cm2) 204 ± 8.41 | Human epidermal skin | 24134794 |
| 1014 | R8 (arginine-terminated peptide dendrimers) | GKKKRRRR | Franz diffusion cell | Peptide dendrimers are wedge-like molecules comprising an amino acid branching core that is most typically decorated with various basic amino acids (e.g. Lys, His, Arg) on their head groups | Flux (mg/cm2/h) 57.66 ± 4.83 , Q48(mg) 2706.53 ± 123.60, Drug content in skin (mg/cm2) 204 ± 8.41 | Human epidermal skin | 24134794 |
| 1015 | R8 (arginine-terminated peptide dendrimers) | GKKKRRRR | Franz diffusion cell | Peptide dendrimers are wedge-like molecules comprising an amino acid branching core that is most typically decorated with various basic amino acids (e.g. Lys, His, Arg) on their head groups | Flux (mg/cm2/h) 78.07 ± 7.52, Q48 (mg) 3666.44 ± 162.70 Drug content in skin (mg/cm2) 378± 15.11 | Human epidermal skin | 24134794 |
| 1016 | R16 (arginine-terminated peptide dendrimers) | GKKKKKKKRRRRRRRR | Franz diffusion cell | Peptide dendrimers are wedge-like molecules comprising an amino acid branching core that is most typically decorated with various basic amino acids (e.g. Lys, His, Arg) on their head groups | Flux (mg/cm2/h) 21.43 ± 1.32 , Q48 (mg) 856.29 ± 39.50 Drug content in skin (mg/cm2) 151 ± 4.64 | Human epidermal skin | 24134794 |
| 1017 | R16 (arginine-terminated peptide dendrimers) | GKKKKKKKRRRRRRRR | Franz diffusion cell | Peptide dendrimers are wedge-like molecules comprising an amino acid branching core that is most typically decorated with various basic amino acids (e.g. Lys, His, Arg) on their head groups | Flux (mg/cm2/h) 23.46 ± 2.04 , Q48 (mg) 1106.03 ± 53.80 Drug content in skin (mg/cm2) 155 ± 4.85 | Human epidermal skin | 24134794 |
| 1018 | R16 (arginine-terminated peptide dendrimers) | GKKKKKKKRRRRRRRR | Franz diffusion cell | Peptide dendrimers are wedge-like molecules comprising an amino acid branching core that is most typically decorated with various basic amino acids (e.g. Lys, His, Arg) on their head groups | Flux (mg/cm2/h) 27.16 ± 2.65, Q48 (mg) 1256.61 ± 55.70, Drug content in skin (mg/cm2) 156 ± 6.26 | Human epidermal skin | 24134794 |
| 1019 | Pep-1 | KETWWETWWTEWSQP KKKRKV | In vivo imaging | Cell penetrating peptide | Significant permeability of the peptide can be seen in in vivo images | Mouse skin cells | 23601371 |
| 1020 | TDN | ACSSSPSKHCG | Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy | TD-1 has been testified to enhanced insulin transdermal delivery through hair follicles | Significant permeability of the peptide can be seen in confocal images | Male SD rats skin cells | 23391375 |
| 1021 | TD-34 | ACSSKKSKHCG | Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy | TD-1 has been testified to enhanced insulin transdermal delivery through hair follicles | Significant permeability of the peptide can be seen in confocal images | Male SD rats skin cells | 23391375 |
| 1022 | TD1 | ACSSSPSKHCG | Franz diffusion cells, immunity fluorescence techniques | TD1 enhances the transdermal delivery of macromolecules | Significant permeability of the peptide can be seen. The amount of protein that permeated the skin was determined with immunity fluorescence techniques | Male SD rats skin cells | 23385091 |
| 1023 | Tat | GRKKRRQRRRPPQRKC | Vertical Franz diffusion cell | Cell penetrating peptide | TP could not pass through the skin due to the charge repulsion effect between the negative charge of the TP and the negative charge of the skin | Abdominal skin of Sprague–Dawley rats | 23311648 |
| 1024 | Tat | GRKKRRQRRRPPQRKC | Vertical Franz diffusion cell | Cell penetrating peptide | Cumulative amounts0.10± 0.01 µg/cm2 and fluxes 0.60 ± 0.06 µg/cm2·h | Acceptor compartment of Franz diffusion cell/Abdominal skin of Sprague–Dawley rats | 23311648 |
| 1025 | Tat | GRKKRRQRRRPPQRKC | Vertical Franz diffusion cell | Cell penetrating peptide | Cumulative amounts 0.31 ± 0.04 µg/cm2 and fluxes 1.86 ± 0.24 µg/cm2·h | Abdominal skin of Sprague–Dawley rats | 23311648 |
| 1026 | Tat | GRKKRRQRRRPPQRKC | Vertical Franz diffusion cell | Cell penetrating peptide | Cumulative amounts 1.02 ± 0.05 µg/cm2 and fluxes 6.13± 0.28 µg/cm2·h | Acceptor compartment of Franz diffusion cell/Abdominal skin of Sprague–Dawley rats | 23311648 |
| 1027 | Tat | GRKKRRQRRRPPQRKC | Vertical Franz diffusion cell | Cell penetrating peptide | Cumulative amounts 4.29 ± 0.40 µg/cm2 and fluxes 25.73 ± 2.40 µg/cm2·h | Abdominal skin of Sprague–Dawley rats | 23311648 |
| 1028 | L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~0.5% of applied dose | Stratum corneum of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1029 | L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | >0.5% of applied dose | Stratum corneum of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1030 | L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | >1% of applied dose | Stratum corneum of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1031 | L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | <0.5% of applied dose | Stratum corneum of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1032 | L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | <0.5% of applied dose | Stratum corneum of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1033 | L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | >1.5% of applied dose | Epidermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1034 | L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~2% of applied dose | Epidermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1035 | L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | <4% of applied dose | Epidermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1036 | L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~0.5% of applied dose | Epidermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1037 | L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | <1% of applied dose | Epidermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1038 | L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | >8% of applied dose | Dermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1039 | L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | <4% of applied dose | Dermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1040 | L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | <18% of applied dose | Dermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1041 | L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~3% of applied dose | Dermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1042 | L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | >8% of applied dose | Dermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1043 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | >5% of applied dose | Stratum corneum of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1044 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~6% of applied dose | Stratum corneum of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1045 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~1.5% of applied dose | Stratum corneum of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1046 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~5% of applied dose | Stratum corneum of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1047 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~3% of applied dose | Stratum corneum of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1048 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~2% of applied dose | Stratum corneum of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1049 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~7% of applied dose | Stratum corneum of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1050 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~3% of applied dose | Stratum corneum of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1051 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | 2% of applied dose | Stratum corneum of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1052 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~11% of applied dose | Epidermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1053 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~9% of applied dose | Epidermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1054 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~3% of applied dose | Epidermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1055 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~10% of applied dose | Epidermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1056 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~7% of applied dose | Epidermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1057 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~5% of applied dose | Epidermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1058 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~12% of applied dose | Epidermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1059 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | >4% of applied dose | Epidermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1060 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~4% of applied dose | Epidermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1061 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | >36% of applied dose | Dermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1062 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | >26% of applied dose | Dermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1063 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~26% of applied dose | Dermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1064 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | 25% of applied dose | Dermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1065 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | 20% of applied dose | Dermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1066 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~20% of applied dose | Dermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1067 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~26% of applied dose | Dermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1068 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | 13% of applied dose | Dermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1069 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | 14% of applied dose | Dermis of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1070 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | 9.5% of applied dose | Acceptor compartment of Franz diffusion cell | 22890441 |
| 1071 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~7% of applied dose | Acceptor compartment of Franz diffusion cell | 22890441 |
| 1072 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | >19% of applied dose | Acceptor compartment of Franz diffusion cell | 22890441 |
| 1073 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | 21% of applied dose | Acceptor compartment of Franz diffusion cell | 22890441 |
| 1074 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | >8% of applied dose | Acceptor compartment of Franz diffusion cell | 22890441 |
| 1075 | N-acetyl- L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~15% of applied dose | Acceptor compartment of Franz diffusion cell | 22890441 |
| 1076 | Polyarginine | RRRRRRRR | Franz cell system | Cell penetrating peptide | The SC, epidermal and dermal retention of SP for SP-NLC-R11 was 10.92, 7.02 and 0.82 mg/g of skin, respectively and the SC, epidermal and dermal retention of KP for KP-NLC-R11 was 0.75, 0.44 and 0.17 mg/g of skin, respectively | Skin from the dorsal surface of hairless rat | 22617521 |
| 1077 | Tat | GRKKRRQRRRPPQRKC | Vertical Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Cell penetrating peptide | Cumulative amounts 0.20 ± 0.05 mg/cm2 and fluxes 0.20 ± 0.05 mg/cm2·h | Viable epidermis and dermis (VED) abdominal skin of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats | 22564052 |
| 1078 | Tat | GRKKRRQRRRPPQRKC | Vertical Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Cell penetrating peptide | Cumulative amounts 0.43 ± 0.04 mg/cm2 and fluxes 0.14 ± 0.01 mg/cm2·h | Viable epidermis and dermis (VED) abdominal skin of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats | 22564052 |
| 1079 | Tat | GRKKRRQRRRPPQRKC | Vertical Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Cell penetrating peptide | Cumulative amounts 0.59 ± 0.12 mg/cm2 and fluxes 0.10 ± 0.02 mg/cm2·h | Viable epidermis and dermis (VED) abdominal skin of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats | 22564052 |
| 1080 | sCT | CSNLSTCVLGKLSQELH KLQTYPRTNTGSGTP | Vertical Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Cell penetrating peptide | Cumulative amounts 0.67 ± 0.10 mg/cm2 and fluxes 0.67 ± 0.10 mg/cm2·h | Viable epidermis and dermis (VED) abdominal skin of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats | 22564052 |
| 1081 | sCT | CSNLSTCVLGKLSQELH KLQTYPRTNTGSGTP | Vertical Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Cell penetrating peptide | Cumulative amounts 0.33 ± 0.09 mg/cm2 and fluxes 0.11 ± 0.03 mg/cm2·h | Viable epidermis and dermis (VED) abdominal skin of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats | 22564052 |
| 1082 | sCT | CSNLSTCVLGKLSQELH KLQTYPRTNTGSGTP | Vertical Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Cell penetrating peptide | Cumulative amounts 0.26 ± 0.02 mg/cm2 and fluxes 0.04 ± 0.00 mg/cm2·h | Viable epidermis and dermis (VED) abdominal skin of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats | 22564052 |
| 1083 | Penetratin (PEN) | RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK | Franz diffusion cell system, HPLC with photodiode array detector | Penetrate through cell and nucleus membranes | 2-fold higher | Porcine ear skin | 22306174 |
| 1084 | Penetratin (PEN) | RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK | Franz diffusion cell system, HPLC with photodiode array detector | Penetrate through cell and nucleus membranes | 2.8 wt% of the initial amount | Porcine ear skin | 22306174 |
| 1085 | Penetratin (PEN) | RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK | The scotch tape method | Penetrate through cell and nucleus membranes | 0.35 wt% of Na-DFC | SC skin | 22306174 |
| 1086 | Penetratin (PEN) | RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK | The scotch tape method | Penetrate through cell and nucleus membranes | 0.72 wt% of Na-DFC | SC skin | 22306174 |
| 1087 | Penetratin (PEN) | RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK | The scotch tape method | Penetrate through cell and nucleus membranes | 0.3 wt% of Na-DFC | E + D skin | 22306174 |
| 1088 | Penetratin (PEN) | RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK | The scotch tape method | Penetrate through cell and nucleus membranes | 0.57 wt% of Na-DFC | E + D skin | 22306174 |
| 1089 | Silk fibroin peptide (3,000 Da) | (GSGAGA)n | Histochemical analysis | Anti-inflammatory | Significant permeability of the silk peptide can be seen in histochemical images | Ear of mice | 22189681 |
| 1090 | Silk fibroin peptide (3,000 Da) | (GSGAGA)n | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Anti-inflammatory | Significant decrease in translation of COX-2, IL-6 and IL-1β in presence of silk peptide +Tat-SOD can be seen in western blot images | HaCaT keratinocytes | 22189681 |
| 1091 | Tat | RKKRRQRRR | Histochemical analysis | Tat-SOD is anti-inflammatory | Significant permeability of the Tat-SOD peptide can be seen in histochemical images | Ear of mice | 22189681 |
| 1092 | Tat | RKKRRQRRR | Franz diffusion cells, HPLC | For promoting the skin penetration of molecules | Permeation parameters observed were 15.74 ± 1.31% | Dorsal skin of mice | 22072881 |
| 1093 | Tat | RKKRRQRRR | Franz diffusion cells, HPLC | For promoting the skin penetration of molecules | Permeation parameters observed were5.74 ± 1.32% | Dorsal skin of mice | 22072881 |
| 1094 | Tat | RKKRRQRRR | In vivo therapeutic efficacy assay | For promoting the skin penetration of molecules | Show significantly improvement in wound and dry skin | Postaxial back skin of the mice | 22072881 |
| 1095 | Tat | RKKRRQRRR | In vivo therapeutic efficacy assay | For promoting the skin penetration of molecules | Show significantly improvement in wound and dry skin but lesser than EL/T | Postaxial back skin of the mice | 22072881 |
| 1096 | TD-1 | ACSSSPSKHCG | Fluorescence microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy | Transdermal Delivery enhancer | Penetrates to the stratum corneum of rat footpad 15 min after topical application. | Footpad skin of rats | 22009459 |
| 1097 | TD-1 | ACSSSPSKHCG | Fluorescence microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy | Transdermal Delivery enhancer | Co-administered FAM-labeled siRNA gathered in the hair follicle 30 min after application | Back skin of rats | 22009459 |
| 1098 | TD-1 | ACSSSPSKHCG | Fluorescence microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy | Transdermal Delivery enhancer | FAM-labeled siRNA and TD-1 topically co-administered penetrated from the stratum corneum to subcutaneous tissue 15 min after application | Footpad skin of rats | 22009459 |
| 1099 | TD-1 | ACSSSPSKHCG | Fluorescence microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy | Transdermal Delivery enhancer | TD1 detected strongly from epithelial tissue to subcutaneous tissue 60 min after application | Footpad skin of rats | 22009459 |
| 1100 | TD-1 | ACSSSPSKHCG | Fluorescence microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy | Transdermal Delivery enhancer | Both FITC-labeled TD-1 and co-administered FAM-labeled siRNA were detected strongly from epithelial tissue to subcutaneous tissue 60 min after application | Footpad skin of rats | 22009459 |
| 1101 | TD-1 | ACSSSPSKHCG | RT-PCR | Transdermal Delivery enhancer | The level of GADPH decreased 37 % | Rat footpad skin | 22009459 |
| 1102 | TD-1 | ACSSSPSKHCG | RT-PCR | Transdermal Delivery enhancer | The level of GADPH decreased 49 % | Rat footpad skin | 22009459 |
| 1103 | TDA1 | CGLHPAFQC | Franz cell system | Anti-obesity treatment, Adipose tissue-targeting property and transdermal capacity | Appearing frequency in the analyzed peptide pool (%) 28/280 (10) | Abdominal skin surface of male wistar rats | 21999821 |
| 1104 | HG1 | KWLNALLHHGLNCAK GVLA | Confocal microscopy, HPLC | Antimicrobial | Significant permeability of the peptide can be seen in confocal images | ICR mice skin | 21220538 |
| 1105 | TD1-R8 | ACSSSPSKHCGGRRR RRRRR | Laser scanning confocal microscopy | MITF-siRNA inhibition of melanin synthesis and melanoma cell apoptosis. | Significant penetration of carboxyfluorescein-labeled MITF-siR can be seen in confocal images of whole epidermis and partial dermis | Hair shaved back of BALB/c mice | 21119619 |
| 1106 | TD1-R8 | ACSSSPSKHCGGRRR RRRRR | Real-time PCR | MITF-siRNA inhibition of melanin synthesis and melanoma cell apoptosis. | The cream penetrated the mouse skin and mouse skin exhibited a 52% and 34% decrease in MITF and TYR mRNA levels, respectively (versus naive control). | Hair shaved back of BALB/c mice | 21119619 |
| 1107 | TD-1 | ACSSSPSKHCG | Electrical stimulation of the saphenous nerve at 4 Hz for 1 min in skin pretreated with vehicle | TD1 enhances the transdermal delivery of macromolecules | The maximum amount of PE (Plasma Extravasation) in the control side was 68 ± 3 PIUs compared to 46 ± 2 PIUs in BoNT-A + TD-1 pretreated skin | Dorsal surface of the rat hindpaw skin | 20223589 |
| 1108 | RALA | RALARALARALRALAR | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Based on a family of amphipatic peptides that exhibit improved membrane permeability belongs to a synthetic family of CPEs. | 60% of applied dose | Stratum corneum of ear of porcine | 20189781 |
| 1109 | T20 | YTSLIHSLIEESQNQQ EKNEQELLELDKWAS LWNWF | Real-time PCR | Fusion inhibitor | Induced a 50% inhibition of HIV-1JRCSF genomic integration in leukocytes residing within the vaginal epithelium (IC50) was 0.153 microM (0.687 ng/ml; 95% confidence interval, 0.563 to 0.84 ng/ml; n=7 independent experiments with 4 donor tissues. | Vaginal epithelial sheet | 19949052 |
| 1110 | N-acetylated T20 | YTSLIHSLIEESQNQQ EKNEQELLELDKWAS LWNWF | Real-time PCR | Fusion inhibitor | IC50 of 51.2 microM (230 ng/ml; 95% confidence interval, 198 to 267 ng/ml; n 8 independent experiments with 4 donor tissues) | Vaginal epithelial sheet | 19949052 |
| 1111 | Tat | GRKKRRQRRRPPQ | Franz cell system | Cell penetrating peptide | Kp (permeability coefficients) 6.30 in the cubic system | Porcine skin | 19733297 |
| 1112 | Tat | GRKKRRQRRRPPQ | Franz cell system | Cell penetrating peptide | Kp (permeability coefficients) 1.70 in the cubic system | Porcine skin | 19733297 |
| 1113 | POD-GFP [POD (peptide for ocular delivery)] | GGGARKKAAKAARKK AAKAARKKAAKAARK KAAKA | Fluorescence microscopy | Cell penetrating peptide | GFP-fluorescence was 23.4 ±8.8, p < 0.05 | Epidermis of skin of C57BL6/J mice | 19733192 |
| 1114 | Ranalexin | FLGGLIKIVPAMICA VTKKC | Franz diffusion cell | Antimicrobial | In combination these compounds reduced viable bacteria by 2.83 ± 0.26 log10 CFU | Abdominal skin from a 38-year-old white female donor | 19709343 |
| 1115 | Ranalexin | FLGGLIKIVPAMICA VTKKC | Franz diffusion cell | Antimicrobial | Ranalexin (100 mg l-1) reduced viable MRSA252 by 0.13 ± 0.06 log10 CFU | Abdominal skin from a 38-year-old white female donor | 19709343 |
| 1116 | Lysostaphin | AETTNTQQAHTQMSTQ SQDVSYGTYYTIDSNG DYHHTPDGNWNQAMFD NKEYSYTFVDAQGHTH YFYNCYPKNANANGSG QTYVNPATAGDNNDYT ASQSQQHINQYGYQSN VGPDASYYSHSNNNQAY NSHDGNGKVNYPNGTS NQNGGSASKATASGHA KDASWLTSRKQLQPYG QYHGGGAHYGVDYAMP ENSPVYSLTDGTVVQA GWSNYGGGNQVTIKEA NSNNYQWYMHNNRL | Franz diffusion cell | Endopeptidase,Antimicrobial | Lysostaphin (1 mg l-1) caused a 1.95 ± 0.23 log10 CFU reduction in bacteria | Abdominal skin from a 38-year-old white female donor | 19709343 |
| 1117 | Triptorelin | pGlu-HWSYwLRPG | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) superagonist | 64.9±8.8% degraded | Interior skin surface of dermatomed skin (DS) of porcine | 19486932 |
| 1118 | Triptorelin | pGlu-HWSYwLRPG | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) superagonist | 15±4.1% degraded | Interior skin surface of heat separated epidermis (HSE) of porcine | 19486932 |
| 1119 | Triptorelin | pGlu-HWSYwLRPG | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) superagonist | 100% degraded | Interior skin surface of full thickness skin (FTS) of porcine | 19486932 |
| 1120 | Triptorelin | pGlu-HWSYwLRPG | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) superagonist | 87.8±4.4% degraded | Interior skin surface of dermatomed skin (DS) of porcine | 19486932 |
| 1121 | Triptorelin | pGlu-HWSYwLRPG | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) superagonist | 51.3±6% degraded | Interior skin surface of heat separated epidermis (HSE) of porcine | 19486932 |
| 1122 | Pexiganan | GIGKFLKKAKKFG KAFVKILKK | Wound healing, infection progression, and the number of amputations required were calculated statistically | Antimicrobial, Diabetic Foot Ulcers | Clinical improvement rates were (85%–90%), Overall microbiological eradication rates (42%–47%) | Diabetic Foot Ulcers | 18990064 |
| 1123 | Trypsin | MNFVMISIELSETMAL IIVISGLLLCASSITT TSSNDFYAVLHGNLSQ SDRNELPKICGREFLT DTLQSRSAGGVLVREN EYPWVLLLTDPEWTRV CTAVLISRRHVLTAAH CVTNFPKDRKLEKDCH YTTIQSTYLYVYPRTR VNDALNIKRYTSSFSV ARVMVHPSFSCSNATG DIALLELTLNIFTEAS PICMPHFNESIPKNAA AAGFGKNPISNNTRPM QVVNLTYQGTTGDRI | Franz diffusion cell | Endogenous proteases trypsin is capable of digesting intercellular desmosomal proteins and hence used for in vitro epidermal separation and keratinocyte isolation | Permeability coefficient at 0.25% trypsin pretreatment is 5.29 X 107cm/s,permeation flux increased 5.2-fold.A higher concentration of trypsin shortened the lag time of insulin permeation | Epidermal skin of male wistar rat | 18670091 |
| 1124 | Trypsin | MNFVMISIELSETMAL IIVISGLLLCASSITT TSSNDFYAVLHGNLSQ SDRNELPKICGREFLT DTLQSRSAGGVLVREN EYPWVLLLTDPEWTRV CTAVLISRRHVLTAAH CVTNFPKDRKLEKDCH YTTIQSTYLYVYPRTR VNDALNIKRYTSSFSV ARVMVHPSFSCSNATG DIALLELTLNIFTEAS PICMPHFNESIPKNAA AAGFGKNPISNNTRPM QVVNLTYQGTTGDRI | Franz diffusion cell | Endogenous proteases trypsin is capable of digesting intercellular desmosomal proteins and hence used for in vitro epidermal separation and keratinocyte isolation | Permeation flux of insulin was 7.56 m g/cm2/h with 2.5% trypsin pretreatment, mean cumulative permeated amounts were 89.70 and 165.58 m g/cm2 at 12 and 24 h, respectively | Epidermal skin of male wistar rat | 18670091 |
| 1125 | Trypsin | MNFVMISIELSETMAL IIVISGLLLCASSITT TSSNDFYAVLHGNLSQ SDRNELPKICGREFLT DTLQSRSAGGVLVREN EYPWVLLLTDPEWTRV CTAVLISRRHVLTAAH CVTNFPKDRKLEKDCH YTTIQSTYLYVYPRTR VNDALNIKRYTSSFSV ARVMVHPSFSCSNATG DIALLELTLNIFTEAS PICMPHFNESIPKNAA AAGFGKNPISNNTRPM QVVNLTYQGTTGDRI | Light microscope | Endogenous proteases trypsin is capable of digesting intercellular desmosomal proteins and hence used for in vitro epidermal separation and keratinocyte isolation | Significant permeability of insulin and loosening of stratum corneum after trypsin application on the epidermal skin of rat can be seen in the microscopic images | Epidermal skin of male wistar rat | 18670091 |
| 1126 | Trypsin | MNFVMISIELSETMAL IIVISGLLLCASSITT TSSNDFYAVLHGNLSQ SDRNELPKICGREFLT DTLQSRSAGGVLVREN EYPWVLLLTDPEWTRV CTAVLISRRHVLTAAH CVTNFPKDRKLEKDCH YTTIQSTYLYVYPRTR VNDALNIKRYTSSFSV ARVMVHPSFSCSNATG DIALLELTLNIFTEAS PICMPHFNESIPKNAA AAGFGKNPISNNTRPM QVVNLTYQGTTGDRI | Plasma glucose level (PGL) determination | Endogenous proteases trypsin is capable of digesting intercellular desmosomal proteins and hence used for in vitro epidermal separation and keratinocyte isolation | Marked decrease in the PGL was observed in the group with trypsin pretreatment. The PGL was reduced to less than 60% of the initial value after 8 h in all groups with trypsin pretreatment | Blood collected from the tail vein of diabetic rat | 18670091 |
| 1127 | Magainin | GIGKFLHSAKKFGKA FVGEIMNS | Franz diffusion cell | Antimicrobial | The results suggest that positively charged magainin facilitated transdermal transport of negatively charged fluorescein due to electrostatic attraction at pH 7.4 and results in 35 fold increase in the permeation of maganine by the NLS control formulation (i.e., from an average of 0.037μg to 1.302 μg of fluorescein), but as the attraction decreased with increasing pH, the skin permeability enhancement decreased as well | Human cadaver skin | 18601987 |
| 1128 | Magainin | GIGKFLHSAKKFGKA FVGEIMNS | Franz diffusion cell | Antimicrobial | The results suggest that positively charged magainin facilitated transdermal transport of positively charged granisetron due to electrostatic attraction at pH 10 and results in 92–fold increase in the permeation of magnine (i.e., from and average of 2.23 μg to 205.55 μg of granisetron), but as the attraction decreased with decreasing pH, the skin permeability enhancement decreased as well | Human cadaver skin | 18601987 |
| 1129 | Magainin | GIGKFLHSAKKFGKA FVGEIMNS | Multi-photon excitation microscopy | Antimicrobial | The increase in permeation of fluorescein Faciliated by magnine can be seen the the microscopic images | Human cadaver skin | 18601987 |
| 1130 | Magainin | GIGKFLHSAKKFGKA FVGEIMNS | Multi-photon excitation microscopy | Antimicrobial | The increase in permeation of granisetron faciliated by magnine can be seen the the microscopic images | Human cadaver skin | 18601987 |
| 1131 | LIGR | LIGR | Vybrant Phagocytosis Assay | Activation of the human PAR-2 receptor, increase melanin depositionin vitro and in vivo | Significant increase in the LIGR-induced keratinocyte phagocytosis observed using Vybrant Phagocytosis Assay | HaCaT keratinocytes | 18426410 |
| 1132 | LIGR | LIGR | Fontana-Mason (F&M) stain | Activation of the human PAR-2 receptor, increase melanin depositionin vitro and in vivo | The increase in pigment deposition induced by peptide can be seen in the Fontana-Mason (F&M) stained microscopic images of mice skin sections | Dorsum skin of SKH-1 hairless female mice | 18426410 |
| 1133 | LIGR | LIGR | Fontana-Mason (F&M) stain | Activation of the human PAR-2 receptor, increase melanin depositionin vitro and in vivo | The increase in pigment deposition induced by peptide can be seen in the Fontana-Mason (F&M) stained microscopic images of swine skin sections | Dorsum skin of pigmented yucatan microswine | 18426410 |
| 1134 | LIGR | LIGR | Fontana-Mason (F&M) stain | Activation of the human PAR-2 receptor, increase melanin depositionin vitro and in vivo | The increase in pigment deposition induced by peptide can be seen in the Fontana-Mason (F&M) stained microscopic images of Human skin section skin sections | Human skin samples grafted onto SCID mice | 18426410 |
| 1135 | SLIGR | SLIGR | Vybrant Phagocytosis Assay | Activation of the human PAR-2 receptor, increase melanin depositionin vitro and in vivo | Significant increase in the LIGR-induced keratinocyte phagocytosis observed using Vybrant Phagocytosis Assay | HaCaT keratinocytes | 18426410 |
| 1136 | SLIGR | SLIGR | Fontana-Mason (F&M) stain | Activation of the human PAR-2 receptor, increase melanin depositionin vitro and in vivo | The increase in pigment deposition induced by peptide can be seen in the Fontana-Mason (F&M) stained microscopic images of mice skin sections | Dorsum skin of SKH-1 hairless female mice | 18426410 |
| 1137 | SLIGR | SLIGR | Fontana-Mason (F&M) stain | Activation of the human PAR-2 receptor, increase melanin depositionin vitro and in vivo | The increase in pigment deposition induced by peptide can be seen in the Fontana-Mason (F&M) stained microscopic images of swine skin sections | Dorsum skin of pigmented yucatan microswine | 18426410 |
| 1138 | SLIGR | SLIGR | Fontana-Mason (F&M) stain | Activation of the human PAR-2 receptor, increase melanin depositionin vitro and in vivo | The increase in pigment deposition induced by peptide can be seen in the Fontana-Mason (F&M) stained microscopic images of Human skin section skin sections | Human skin samples grafted onto SCID mice | 18426410 |
| 1139 | Magainin | GIGKFLHSAKKFGKA FVGEIMNS | Franz cell system, Multi-photon microscopy | Antimicrobial | Skin permeability 1.5x 103cm/h in presence of chemical enhancer,C o-administration of magainin and NLS-ethanol led to extensive magainin penetration throughout the stratum corneum which could be easily visualised in the microscopic images | Human cadaver skin | 17628164 |
| 1140 | Haptide | TRWYSMKKTTMKIIP FNRL | Anti-LT antibodies determination by ELISA | Improve the cell penetration and subsequent presentation of the antigen. | Significant increase in antibody titer (anti-LT) in the serum of mice on topical application with HR-gp100H | Ears of BALB/c mice | 17493711 |
| 1141 | TD-1 | ACSSSPSKHCG | Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Blood glucose measurement | TD1 enhances the transdermal delivery of macromolecules | Significant permeability of insulin could be seen in the confocal images, TD-1 without insulin had no effect on either blood glucose or serum insulin level, indicating that the glucose-lowering effect observed with TD 1 and insulin coadministration was due to the delivered exogenous insulin and not a physiological response elicited by TD-1 | Abdominal skin of rat | 16565728 |
| 1142 | Peptide | LNQEQVSPRKKC | Inverted fluorescence microscopy | Peptide containing α 2-plasmin inhibitor fibrin-binding site to the free amines on the surface of the KGF molecule | The gradual healing of wound coould be easily visualised in th fluoresence microscopy images. Overlaid fluorescent and bright-field images of the wound show migrating cells as they degrade the fibrin matrix | Human skin equivalents were grafted to athymic mice | 16314471 |
| 1143 | RDP58 | r–nle–nle–nle–r–nle–nle–nle–g–y | Histological assay using bright field microscopy | Immunomodulator | It can be clearly seen from the histological images that topical application of RDP58results in significant decrease in tthe hickness of the ear skin as compared to control (TPA applied ear skin) | Ear of mice | 16117788 |
| 1144 | P144 | TSLDASIIWAMMQN | Sircol Collagen Assay kit, histological and immunohistochemical studies | Interferes with TGF-β1 binding to its cellular receptors on Mv1Lu cells. Potent in vivo anti-fibrotic activity in the liver of rats receiving CCl4 | Dermal thickness: Bleomycin treated-180%, Bleomycin plus P144 lipogel emulsion-120%, Bleomycin plus vehicle-200%. Soluble collagen: Bleomycin treated-215%, Bleomycin plus P144 lipogel emulsion-150%, Bleomycin plus vehicle-220%. Data represent mean±SD of 10 mice per group, and the values of PBS-treated mice are set to 100%. | Shaved skin area of female C3H mice | 16117784 |
| 1145 | OVA257–264 | SIINFEKL | ELISPOT assay | It is a class I (Kb)-restricted peptide epitope of ovalbumin (OVA), presented by the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule, H-2Kb. | ~ 210 spots/1*106 total cells(4 folds more than the permeability of the peptide with vehicle alone) | Epidermal layer of naive C57BL mice | 16113599 |
| 1146 | OVA257–264 | SIINFEKL | ELISPOT assay | It is a class I (Kb)-restricted peptide epitope of ovalbumin (OVA), presented by the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule, H-2Kb. | ~ 65 spots/1*106 total cells | Epidermal layer of naive C57BL mice | 16113599 |
| 1147 | OVA257–264 | SIINFEKL | ELISPOT assay | It is a class I (Kb)-restricted peptide epitope of ovalbumin (OVA), presented by the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule, H-2Kb. | ~ 51 spots/1*106 total cells | Epidermal layer of naive C57BL mice | 16113599 |
| 1148 | OVA257–264 | SIINFEKL | ELISPOT assay | It is a class I (Kb)-restricted peptide epitope of ovalbumin (OVA), presented by the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule, H-2Kb. | ~ 100 spots/1*106 total cells | Epidermal layer of naive C57BL mice | 16113599 |
| 1149 | OVA257–264 | SIINFEKL | ELISPOT assay | It is a class I (Kb)-restricted peptide epitope of ovalbumin (OVA), presented by the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule, H-2Kb. | ~ 200 spots/1*106 total cells | Epidermal layer of naive C57BL mice | 16113599 |
| 1150 | OVA257–264 | SIINFEKL | ELISPOT assay | It is a class I (Kb)-restricted peptide epitope of ovalbumin (OVA), presented by the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule, H-2Kb. | ~ 215 spots/1*106 total cells | Epidermal layer of naive C57BL mice | 16113599 |
| 1151 | OVA257–264 | SIINFEKL | ELISPOT assay | It is a class I (Kb)-restricted peptide epitope of ovalbumin (OVA), presented by the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule, H-2Kb. | ~ 65 spots/1*106 total cells | Epidermal layer of naive C57BL mice | 16113599 |
| 1152 | YARA | YARAAARQARA | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | Molecular modification of TAT has led to the discovery of a new, optimized PTD, YARA which can penetrate intact strips of porcine coronary artery and human saphenous vein smooth muscle. | Rate of skin penetration(nmol/cm2/h)- -̴0.12 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1153 | YARA | YARAAARQARA | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | Molecular modification of TAT has led to the discovery of a new, optimized PTD, YARA which can penetrate intact strips of porcine coronary artery and human saphenous vein smooth muscle. | Transdermal delivery(nmol)- -̴0.054 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1154 | TAT | YGRKKRRQRRR | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | HIV transcription factor TAT which is a protein transduction domain characterized by a high content of positively charged arginine and lysine amino acid residues | Rate of skin penetration(nmol/cm2/h)- -̴0.02 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1155 | TAT | YGRKKRRQRRR | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | HIV transcription factor TAT which is a protein transduction domain | Transdermal delivery(nmol)- -̴0.06 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1156 | YKAc | YKALRISRKLAK | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | It is a nontransducing peptide | Transdermal delivery(nmol)- -̴0 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1157 | P20 | WLRRASAPLPGLK | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | Phosphopeptide analogue of the heat shock protein (HSP) 20 | Rate of skin penetration(nmol/cm2/h)- -̴0.1 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1158 | YARA | YARAAARQARA | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | Molecular modification of TAT has led to the discovery of a new, optimized PTD, YARA which can penetrate intact strips of porcine coronary artery and human saphenous vein smooth muscle. | Transdermal delivery(nmol)- -̴0.04 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1159 | TAT | YGRKKRRQRRR | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | HIV transcription factor TAT which is a protein transduction domain | Transdermal delivery(nmol)- -̴0.05 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1160 | YKAc | YKALRISRKLAK | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | It is a nontransducing peptide | Transdermal delivery(nmol)- -̴0 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1161 | YARA | YARAAARQARA | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | Molecular modification of TAT has led to the discovery of a new, optimized PTD, YARA which can penetrate intact strips of porcine coronary artery and human saphenous vein smooth muscle. | Transdermal delivery(nmol)- -̴0.046 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1162 | TAT | YGRKKRRQRRR | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | HIV transcription factor TAT which is a protein transduction domain | Transdermal delivery(nmol)- -̴0.055 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1163 | YKAc | YKALRISRKLAK | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | It is a nontransducing peptide | Transdermal delivery(nmol)- -̴0 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1164 | YARA | YARAAARQARA | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | Molecular modification of TAT has led to the discovery of a new, optimized PTD, YARA which can penetrate intact strips of porcine coronary artery and human saphenous vein smooth muscle. | Transdermal delivery(nmol)- -̴0.048 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1165 | TAT | YGRKKRRQRRR | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | HIV transcription factor TAT which is a protein transduction domain | Transdermal delivery(nmol)- -̴0.056 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1166 | YKAc | YKALRISRKLAK | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | It is a nontransducing peptide | Transdermal delivery(nmol)- -̴0 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1167 | P20 | WLRRASAPLPGLK | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | Phosphopeptide analogue of the heat shock protein (HSP) 20 | Rate of skin penetration(nmol/cm2/h)- -̴0.15 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1168 | YARA | YARAAARQARA | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | Molecular modification of TAT has led to the discovery of a new, optimized PTD, YARA which can penetrate intact strips of porcine coronary artery and human saphenous vein smooth muscle. | Rate of skin penetration(nmol/cm2/h)- -̴0.6 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1169 | TAT | YGRKKRRQRRR | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | HIV transcription factor TAT which is a protein transduction domain characterized by a high content of positively charged arginine and lysine amino acid residues | Rate of skin penetration(nmol/cm2/h)- -̴0.7 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1170 | P20 | WLRRASAPLPGLK | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | Phosphopeptide analogue of the heat shock protein (HSP) 20 | Rate of skin penetration(nmol/cm2/h)- -̴0.05 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1171 | YARA | YARAAARQARA | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | Molecular modification of TAT has led to the discovery of a new, optimized PTD, YARA which can penetrate intact strips of porcine coronary artery and human saphenous vein smooth muscle. | Rate of skin penetration(nmol/cm2/h)- -̴0.9 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1172 | TAT | YGRKKRRQRRR | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | HIV transcription factor TAT which is a protein transduction domain characterized by a high content of positively charged arginine and lysine amino acid residues | Rate of skin penetration(nmol/cm2/h)- -̴0.98 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1173 | P20 | WLRRASAPLPGLK | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | Phosphopeptide analogue of the heat shock protein (HSP) 20 | Rate of skin penetration(nmol/cm2/h)- -̴0.13 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1174 | YARA | YARAAARQARA | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | Molecular modification of TAT has led to the discovery of a new, optimized PTD, YARA which can penetrate intact strips of porcine coronary artery and human saphenous vein smooth muscle. | Rate of skin penetration(nmol/cm2/h)- -̴0.39 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1175 | TAT | YGRKKRRQRRR | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | HIV transcription factor TAT which is a protein transduction domain characterized by a high content of positively charged arginine and lysine amino acid residues | Rate of skin penetration(nmol/cm2/h)- -̴0.47 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1176 | P20 | WLRRASAPLPGLK | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | Phosphopeptide analogue of the heat shock protein (HSP) 20 | Rate of skin penetration(nmol/cm2/h)- -̴0.01 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1177 | YARA | YARAAARQARA | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | Molecular modification of TAT has led to the discovery of a new, optimized PTD, YARA which can penetrate intact strips of porcine coronary artery and human saphenous vein smooth muscle. | Rate of skin penetration(nmol/cm2/h)- -̴0.03 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1178 | TAT | YGRKKRRQRRR | Fluorimetry analysis using Gemini SpectraMax plate reader | HIV transcription factor TAT which is a protein transduction domain characterized by a high content of positively charged arginine and lysine amino acid residues | Rate of skin penetration(nmol/cm2/h)- -̴0.1 | Freshly excised porcine ear skin's stratum corneum (facing the donor compartment) was mounted in a Franz diffusion cell | 15906170 |
| 1179 | Pentadecapeptide BPC157 | GEPPPGKPADDAGLV | Macroscopically, gross lesion severity was gauged by the depth of the wound crater (mm), the area of necrosis and the wound area. Microscopically, the factors investigated included oedema, blood vessel formation and their total diameter, the number of preserved hair follicles, reticulin and collagen formation. | It consistently improves burn healing, counteract the impairment of burn healing induced by systemic corticosteroids, promotes healing in ulcers and wounds with remarkable stability. | Parameters studied: Depth of wound crater(mm)=1.35/2.0(control), Wound necrosis area(mm2)=16/27(control), Wound area(mm2)=87.5/100(control), Oedema (µm)=975/1175(control), No. of blood vessels=3/2(control), Diameter of blood vessels (µm)=900/1000(control), No. of inflammatory cells=73.5/116(control) | Randomly assigned male mice (NMRI–Hannover) were used to create an injury on the dorsal skin | 15774286 |
| 1180 | Pentadecapeptide BPC157 | GEPPPGKPADDAGLV | Macroscopically, gross lesion severity was gauged by the depth of the wound crater (mm), the area of necrosis and the wound area. Microscopically, the factors investigated included oedema, blood vessel formation and their total diameter, the number of preserved hair follicles, reticulin and collagen formation. | It consistently improves burn healing, counteract the impairment of burn healing induced by systemic corticosteroids, promotes healing in ulcers and wounds with remarkable stability. | Parameters studied: Depth of wound crater(mm)=1.85/2.0(control), Wound necrosis area(mm2)=20/27(control), Wound area(mm2)=97.5/100(control), Oedema (µm)=1100/1175(control), No. of blood vessels=2/2(control), Diameter of blood vessels (µm)=875/1000(control), No. of inflammatory cells=103.5/116(control) | Randomly assigned male mice (NMRI–Hannover) were used to create an injury on the dorsal skin | 15774286 |
| 1181 | Pentadecapeptide BPC157 | GEPPPGKPADDAGLV | Macroscopically, gross lesion severity was gauged by the depth of the wound crater (mm), the area of necrosis and the wound area. Microscopically, the factors investigated included oedema, blood vessel formation and their total diameter, the number of preserved hair follicles, reticulin and collagen formation. | It consistently improves burn healing, counteract the impairment of burn healing induced by systemic corticosteroids, promotes healing in ulcers and wounds with remarkable stability. | Parameters studied: Depth of wound crater(mm)=2.05/2.0(control), Wound necrosis area(mm2)=24.5/27(control), Wound area(mm2)=100/100(control), Oedema (µm)=1150/1175(control), No. of blood vessels=2/2(control), Diameter of blood vessels (µm)=875/1000(control), No. of inflammatory cells=123/116(control) | Randomly assigned male mice (NMRI–Hannover) were used to create an injury on the dorsal skin | 15774286 |
| 1182 | Pentadecapeptide BPC157 | GEPPPGKPADDAGLV | Macroscopically, gross lesion severity was gauged by the depth of the wound crater (mm), the area of necrosis and the wound area. Microscopically, the factors investigated included oedema, blood vessel formation and their total diameter, the number of preserved hair follicles, reticulin and collagen formation. | It consistently improves burn healing, counteract the impairment of burn healing induced by systemic corticosteroids, promotes healing in ulcers and wounds with remarkable stability. | Parameters studied: Wound area(mm2)=80/100(control), No. of blood vessels=2/0(control), Diameter of blood vessels (µm)=105/110(control), Reticulin (%)=51/21.5(control), Collagen (%)=70.5/39.5(control), Necrosis (score 0–4)=2/3(control), No. of vital follicles=58.5/20(control) | Randomly assigned male mice (NMRI–Hannover) were used to create an injury on the dorsal skin | 15774286 |
| 1183 | Pentadecapeptide BPC157 | GEPPPGKPADDAGLV | Macroscopically, gross lesion severity was gauged by the depth of the wound crater (mm), the area of necrosis and the wound area. Microscopically, the factors investigated included oedema, blood vessel formation and their total diameter, the number of preserved hair follicles, reticulin and collagen formation. | It consistently improves burn healing, counteract the impairment of burn healing induced by systemic corticosteroids, promotes healing in ulcers and wounds with remarkable stability. | Parameters studied: Wound area(mm2)=97.5/100(control), No. of blood vessels=1/0(control), Diameter of blood vessels (µm)=55/110(control), Reticulin (%)=31/21.5(control), Collagen (%)=43.5/39.5(control), Necrosis (score 0–4)=3/3(control), No. of vital follicles=34/20(control) | Randomly assigned male mice (NMRI–Hannover) were used to create an injury on the dorsal skin | 15774286 |
| 1184 | Pentadecapeptide BPC157 | GEPPPGKPADDAGLV | Macroscopically, gross lesion severity was gauged by the depth of the wound crater (mm), the area of necrosis and the wound area. Microscopically, the factors investigated included oedema, blood vessel formation and their total diameter, the number of preserved hair follicles, reticulin and collagen formation. | It consistently improves burn healing, counteract the impairment of burn healing induced by systemic corticosteroids, promotes healing in ulcers and wounds with remarkable stability. | Parameters studied: Wound area(mm2)=97.5/100(control), No. of blood vessels=0.5/0(control), Diameter of blood vessels (µm)=40/110(control), Reticulin (%)=26/21.5(control), Collagen (%)=31.5/39.5(control), Necrosis (score 0–4)=3/3(control), No. of vital follicles=26/20(control) | Randomly assigned male mice (NMRI–Hannover) were used to create an injury on the dorsal skin | 15774286 |
| 1185 | Pentadecapeptide BPC157 | GEPPPGKPADDAGLV | Macroscopically, gross lesion severity was gauged by the depth of the wound crater (mm), the area of necrosis and the wound area. Microscopically, the factors investigated included oedema, blood vessel formation and their total diameter, the number of preserved hair follicles, reticulin and collagen formation. | It consistently improves burn healing, counteract the impairment of burn healing induced by systemic corticosteroids, promotes healing in ulcers and wounds with remarkable stability. | Parameters studied: Wound area(mm2)=0/13(control), No. of blood vessels=1/0(control), Diameter of blood vessels (µm)=100/110(control), Collagen (%)=95.5/70.5(control) | Randomly assigned male mice (NMRI–Hannover) were used to create an injury on the dorsal skin | 15774286 |
| 1186 | Pentadecapeptide BPC157 | GEPPPGKPADDAGLV | Macroscopically, gross lesion severity was gauged by the depth of the wound crater (mm), the area of necrosis and the wound area. Microscopically, the factors investigated included oedema, blood vessel formation and their total diameter, the number of preserved hair follicles, reticulin and collagen formation. | It consistently improves burn healing, counteract the impairment of burn healing induced by systemic corticosteroids, promotes healing in ulcers and wounds with remarkable stability. | Parameters studied: Wound area(mm2)=5/13(control), No. of blood vessels=1/0(control), Diameter of blood vessels (µm)=60/110(control), Collagen (%)=74/70.5(control) | Randomly assigned male mice (NMRI–Hannover) were used to create an injury on the dorsal skin | 15774286 |
| 1187 | Pentadecapeptide BPC157 | GEPPPGKPADDAGLV | Macroscopically, gross lesion severity was gauged by the depth of the wound crater (mm), the area of necrosis and the wound area. Microscopically, the factors investigated included oedema, blood vessel formation and their total diameter, the number of preserved hair follicles, reticulin and collagen formation. | It consistently improves burn healing, counteract the impairment of burn healing induced by systemic corticosteroids, promotes healing in ulcers and wounds with remarkable stability. | Parameters studied: Wound area(mm2)=9/13(control), No. of blood vessels=0.5/0(control), Diameter of blood vessels (µm)=50/110(control), Collagen (%)=70.5/70.5(control) | Randomly assigned male mice (NMRI–Hannover) were used to create an injury on the dorsal skin | 15774286 |
| 1188 | Peptide 141–159 from the VP1 protein of serotype A12 | CGSGVRGDFGSLAPR VARQL | ELISA | Elicits virus neutralising antibodies in mice after transcutaneous immunisation | Log10 antibody titres=2.7 after first booster | Abdominal skin of BALB/c mice | 15734548 |
| 1189 | Peptide 141–159 from the VP1 protein of serotype A12 | CGSGVRGDFGSLAPR VARQL | ELISA | Elicits virus neutralising antibodies in mice after transcutaneous immunisation | Log10 antibody titres=3.8 after second booster | Abdominal skin of BALB/c mice | 15734548 |
| 1190 | Peptide 141–159 from the VP1 protein of serotype A12 | CGSGVRGDFGSLAPR VARQL | ELISA | Elicits virus neutralising antibodies in mice after transcutaneous immunisation | Log10 antibody titres=4.5 after third booster | Abdominal skin of BALB/c mice | 15734548 |
| 1191 | Peptide 141–159 from the VP1 protein of serotype A12 | CGSGVRGDFGSLAPR VARQL | Neutralisation assay | Elicits virus neutralising antibodies in mice after transcutaneous immunisation | Neutralisation indices of anti-peptide antibody responses=2.5 after first booster | Abdominal skin of BALB/c mice | 15734548 |
| 1192 | Peptide 141–159 from the VP1 protein of serotype A12 | CGSGVRGDFGSLAPR VARQL | Neutralisation assay | Elicits virus neutralising antibodies in mice after transcutaneous immunisation | Neutralisation indices of anti-peptide antibody responses=2.1 after second booster | Abdominal skin of BALB/c mice | 15734548 |
| 1193 | Peptide 141–159 from the VP1 protein of serotype A12 | CGSGVRGDFGSLAPR VARQL | Neutralisation assay | Elicits virus neutralising antibodies in mice after transcutaneous immunisation | Neutralisation indices of anti-peptide antibody responses=2.7 after third booster | Abdominal skin of BALB/c mice | 15734548 |
| 1194 | Desmopressin | Mpr-YFQNCPrG | Radioimmunoassay | It is a peptide hormone that is used chiefly for treatment of enuresis | 10 ng/ml serum conc. of desmopressin after ~100 min of coated microneedle array application | Lateral skin areas of the thorax of hairless guinea pigs | 15212882 |
| 1195 | Desmopressin | Mpr-YFQNCPrG | Radioimmunoassay | It is a peptide hormone that is used chiefly for treatment of enuresis | 1 ng/ml serum conc. of desmopressin after ~250 min of coated microneedle array application | Lateral skin areas of the thorax of hairless guinea pigs | 15212882 |
| 1196 | Desmopressin | Mpr-YFQNCPrG | Radioimmunoassay | It is a peptide hormone that is used chiefly for treatment of enuresis | 0.8 ng/ml serum conc. of desmopressin after ~350 min of coated microneedle array application | Lateral skin areas of the thorax of hairless guinea pigs | 15212882 |
| 1197 | OVA8 | SIINFEKL | Histochemical staining | OVA8 peptides can be used to detect a strong CD8+ cytolytic T cell response | Distributed uniformly on the skin surface without obvious penetration into deeper layers of the epidermis or the dermis. | Tape-stripped ears of mice | 15121311 |
| 1198 | ANTP-OVA8 (OVA257–264 linked to Antennapedia transduction sequence) | RQIKIWFQNRRMKWK KSIINFEKL | Histochemical staining | ANTP-OVA8 enhances the delivery of the antigen through the skin and promotes the generation of CTL | Penetration of the antigen across skin surface with strong staining of all skin tissue layers. The penetration was rapid and detectable at 30 min | Tape-stripped ears of mice | 15121311 |
| 1199 | LHRH | pGlu-HWSYGLRPG | HPLC | Peptides containing closely juxtapositioned cationic and lipohilic residues are able to inhibit their own transport across the skin even under the influence of iontophoretic current. | LHRH flux= 2.37 ± 0.94 µg h−1 cm−2 at 100% DC | Human cadaver skin | 14757511 |
| 1200 | LHRH | pGlu-HWSYGLRPG | HPLC | Peptides containing closely juxtapositioned cationic and lipohilic residues are able to inhibit their own transport across the skin even under the influence of iontophoretic current. | LHRH flux= 9.87 ± 4.91 µg h−1 cm−2 at 75% pulsed DC | Human cadaver skin | 14757511 |
| 1201 | LHRH | pGlu-HWSYGLRPG | HPLC | Peptides containing closely juxtapositioned cationic and lipohilic residues are able to inhibit their own transport across the skin even under the influence of iontophoretic current. | LHRH flux= 5.57 ± 2.27 µg h−1 cm−2 at 50% pulsed DC | Human cadaver skin | 14757511 |
| 1202 | LHRH | pGlu-HWSYGLRPG | HPLC | Peptides containing closely juxtapositioned cationic and lipohilic residues are able to inhibit their own transport across the skin even under the influence of iontophoretic current. | LHRH flux= 1.21 ± 0.76 µg h−1 cm−2 at 75%+/25%− AC | Human cadaver skin | 14757511 |
| 1203 | LHRH | pGlu-HWSYGLRPG | HPLC | Peptides containing closely juxtapositioned cationic and lipohilic residues are able to inhibit their own transport across the skin even under the influence of iontophoretic current. | LHRH flux= 0.006 ± 0.004 µg h−1 cm−2 at 50%+/50%− AC | Human cadaver skin | 14757511 |
| 1204 | Nafarelin | pGlu-HWSY-D-2-Nal-LRPG | HPLC | Peptides containing closely juxtapositioned cationic and lipohilic residues are able to inhibit their own transport across the skin even under the influence of iontophoretic current. | Nafarelin flux= 1.99 ± 2.04 µg h−1 cm−2 at 100% DC | Human cadaver skin | 14757511 |
| 1205 | Nafarelin | pGlu-HWSY-D-2-Nal-LRPG | HPLC | Peptides containing closely juxtapositioned cationic and lipohilic residues are able to inhibit their own transport across the skin even under the influence of iontophoretic current. | Nafarelin flux= 6.47 ± 0.87 µg h−1 cm−2 at 75% DC | Human cadaver skin | 14757511 |
| 1206 | Nafarelin | pGlu-HWSY-D-2-Nal-LRPG | HPLC | Peptides containing closely juxtapositioned cationic and lipohilic residues are able to inhibit their own transport across the skin even under the influence of iontophoretic current. | Nafarelin flux= 0.96 ± 0.79 µg h−1 cm−2 at 50% pulsed DC | Human cadaver skin | 14757511 |
| 1207 | Nafarelin | pGlu-HWSY-D-2-Nal-LRPG | HPLC | Peptides containing closely juxtapositioned cationic and lipohilic residues are able to inhibit their own transport across the skin even under the influence of iontophoretic current. | Nafarelin flux= 3.33 ± 1.04 µg h−1 cm−2 at 75%+/25%- AC | Human cadaver skin | 14757511 |
| 1208 | Nafarelin | pGlu-HWSY-D-2-Nal-LRPG | HPLC | Peptides containing closely juxtapositioned cationic and lipohilic residues are able to inhibit their own transport across the skin even under the influence of iontophoretic current. | Nafarelin flux= 0.15 ± 0.09 µg h−1 cm−2 at 50%+/50%- AC | Human cadaver skin | 14757511 |
| 1209 | LHRH | pGlu-HWSYGLRPG | HPLC | Peptides containing closely juxtapositioned cationic and lipohilic residues are able to inhibit their own transport across the skin even under the influence of iontophoretic current. | LHRH flux= 12.39 ± 5.32 µg h−1 cm−2 at 75% pulsed DC (500 Hz) | Epidermis of human cadaver skin | 14757511 |
| 1210 | LHRH | pGlu-HWSYGLRPG | HPLC | Peptides containing closely juxtapositioned cationic and lipohilic residues are able to inhibit their own transport across the skin even under the influence of iontophoretic current. | LHRH flux= 5.97 ± 3.20 µg h−1 cm−2 at 50% pulsed DC (500 Hz) | Epidermis of human cadaver skin | 14757511 |
| 1211 | LHRH | pGlu-HWSYGLRPG | HPLC | Peptides containing closely juxtapositioned cationic and lipohilic residues are able to inhibit their own transport across the skin even under the influence of iontophoretic current. | LHRH flux=9.07 ± 4.28 µg h−1 cm−2 at 25% pulsed DC (500 Hz) | Epidermis of human cadaver skin | 14757511 |
| 1212 | LHRH | pGlu-HWSYGLRPG | HPLC | Peptides containing closely juxtapositioned cationic and lipohilic residues are able to inhibit their own transport across the skin even under the influence of iontophoretic current. | LHRH flux= 8.70±3.56 µg h−1 cm−2 at 75% pulsed DC (5 Hz) | Epidermis of human cadaver skin | 14757511 |
| 1213 | LHRH | pGlu-HWSYGLRPG | HPLC | Peptides containing closely juxtapositioned cationic and lipohilic residues are able to inhibit their own transport across the skin even under the influence of iontophoretic current. | LHRH flux= 7.31±1.94 µg h−1 cm−2 at 50% pulsed DC (5 Hz) | Epidermis of human cadaver skin | 14757511 |
| 1214 | LHRH | pGlu-HWSYGLRPG | HPLC | Peptides containing closely juxtapositioned cationic and lipohilic residues are able to inhibit their own transport across the skin even under the influence of iontophoretic current. | LHRH flux= 9.35±1.98 µg h−1 cm−2 at 25% pulsed DC (5 Hz) | Epidermis of human cadaver skin | 14757511 |
| 1215 | Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) | SVSEIQLMHNLGKHL NSMERVEWLRKKLQD VHNF | Franz cell | PTH is an important regulator of calcium and phosphorus metabolism and used for treatment of psoriasis. | <1% PTH dissolved in normal saline recovered in the lower chamber of the Franz cell after 24 h | Surgically obtained adult abdominal human epidermis | 12932245 |
| 1216 | Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) | SVSEIQLMHNLGKHL NSMERVEWLRKKLQD VHNF | Franz cell | PTH is an important regulator of calcium and phosphorus metabolism and used for treatment of psoriasis. | <1% PTH dissolved in propylene glycol recovered in the lower chamber of the Franz cell after 24 h | Surgically obtained adult abdominal human epidermis | 12932245 |
| 1217 | Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) | SVSEIQLMHNLGKHL NSMERVEWLRKKLQD VHNF | Franz cell | PTH is an important regulator of calcium and phosphorus metabolism and used for treatment of psoriasis. | 45% PTH formulated in Novasome A cream recovered in the lower chamber of the Franz cell after 24 h | Surgically obtained adult abdominal human epidermis | 12932245 |
| 1218 | Bacitracin | I/V-CLe-I/V-K-orn-I/V-fHdN | Fluorescein-labeled bacitracin and confocal microscopy, HPLC | Bactericidal antibiotic often used topically. It is a cyclic peptide that contains positively and negatively charged lateral chains at neutral pH and is composed of a mixture of L and D amino acids. | Bacitracin Cumulative Amount(µg/cm2)=42.3±3.8 | Human epidermis from abdominal sites of Caucasian females | 12712421 |
| 1219 | Bacitracin | I/V-CLe-I/V-K-orn-I/V-fHdN | Fluorescein-labeled bacitracin and confocal microscopy, HPLC | Bactericidal antibiotic often used topically. It is a cyclic peptide that contains positively and negatively charged lateral chains at neutral pH and is composed of a mixture of L and D amino acids. | Bacitracin Cumulative Amount(µg/cm2)=80.2±4.7 | Human epidermis from abdominal sites of Caucasian females | 12712421 |
| 1220 | Bacitracin | I/V-CLe-I/V-K-orn-I/V-fHdN | Fluorescein-labeled bacitracin and confocal microscopy, HPLC | Bactericidal antibiotic often used topically. It is a cyclic peptide that contains positively and negatively charged lateral chains at neutral pH and is composed of a mixture of L and D amino acids. | Bacitracin Cumulative Amount(µg/cm2)=44.1±4 | Human epidermis from abdominal sites of Caucasian females | 12712421 |
| 1221 | Bacitracin | I/V-CLe-I/V-K-orn-I/V-fHdN | Fluorescein-labeled bacitracin and confocal microscopy, HPLC | Bactericidal antibiotic often used topically. It is a cyclic peptide that contains positively and negatively charged lateral chains at neutral pH and is composed of a mixture of L and D amino acids. | Bacitracin Cumulative Amount(µg/cm2)=82.1±4.4 | Human epidermis from abdominal sites of Caucasian females | 12712421 |
| 1222 | Bacitracin | I/V-CLe-I/V-K-orn-I/V-fHdN | Fluorescein-labeled bacitracin and confocal microscopy, HPLC | Bactericidal antibiotic often used topically. It is a cyclic peptide that contains positively and negatively charged lateral chains at neutral pH and is composed of a mixture of L and D amino acids. | Bacitracin Cumulative Amount(µg/cm2)=52.8±4.4 | Human epidermis from abdominal sites of Caucasian females | 12712421 |
| 1223 | Bacitracin | I/V-CLe-I/V-K-orn-I/V-fHdN | Fluorescein-labeled bacitracin and confocal microscopy, HPLC | Bactericidal antibiotic often used topically. It is a cyclic peptide that contains positively and negatively charged lateral chains at neutral pH and is composed of a mixture of L and D amino acids. | Bacitracin Cumulative Amount(µg/cm2)=95±2.9 | Human epidermis from abdominal sites of Caucasian females | 12712421 |
| 1224 | Insulin in poloxamer gel 407 | (Chain A: GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN) (Chain B: FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKT) | Franz diffusion cells, Radioimuunoassay | It is used in the treatment diabetes mellitus and has immense therapeutic and commercial importance | Skin permeation parameters of insulin from poloxamer 407 gel using menthone enhancer, Lag time (h)=1.20 (0.02) , Flux (µg/cm2 /h)=5.57 (0.13), Cumulative amount permeated (µg)=210.78 (2.64), Skin affinity=10.57 (0.38), (P<0.05), all values are n=3 | Female Sprague–Dawley rat skin | 12695068 |
| 1225 | Insulin in poloxamer gel 408 | (Chain A: GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN) (Chain B: FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKT) | Franz diffusion cells, Radioimuunoassay | It is used in the treatment diabetes mellitus and has immense therapeutic and commercial importance | Skin permeation parameters of insulin from poloxamer 407 gel using linoleic acid enhancer, Lag time (h)=0.65 (0.49) , Flux (µg/cm2 /h)=8.08 (0.20), Cumulative amount permeated (µg)=244.38 (30.21), Skin affinity=5.28 (2.37), (P<0.05), all values are n=3 | Female Sprague–Dawley rat skin | 12695068 |
| 1226 | Salmon calcitonin (sCT) | CSNLSTCVLGKLSQEL HKLQTYPRTNTGSGTP | Radioimmunoassay | A peptide hormone which inhibits bone resorption by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts. | Area Under the Curve0–120 min (ng·min/ml)=19.8±2.9 , Absolute Bioavailability (%)=33.2 , Relative Bioavailability (%)=68.6 | Stratum corneum of the stomach of SD male rats | 11337153 |
| 1227 | Salmon calcitonin (sCT) | CSNLSTCVLGKLSQEL HKLQTYPRTNTGSGTP | Radioimmunoassay | A peptide hormone which inhibits bone resorption by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts. | Area Under the Curve0–120 min (ng·min/ml)=43.0±5.0 , Absolute Bioavailability (%)=37.0 , Relative Bioavailability (%)=76.5 | Stratum corneum of the stomach of SD male rats | 11337153 |
| 1228 | Salmon calcitonin (sCT) | CSNLSTCVLGKLSQEL HKLQTYPRTNTGSGTP | Radioimmunoassay | A peptide hormone which inhibits bone resorption by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts. | Area Under the Curve0–120 min (ng·min/ml)=72.2±7.3 , Absolute Bioavailability (%)=32.5 , Relative Bioavailability (%)=67.2 | Stratum corneum of the stomach of SD male rats | 11337153 |
| 1229 | Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) | pGlu-HP | Cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values determined by collecting blood at different time intervals | TRH has potential clinical value in the treatment of neurotrauma and various neurologic and psychiatric disorders besides its well known endocrinological effects | On application of TRH, cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values:Mean arterial blood pressure(kPa)-11.1 ± 0.7, Basal skin blood flow(PU)-378 ± 47, Heart rate(min-1)-424 ± 26, Respiratory rate(min-1)-113 ± 8, pH-7.38 ± 0.02, pCO2(kPa)-7.07 ± 0.37 and pO2(kPa)-7.91 ± 0.25 | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Sprague-Dawley rats | 11179600 |
| 1230 | Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) | pGlu-HP | Cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values determined by collecting blood at different time intervals | TRH has potential clinical value in the treatment of neurotrauma and various neurologic and psychiatric disorders besides its well known endocrinological effects | On application of TRH, cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values:Mean arterial blood pressure(kPa)-10.8 ± 1.0, Basal skin blood flow(PU)-421 ± 4, Heart rate(min-1)-417 ± 23, Respiratory rate(min-1)-118 ± 6, pH-7.39 ± 0.01, pCO2(kPa)-6.82 ± 0.27 and pO2(kPa)-8.43 ± 0.24 | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Sprague-Dawley rats | 11179600 |
| 1231 | Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) | pGlu-HP | Cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values determined by collecting blood at different time intervals | TRH has potential clinical value in the treatment of neurotrauma and various neurologic and psychiatric disorders besides its well known endocrinological effects | On application of TRH, cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values:Mean arterial blood pressure(kPa)-10.5 ± 1.0, Basal skin blood flow(PU)-454 ± 23, Heart rate(min-1)-423 ± 23, Respiratory rate(min-1)-123 ± 6, pH-7.40 ± 0.02, pCO2(pKa)-6.46 ± 0.31 and pO2(pKa)-9.87 ± 1.49 | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Sprague-Dawley rats | 11179600 |
| 1232 | Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) | pGlu-HP | Cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values determined by collecting blood at different time intervals | TRH has potential clinical value in the treatment of neurotrauma and various neurologic and psychiatric disorders besides its well known endocrinological effects | On application of TRH, cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values:Mean arterial blood pressure(kPa)-9.5 ± 0.8, Basal skin blood flow(PU)-348 ± 62, Heart rate(min-1)-419 ± 26, Respiratory rate(min-1)-115 ± 7, pH-7.37 ± 0.02, pCO2(pKa)-7.05 ± 0.56 and pO2(pKa)-7.39 ± 0.33 | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Sprague-Dawley rats | 11179600 |
| 1233 | Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) | pGlu-HP | Cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values determined by collecting blood at different time intervals | TRH has potential clinical value in the treatment of neurotrauma and various neurologic and psychiatric disorders besides its well known endocrinological effects | On application of TRH, cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values:Mean arterial blood pressure(kPa)-11.3 ± 0.7, Basal skin blood flow(PU)-370 ± 55, Heart rate(min-1)-329 ± 12, Respiratory rate(min-1)-89 ± 5, pH-7.33 ± 0.01, pCO2(pKa)-8.31 ± 0.25 and pO2(pKa)-9.24 ± 1.03 | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Sprague-Dawley rats | 11179600 |
| 1234 | Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) | pGlu-HP | Cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values determined by collecting blood at different time intervals | TRH has potential clinical value in the treatment of neurotrauma and various neurologic and psychiatric disorders besides its well known endocrinological effects | On application of TRH, cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values:Mean arterial blood pressure(kPa)-9.9 ± 0.8, Basal skin blood flow(PU)-358 ± 47, Heart rate(min-1)-349 ± 15, Respiratory rate(min-1)-101 ± 5, pH-7.33 ± 0.01, pCO2(pKa)-7.85 ± 0.23 and pO2(pKa)-9.30 ± 0.71 | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Sprague-Dawley rats | 11179600 |
| 1235 | Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) | pGlu-HP | Cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values determined by collecting blood at different time intervals | TRH has potential clinical value in the treatment of neurotrauma and various neurologic and psychiatric disorders besides its well known endocrinological effects | On application of TRH, cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values:Mean arterial blood pressure(kPa)-9.0 ± 0.5, Basal skin blood flow(PU)-287 ± 51, Heart rate(min-1)-353 ± 14, Respiratory rate(min-1)-98 ± 4, pH-7.33 ± 0.01, pCO2(pKa)-7.72 ± 0.34 and pO2(pKa)-8.43 ± 0.63 | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Sprague-Dawley rats | 11179600 |
| 1236 | Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) | pGlu-HP | Cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values determined by collecting blood at different time intervals | TRH has potential clinical value in the treatment of neurotrauma and various neurologic and psychiatric disorders besides its well known endocrinological effects | On application of TRH, cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values:Mean arterial blood pressure(kPa)-8.2 ± 0.4, Basal skin blood flow(PU)-244 ± 50, Heart rate(min-1)-359 ± 11, Respiratory rate(min-1)-91 ± 9, pH-7.35 ± 0.02, pCO2(pKa)-6.89 ± 0.33 and pO2(pKa)-10.8 ± 1.55 | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Sprague-Dawley rats | 11179600 |
| 1237 | M-TRH | pGlu-3-methyl-HP | Cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values determined by collecting blood at different time intervals | TRH has potential clinical value in the treatment of neurotrauma and various neurologic and psychiatric disorders besides its well known endocrinological effects | On application of M-TRH, cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values:Mean arterial blood pressure(kPa)-11.2 ± 0.2, Basal skin blood flow(PU)-380 ± 44, Heart rate(min-1)-387 ± 18, Respiratory rate(min-1)-105 ± 10, pH-7.36 ± 0.03, pCO2(pKa)-7.42 ± 0.49 and pO2(pKa)-8.32 ± 0.70 | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Sprague-Dawley rats | 11179600 |
| 1238 | M-TRH | pGlu-3-methyl-HP | Cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values determined by collecting blood at different time intervals | TRH has potential clinical value in the treatment of neurotrauma and various neurologic and psychiatric disorders besides its well known endocrinological effects | On application of M-TRH, cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values:Mean arterial blood pressure(kPa)-10.5 ± 0.5, Basal skin blood flow(PU)-305 ± 72, Heart rate(min-1)-385 ± 3, Respiratory rate(min-1)-113 ± 5, pH-7.39 ± 0.01, pCO2(pKa)-6.72 ± 0.08 and pO2(pKa)-7.99 ± 0.60 | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Sprague-Dawley rats | 11179600 |
| 1239 | M-TRH | pGlu-3-methyl-HP | Cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values determined by collecting blood at different time intervals | TRH has potential clinical value in the treatment of neurotrauma and various neurologic and psychiatric disorders besides its well known endocrinological effects | On application of M-TRH, cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values:Mean arterial blood pressure(kPa)-10.1 ± 0.5, Basal skin blood flow(PU)-259 ± 69, Heart rate(min-1)-378 ± 4, Respiratory rate(min-1)-110 ± 8, pH-7.41 ± 0.01, pCO2(pKa)-6.51 ± 0.04 and pO2(pKa)-8.44 ± 0.46 | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Sprague-Dawley rats | 11179600 |
| 1240 | M-TRH | pGlu-3-methyl-HP | Cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values determined by collecting blood at different time intervals | TRH has potential clinical value in the treatment of neurotrauma and various neurologic and psychiatric disorders besides its well known endocrinological effects | On application of M-TRH, cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values:Mean arterial blood pressure(kPa)-9.9 ± 0.8, Basal skin blood flow(PU)-202 ± 71, Heart rate(min-1)-372 ± 17, Respiratory rate(min-1)-101 ± 4, pH-7.40 ± 0.01, pCO2(pKa)-6.58 ± 0.20 and pO2(pKa)-8.73 ± 0.60 | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Sprague-Dawley rats | 11179600 |
| 1241 | M-TRH | pGlu-3-methyl-HP | Cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values determined by collecting blood at different time intervals | TRH has potential clinical value in the treatment of neurotrauma and various neurologic and psychiatric disorders besides its well known endocrinological effects | On application of M-TRH, cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values:Mean arterial blood pressure(kPa)-11.0 ± 0.31, Basal skin blood flow(PU)-382 ± 32, Heart rate(min-1)-400 ± 8, Respiratory rate(min-1)-116 ± 7, pH-7.35 ± 0.01, pCO2(pKa)-7.73 ± 0.24 and pO2(pKa)-9.59 ± 1.04 | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Sprague-Dawley rats | 11179600 |
| 1242 | M-TRH | pGlu-3-methyl-HP | Cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values determined by collecting blood at different time intervals | TRH has potential clinical value in the treatment of neurotrauma and various neurologic and psychiatric disorders besides its well known endocrinological effects | On application of M-TRH, cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values:Mean arterial blood pressure(kPa)-10.7 ± 0.31, Basal skin blood flow(PU)-294 ± 42, Heart rate(min-1)-404 ± 10, Respiratory rate(min-1)-116 ± 7, pH-7.36 ± 0.01, pCO2(pKa)-7.14 ± 0.22 and pO2(pKa)-8.57 ± 0.31 | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Sprague-Dawley rats | 11179600 |
| 1243 | M-TRH | pGlu-3-methyl-HP | Cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values determined by collecting blood at different time intervals | TRH has potential clinical value in the treatment of neurotrauma and various neurologic and psychiatric disorders besides its well known endocrinological effects | On application of M-TRH, cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values:Mean arterial blood pressure(kPa)-10.3 ± 0.33, Basal skin blood flow(PU)-213 ± 48, Heart rate(min-1)-407 ± 13, Respiratory rate(min-1)-107 ± 9, pH-7.38 ± 0.01, pCO2(pKa)-6.62 ± 0.24 and pO2(pKa)-10.6 ± 1.13 | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Sprague-Dawley rats | 11179600 |
| 1244 | M-TRH | pGlu-3-methyl-HP | Cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values determined by collecting blood at different time intervals | TRH has potential clinical value in the treatment of neurotrauma and various neurologic and psychiatric disorders besides its well known endocrinological effects | On application of M-TRH, cardiovascular parameters and blood gas values:Mean arterial blood pressure(kPa)-9.8 ± 0.52, Basal skin blood flow(PU)-212 ± 54, Heart rate(min-1)-412 ± 8, Respiratory rate(min-1)-102 ± 13, pH-7.38 ± 0.01, pCO2(pKa)-6.52 ± 0.22 and pO2(pKa)-9.33 ± 0.58 | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Sprague-Dawley rats | 11179600 |
| 1245 | Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) | pGlu-HP | Radioimmunoassay and Liquid Scintillation Technique | It is a tripeptide that used in the treatment of brain and spinal cord injury and certain CNS disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease and motor neuron disease (MND) | Permeability coefficient (Kp)= 18.4*105 cm/h, Cumulative amount= 24.9± 1.7 µg/cm2, Enhancement factor (EF) =3.4 | Human epidermal membrane | 10205635 |
| 1246 | Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) | pGlu-HP | Radioimmunoassay and Liquid Scintillation Technique | It is a tripeptide that used in the treatment of brain and spinal cord injury and certain CNS disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease and motor neuron disease (MND) | Permeability coefficient (Kp)= 16.6*105 cm/h, Cumulative amount= 18.5± 2.1 µg/cm2, Enhancement factor (EF) =3.1 | Human epidermal membrane | 10205635 |
| 1247 | Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) | pGlu-HP | Radioimmunoassay and Liquid Scintillation Technique | It is a tripeptide that used in the treatment of brain and spinal cord injury and certain CNS disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease and motor neuron disease (MND) | Permeability coefficient (Kp)= 5.4*105 cm/h, Cumulative amount= 7.8± 1.7 µg/cm2, Enhancement factor (EF) =0 | Human epidermal membrane | 10205635 |
| 1248 | M-TRH | pGlu-3-methyl-HP | Liquid Scintillation Technique | Analogue of TRH i.e. M-TRH is a potent analogue and stimulates the release of TSH from the pituitary seven to eight times that of the parental tripeptide. | Permeability coefficient (Kp)= 32.0*105 cm/h, Cumulative amount= 41.5±4.9 µg/cm2, Enhancement factor (EF) =4.7 | Human epidermal membrane | 10205635 |
| 1249 | M-TRH | pGlu-3-methyl-HP | Liquid Scintillation Technique | Analogue of TRH i.e. M-TRH is a potent analogue and stimulates the release of TSH from the pituitary seven to eight times that of the parental tripeptide. | Permeability coefficient (Kp)=20.2*105 cm/h, Cumulative amount= 20.4± 3.6µg/cm2, Enhancement factor (EF) =3.0 | Human epidermal membrane | 10205635 |
| 1250 | M-TRH | pGlu-3-methyl-HP | Liquid Scintillation Technique | Analogue of TRH i.e. M-TRH is a potent analogue and stimulates the release of TSH from the pituitary seven to eight times that of the parental tripeptide. | Permeability coefficient (Kp)= 6.8*105 cm/h, Cumulative amount= 8.6± 1.0 µg/cm2, Enhancement factor (EF) =0 | Human epidermal membrane | 10205635 |
| 1251 | Carboranyl pseudotetrapeptide analogue of the insect pyrokinin/PBAN neuropeptide family | TPRL | Cockroach Myotropic Bioassay and Pheromonotropic Assay (Topical) | Potent pheromonotropic/myotropic activity | ~ 23 ng/female, ED50=25pmol, Maximal response=60pmol | After the scales were removed, 1µl of peptide solution was applied to the surface of the cuticle and smoothed evenly over the prepared surface | 8844762 |
| 1252 | Carboranyl pseudotetrapeptide analogue of the insect pyrokinin/PBAN neuropeptide family | TPRL | Cockroach Myotropic Bioassay and Pheromonotropic Assay (Topical) | Potent pheromonotropic/myotropic activity | ~ 62 ng/female, ED50=25pmol, Maximal response=60pmol | After the scales were removed, 1µl of peptide solution was applied to the surface of the cuticle and smoothed evenly over the prepared surface | 8844762 |
| 1253 | Carboranyl pseudotetrapeptide analogue of the insect pyrokinin/PBAN neuropeptide family | TPRL | Cockroach Myotropic Bioassay and Pheromonotropic Assay (Topical) | Potent pheromonotropic/myotropic activity | ~ 70 ng/female, ED50=25pmol, Maximal response=60pmol | After the scales were removed, 1µl of peptide solution was applied to the surface of the cuticle and smoothed evenly over the prepared surface | 8844762 |
| 1254 | CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP(8-37) | VTHRLAGLLSRSGGM VKSNFVPTNVGSKAF | Photographed both hind paws using a micro-computer imaging device(MCID)-assessed analysis system. Immunostaining. Mann-Whitney U-test. | Regulation of blood flow, modulation of inflammation, and tissue remodelling | Effect of the CGRP-receptor antagonist CGRP(8-37)(~24.5 mm2) on the necrotic area in UV-damaged skin of the rat hindpaw compared to solvent applications(~36.5 mm2). | The dorsum of both hind paws were irradiated of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. | 8584255 |
| 1255 | CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP(8-37) | VTHRLAGLLSRSGGM VKSNFVPTNVGSKAF | Photographed both hind paws using a micro-computer imaging device(MCID)-assessed analysis system. Immunostaining. Mann-Whitney U-test. | Regulation of blood flow, modulation of inflammation, and tissue remodelling | Effect of the CGRP-receptor antagonist CGRP(8-37)(~17 mm2) on the necrotic area in UV-damaged skin of the rat hindpaw compared to solvent applications(~25 mm2). | The dorsum of both hind paws were irradiated of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. | 8584255 |
| 1256 | CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP(8-37) | VTHRLAGLLSRSGGM VKSNFVPTNVGSKAF | Photographed both hind paws using a micro-computer imaging device(MCID)-assessed analysis system. Immunostaining. Mann-Whitney U-test. | Regulation of blood flow, modulation of inflammation, and tissue remodelling | Effect of the CGRP-receptor antagonist CGRP(8-37)(~13 mm2) on the necrotic area in UV-damaged skin of the rat hindpaw compared to solvent applications(~16.5 mm2). | The dorsum of both hind paws were irradiated of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. | 8584255 |
| 1257 | CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP(8-37) | VTHRLAGLLSRSGGM VKSNFVPTNVGSKAF | Photographed both hind paws using a micro-computer imaging device(MCID)-assessed analysis system. Immunostaining. Mann-Whitney U-test. | Regulation of blood flow, modulation of inflammation, and tissue remodelling | Effect of the CGRP-receptor antagonist CGRP(8-37)(~12 mm2) on the necrotic area in UV-damaged skin of the rat hindpaw compared to solvent applications(~14 mm2). | The dorsum of both hind paws were irradiated of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. | 8584255 |
| 1258 | CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP(8-37) | VTHRLAGLLSRSGGM VKSNFVPTNVGSKAF | Photographed both hind paws using a micro-computer imaging device(MCID)-assessed analysis system. Immunostaining. Mann-Whitney U-test. | Regulation of blood flow, modulation of inflammation, and tissue remodelling | Effect of the CGRP-receptor antagonist CGRP(8-37)(~7 mm2) on the necrotic area in UV-damaged skin of the rat hindpaw compared to solvent applications(~13.5 mm2). | The dorsum of both hind paws were irradiated of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. | 8584255 |
| 1259 | Kallidin | KRPPGFSPFR | Painful sensation assessed in a visual analogue scale(VAS) | Potent inflammatory mediators produced during acute and chronic inflammation.They are released at high nanomolar concentrations into the tear-film of ocular allergic patients. | Algesic response: ~15(VAS value), the intensity of the sensation experienced with a single dose of capsaicin was considered the maximum value (i.e. 100) on the analogue scale, and all successive responses were scored in relation to this value. Maximal painful response was attained 1-2 minutes after drug administration and faded after 5 minutes. | Solution was applied by a micropipette into the nostril of thirty-four healthy volunteers of either sex | 8443036 |
| 1260 | Kallidin | KRPPGFSPFR | Painful sensation assessed in a visual analogue scale(VAS) | Potent inflammatory mediators produced during acute and chronic inflammation.They are released at high nanomolar concentrations into the tear-film of ocular allergic patients. | Algesic response: ~22(VAS value), the intensity of the sensation experienced with a single dose of capsaicin was considered the maximum value (i.e. 100) on the analogue scale, and all successive responses were scored in relation to this value. Maximal painful response was attained 1-2 minutes after drug administration and faded after 5 minutes. | Solution was applied by a micropipette into the nostril of thirty-four healthy volunteers of either sex | 8443036 |
| 1261 | Kallidin | KRPPGFSPFR | Painful sensation assessed in a visual analogue scale(VAS) | Potent inflammatory mediators produced during acute and chronic inflammation.They are released at high nanomolar concentrations into the tear-film of ocular allergic patients. | Pain response obtained in nostrils after capsaicin vehicle pretreatment: ~15.3(VAS value), the intensity of the sensation experienced with a single dose of capsaicin was considered the maximum value (i.e. 100) on the analogue scale, and all successive responses were scored in relation to this value. | Solution was applied by a micropipette into the nostril of thirty-four healthy volunteers of either sex | 8443036 |
| 1262 | Kallidin | KRPPGFSPFR | Painful sensation assessed in a visual analogue scale(VAS) | Potent inflammatory mediators produced during acute and chronic inflammation.They are released at high nanomolar concentrations into the tear-film of ocular allergic patients. | Pain response obtained in nostrils after capsaicin pretreatment((50 nmol in 50 µl, everyday for 5-7 days): ~10.7(VAS value), the intensity of the sensation experienced with a single dose of capsaicin was considered the maximum value (i.e. 100) on the analogue scale, and all successive responses were scored in relation to this value. | Solution was applied by a micropipette into the nostril of thirty-four healthy volunteers of either sex | 8443036 |
| 1263 | Kallidin | KRPPGFSPFR | Painful sensation assessed in a visual analogue scale(VAS) | Potent inflammatory mediators produced during acute and chronic inflammation.They are released at high nanomolar concentrations into the tear-film of ocular allergic patients. | Pain response obtained in nostrils after capsaicin vehicle pretreatment: ~22(VAS value), the intensity of the sensation experienced with a single dose of capsaicin was considered the maximum value (i.e. 100) on the analogue scale, and all successive responses were scored in relation to this value. | Solution was applied by a micropipette into the nostril of thirty-four healthy volunteers of either sex | 8443036 |
| 1264 | Kallidin | KRPPGFSPFR | Painful sensation assessed in a visual analogue scale(VAS) | Potent inflammatory mediators produced during acute and chronic inflammation.They are released at high nanomolar concentrations into the tear-film of ocular allergic patients. | Pain response obtained in nostrils after capsaicin pretreatment((50 nmol in 50 µl, everyday for 5-7 days): ~20(VAS value), the intensity of the sensation experienced with a single dose of capsaicin was considered the maximum value (i.e. 100) on the analogue scale, and all successive responses were scored in relation to this value. | Solution was applied by a micropipette into the nostril of thirty-four healthy volunteers of either sex | 8443036 |
| 1265 | Elcatonin | SNLST-Asu-VLGKLSQELH KLQTYPRTDVGAGTP | Calcium C-Test Wako kit, Ames method, Alkaline Phospha K-Test and ANOVA | It stimulates osteoblastic bone formation in addition to inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption | Parameters studied: Ca(mg/dl)- 8.83±0.20/8.94±0.17(control), P(mg/dl)- 5.32±0.35/5.58±0.55(control) and Alkaline phosphatase- 23.69±1.16/18.83±0.75(control) | Abdominal skin of female wistar rats | 8268857 |
| 1266 | Elcatonin | SNLST-Asu-VLGKLSQELH KLQTYPRTDVGAGTP | Calcium C-Test Wako kit, Ames method, Alkaline Phospha K-Test and ANOVA | It stimulates osteoblastic bone formation in addition to inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption | Parameters studied: Ca(mg/dl)- 8.80±0.27/8.94±0.17(control), P(mg/dl)- 5.22±0.36/5.58±0.55(control) and Alkaline phosphatase- 22.21±4.01/18.83±0.75(control) | Abdominal skin of female wistar rats | 8268857 |
| 1267 | Stearyl-VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQMAVKKYLNSILN | Radioactive assay, Measurement of number of cups | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Measurement of number of cups: Control:1.5 , Test:3 | In castrated testosterone treated rats | 8156912 |
| 1268 | Stearyl-VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQMAVKKYLNSILN | Radioactive assay, Measurement of number of cups | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Measurement of number of cups: Control:4 , Test:9 | In castrated testosterone treated rats | 8156912 |
| 1269 | Stearyl-VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQMAVKKYLNSILN | Radioactive assay, Measurement of number of cups | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Measurement of number of cups: Control:4.5 , Test:7.5 | In castrated testosterone treated rats | 8156912 |
| 1270 | Stearyl-VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQMAVKKYLNSILN | Radioactive assay, Measurement of number of cups | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Measurement of number of cups: Control:7 , Test:15 | In castrated testosterone treated rats | 8156912 |
| 1271 | Stearyl-VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQMAVKKYLNSILN | Radioactive assay, Measurement of E2(Erection) | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Measurement of E2(Erection): Control:15 , Test:26 | In castrated testosterone treated rats | 8156912 |
| 1272 | Stearyl-VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQMAVKKYLNSILN | Radioactive assay, Measurement of E2(Erection) | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Measurement of E2(Erection): Control:4 , Test:11 | In castrated testosterone treated rats | 8156912 |
| 1273 | Stearyl-VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQMAVKKYLNSILN | Radioactive assay, Measurement of E2(Erection) | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Measurement of E2(Erection): Control:6 , Test:12 | In castrated testosterone treated rats | 8156912 |
| 1274 | Stearyl-VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQMAVKKYLNSILN | Radioactive assay, Measurement of E2(Erection) | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Measurement of E2(Erection): Control:11 , Test:24 | In castrated testosterone treated rats | 8156912 |
| 1275 | Stearyl-VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQMAVKKYLNSILN | Radioactive assay, Measurement of latency of first cup | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Measurement of latency of first cup: Control:44 minutes , Test:38 minutes | In castrated testosterone treated rats | 8156912 |
| 1276 | Stearyl-VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQMAVKKYLNSILN | Radioactive assay, Measurement of latency of first cup | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Measurement of latency of first cup: Control:25.5 minutes , Test:19 minutes | In castrated testosterone treated rats | 8156912 |
| 1277 | Stearyl-VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQMAVKKYLNSILN | Radioactive assay, Measurement of latency of first cup | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Measurement of latency of first cup: Control:39 minutes , Test:32 minutes | In castrated testosterone treated rats | 8156912 |
| 1278 | Stearyl-VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQMAVKKYLNSILN | Radioactive assay, Measurement of latency of first cup | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Measurement of latency of first cup: Control:23 minutes , Test:15 minutes | In castrated testosterone treated rats | 8156912 |
| 1279 | Stearyl-VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQMAVKKYLNSILN | Radioactive assay, Measurement of latency of first E2(Erection) | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Measurement of latency of first E2(Erection): Control:29 minutes , Test:31 minutes | In castrated testosterone treated rats | 8156912 |
| 1280 | Stearyl-VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQMAVKKYLNSILN | Radioactive assay, Measurement of latency of first E2(Erection) | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Measurement of latency of first E2(Erection): Control:32 minutes , Test:16 minutes | In castrated testosterone treated rats | 8156912 |
| 1281 | Stearyl-VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQMAVKKYLNSILN | Radioactive assay, Measurement of latency of first E2(Erection) | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Measurement of latency of first E2(Erection): Control:9 minutes , Test:3 minutes | In castrated testosterone treated rats | 8156912 |
| 1282 | Stearyl-VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQMAVKKYLNSILN | Radioactive assay, Measurement of latency of first E2(Erection) | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Measurement of latency of first E2(Erection): Control:3.5 minutes , Test:2 minutes | In castrated testosterone treated rats | 8156912 |
| 1283 | Stearyl-Nle17- VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQ-Nle-AVKKYLNSILN | Radioactive assay, Measurement of number of cups | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Measurement of number of first cup: Control:7 minutes , Test:20.2 minutes | In castrated testosterone treated rats | 8156912 |
| 1284 | Stearyl-Nle17- VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQ-Nle-AVKKYLNSILN | Radioactive assay, Measurement of E2(Erection) | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Measurement of number of first E2(Erection): Control:11 minutes , Test:35 minutes | In castrated testosterone treated rats | 8156912 |
| 1285 | Stearyl-Nle17- VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQ-Nle-AVKKYLNSILN | Radioactive assay, Measurement of latency of first cup | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Measurement of latency of first cup: Control:23 minutes , Test:10 minutes | In castrated testosterone treated rats | 8156912 |
| 1286 | Stearyl-Nle17- VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQ-Nle-AVKKYLNSILN | Radioactive assay, Measurement of latency of first E2(Erection) | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Measurement of latency of first E2(Erection): Control:3.5 minutes , Test:1.9 minutes | In castrated testosterone treated rats | 8156912 |
| 1287 | Stearyl-Nle17- VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQ-Nle-AVKKYLNSILN | Radioactive assay | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Time course of distribution of radioactively labelled peptide: Control:6 minutes , Test:20 minutes | Three-month-old diabetic rats | 8156912 |
| 1288 | Stearyl-Nle17- VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQ-Nle-AVKKYLNSILN | Radioactive assay | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Time course of distribution of radioactively labelled peptide:Control:5.5 minutes , Test:21.5 minutes | Spontaneous high blood pressure rats(SHR) | 8156912 |
| 1289 | RGD peptide matrix | GrGDIPASSKGGGGS rLLLLLLr | At each visit, the ulcer was cleansed, debrided as needed, traced on acetate film for size determination, and photographed. Ulcer area was determined by computerized planimetry. Regression analysis was also done. | Acts as a temporary topical synthetic extracellular matrix that presents attachment sites for cells and substitutes for the damaged natural matrix and provides support for cell ingrowth into the ulcer site | Mean percent ulcer closure at study endpoint in ulcers of varying baseline durations ~ 57% (32 patients) | Patients were eligible for inclusion in the study if they presented with isolated full-thickness lower leg or ankle ulcers that did not involve bone or tendon and had persisted at least for one month. The peptide matrix is topically applied to the ulcers which were situated at the ankle | 8080985 |
| 1290 | RGD peptide matrix | GrGDIPASSKGGGGS rLLLLLLr | At each visit, the ulcer was cleansed, debrided as needed, traced on acetate film for size determination, and photographed. Ulcer area was determined by computerized planimetry. Regression analysis was also done. | Acts as a temporary topical synthetic extracellular matrix that presents attachment sites for cells and substitutes for the damaged natural matrix and provides support for cell ingrowth into the ulcer site | Mean percent ulcer closure at study endpoint in ulcers of varying baseline durations ~ 55% (23 patients) | Patients were eligible for inclusion in the study if they presented with isolated full-thickness lower leg or ankle ulcers that did not involve bone or tendon and had persisted at least for one month. The peptide matrix is topically applied to the ulcers which were situated at the ankle | 8080985 |
| 1291 | RGD peptide matrix | GrGDIPASSKGGGGS rLLLLLLr | At each visit, the ulcer was cleansed, debrided as needed, traced on acetate film for size determination, and photographed. Ulcer area was determined by computerized planimetry. Regression analysis was also done. | Acts as a temporary topical synthetic extracellular matrix that presents attachment sites for cells and substitutes for the damaged natural matrix and provides support for cell ingrowth into the ulcer site | Mean percent ulcer closure at study endpoint in ulcers of varying baseline durations ~ 54% (21 patients) | Patients were eligible for inclusion in the study if they presented with isolated full-thickness lower leg or ankle ulcers that did not involve bone or tendon and had persisted at least for one month. The peptide matrix is topically applied to the ulcers which were situated at the ankle | 8080985 |
| 1292 | RGD peptide matrix | GrGDIPASSKGGGGS rLLLLLLr | At each visit, the ulcer was cleansed, debrided as needed, traced on acetate film for size determination, and photographed. Ulcer area was determined by computerized planimetry. Regression analysis was also done. | Acts as a temporary topical synthetic extracellular matrix that presents attachment sites for cells and substitutes for the damaged natural matrix and provides support for cell ingrowth into the ulcer site | Mean percent ulcer closure at study endpoint in ulcers of varying baseline durations ~ 56% (20 patients) | Patients were eligible for inclusion in the study if they presented with isolated full-thickness lower leg or ankle ulcers that did not involve bone or tendon and had persisted at least for one month. The peptide matrix is topically applied to the ulcers which were situated at the ankle | 8080985 |
| 1293 | RGD peptide matrix | GrGDIPASSKGGGGS rLLLLLLr | At each visit, the ulcer was cleansed, debrided as needed, traced on acetate film for size determination, and photographed. Ulcer area was determined by computerized planimetry. Regression analysis was also done. | Acts as a temporary topical synthetic extracellular matrix that presents attachment sites for cells and substitutes for the damaged natural matrix and provides support for cell ingrowth into the ulcer site | Mean percent ulcer closure at study endpoint in ulcers of varying baseline durations ~ 58% (16 patients) | Patients were eligible for inclusion in the study if they presented with isolated full-thickness lower leg or ankle ulcers that did not involve bone or tendon and had persisted at least for one month. The peptide matrix is topically applied to the ulcers which were situated at the ankle | 8080985 |
| 1294 | RGD peptide matrix | GrGDIPASSKGGGGS rLLLLLLr | At each visit, the ulcer was cleansed, debrided as needed, traced on acetate film for size determination, and photographed. Ulcer area was determined by computerized planimetry. Regression analysis was also done. | Acts as a temporary topical synthetic extracellular matrix that presents attachment sites for cells and substitutes for the damaged natural matrix and provides support for cell ingrowth into the ulcer site | Mean percent ulcer closure at study endpoint in ulcers of varying baseline durations ~ 61% (14 patients) | Patients were eligible for inclusion in the study if they presented with isolated full-thickness lower leg or ankle ulcers that did not involve bone or tendon and had persisted at least for one month. The peptide matrix is topically applied to the ulcers which were situated at the ankle | 8080985 |
| 1295 | Nonapeptide P2 or AF-2 | HDMNKVLDL | MPO and NAG assays | Showed an anti-inflammatory effect in carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema, they inhibit pancreatic and Naja naja PLA2 in vitro and acute inflammatory processes induced by carrageenan or phorbol esters when administered locally or parenterally. | MPO levels(mU/ear)=Untreated(0.03)/Treated(1.72 ± 0.20), PGE2 levels(ng/ear)=Untreated(0)/Treated(83.2 ± 2.8), LTB4 levels(ng/ear)=Untreated(0)/Treated(15.2 ± 1.2) | Ear(auditory pinna) of male Swiss Webster mice | 7646536 |
| 1296 | Nonapeptide P2 or AF-2 | HDMNKVLDL | MPO and NAG assays | Showed an anti-inflammatory effect in carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema, they inhibit pancreatic and Naja naja PLA2 in vitro and acute inflammatory processes induced by carrageenan or phorbol esters when administered locally or parenterally. | MPO levels(mU/ear)=Untreated(0.03)/Treated(1.73 ± 0.13), PGE2 levels(ng/ear)=Untreated(0)/Treated(79.2 ± 3.1), LTB4 levels(ng/ear)=Untreated(0)/Treated(17.6 ± 1.3) | Ear(auditory pinna) of male Swiss Webster mice | 7646536 |
| 1297 | Nonapeptide P2 or AF-2 | HDMNKVLDL | MPO and NAG assays | Showed an anti-inflammatory effect in carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema, they inhibit pancreatic and Naja naja PLA2 in vitro and acute inflammatory processes induced by carrageenan or phorbol esters when administered locally or parenterally. | MPO levels(mU/ear)=Untreated(0.03)/Treated(1.68 ± 0.21), PGE2 levels(ng/ear)=Untreated(0)/Treated(80.1 ± 3.2), LTB4 levels(ng/ear)=Untreated(0)/Treated(18.1 ± 2.2) | Ear(auditory pinna) of male Swiss Webster mice | 7646536 |
| 1298 | Nonapeptide P2 or AF-2 | HDMNKVLDL | MPO and NAG assays | Showed an anti-inflammatory effect in carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema, they inhibit pancreatic and Naja naja PLA2 in vitro and acute inflammatory processes induced by carrageenan or phorbol esters when administered locally or parenterally. | MPO levels(mU/ear)=Untreated(0.02)/Treated(48.2 ± 3.2), NAG levels(mU/ear)=Untreated(23.1 ± 1.1)/Treated(39.1 ± 3.1), 6-keto-PGF1α(pg/ear)=Untreated(198 ± 22)/Treated(381 ± 31), LTB4 levels(pg/ear)=Untreated(0.30)/Treated(893 ± 161) | Ear(auditory pinna) of male Swiss Webster mice | 7646536 |
| 1299 | Nonapeptide P2 or AF-2 | HDMNKVLDL | MPO and NAG assays | Showed an anti-inflammatory effect in carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema, they inhibit pancreatic and Naja naja PLA2 in vitro and acute inflammatory processes induced by carrageenan or phorbol esters when administered locally or parenterally. | MPO levels(mU/ear)=Untreated(0.02)/Treated(42.7 ± 3.1), NAG levels(mU/ear)=Untreated(23.1 ± 1.1)/Treated(30.9 ± 2.9), 6-keto-PGF1α(pg/ear)=Untreated(198 ± 22)/Treated(Not defined), LTB4 levels(pg/ear)=Untreated(0.30)/Treated(697 ± 131) | Ear(auditory pinna) of male Swiss Webster mice | 7646536 |
| 1300 | Nonapeptide P2 or AF-2 | HDMNKVLDL | MPO and NAG assays | Showed an anti-inflammatory effect in carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema, they inhibit pancreatic and Naja naja PLA2 in vitro and acute inflammatory processes induced by carrageenan or phorbol esters when administered locally or parenterally. | MPO levels(mU/ear)=Untreated(0.02)/Treated(38.2 ± 2.5), NAG levels(mU/ear)=Untreated(23.1 ± 1.1)/Treated(27.1 ± 2.6), 6-keto-PGF1α(pg/ear)=Untreated(198 ± 22)/Treated(254 ± 26), LTB4 levels(pg/ear)=Untreated(0.30)/Treated(523 ± 128) | Ear(auditory pinna) of male Swiss Webster mice | 7646536 |
| 1301 | α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) | SYSMEHFRWGKPV | Light and electron microscopy | Controls pigmentary changes in many vertebrates and melanin synthesis within epidermal melanocytes is responsible for melanin pigmentation of the skin, hair, and feathers in man, birds and other mammals. | 10-7 and 10-8 concentrations turned yellow hair brown | Melanotropin dose was applied on the shaved skin of C57BL/6AY mice which stimulated the yellow hair to turn yellow which was observed at other untouched areas proving systemic effect | 3684299 |
| 1302 | [Nle4, D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH | SYS-Nle-EHfRWGKPV | Light and electron microscopy | The analogue is superpotent, being 10- 1000 times more active than the native hormone | 10-7 to 10-12 concentrations turned yellow hair brown | Melanotropin dose was applied on the shaved skin of C57BL/6AY mice which stimulated the yellow hair to turn yellow which was observed at other untouched areas proving systemic effect | 3684299 |
| 1303 | [Nle4, D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH4-11 | Nle-EHfRWGK | Light and electron microscopy | Not mentioned | 10-8 to 10-14 concentrations turned yellow hair brown | Melanotropin dose was applied on the shaved skin of C57BL/6AY mice which stimulated the yellow hair to turn yellow which was observed at other untouched areas proving systemic effect | 3684299 |
| 1304 | [Nle4, D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH4-10 | Nle-EHfRWG | Light and electron microscopy | Not mentioned | 10-8 to 10-14 concentrations turned yellow hair brown | Melanotropin dose was applied on the shaved skin of C57BL/6AY mice which stimulated the yellow hair to turn yellow which was observed at other untouched areas proving systemic effect | 3684299 |
| 1305 | Alpha-MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) | SYSMEHFRWGKPV | Electron microscopy and Light microscopy | Stimulates melanogenesis | Concentrations (10-7 M-10-15 M) induced the emergent hairs to become brown at the sites of application. | dorsal trunk of mice (C57BL/6JA y) | 3624899 |
| 1306 | (Nle4, D-Phe7]-α-MSH | SYS-Nle-EHfRWGKPV | Electron microscopy and Light microscopy | the melanotropin analogs stimulated follicular eumelanogenesis when applied topically to the skin of mice | Concentrations (10-7 M-10-15 M) induced the emergent hairs to become brown at the sites of application. | dorsal trunk of mice (C57BL/6JA y) | 3624899 |
| 1307 | Ac-[Nle4, D-Phe7]-α- MSH4–11-NH2 | Nle-EHfFRWGK | Electron microscopy and Light microscopy | the melanotropin analogs stimulated follicular eumelanogenesis when applied topically to the skin of mice | Concentrations (10-7 M-10-15 M) induced the emergent hairs to become brown at the sites of application. | dorsal trunk of mice (C57BL/6JA y) | 3624899 |
| 1308 | Ac-[Nle4, D-Phe7]-α-MSH4–10-NH2 | Nle-EH-FRWG | Electron microscopy and Light microscopy | the melanotropin analogs stimulated follicular eumelanogenesis when applied topically to the skin of mice | Concentrations (10-7 M-10-15 M) induced the emergent hairs to become brown at the sites of application. | dorsal trunk of mice (C57BL/6JA y) | 3624899 |
| 1309 | α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) | SYSMEHFRWGKPV | Electron microscopic examination | Controls pigmentary changes in many vertebrates and melanin synthesis within epidermal melanocytes is responsible for melanin pigmentation of the skin, hair, and feathers in man, birds and other mammals. | Minimal effective dose=10-8to10-9M. It stimulated eumelanogenesis in all hair emerging from the areas previously plucked. | Posterior dorsum of mice (C57BL/6JA y) | 3573985 |
| 1310 | (Nle4, D-Phe7)-a-MSH | SYS-Nle-EHfRWGKPV | Electron microscopic examination | The analogue is superpotent, being 10- 1000 times more active than the native hormone | Minimal effective dose=10-12M. It is transdermally delivered systemically to hair follicles throughout the body to induce follicular melanogenesis. Microscopic examination revealed eumelanin within hair bulbs by 24 hours after topical application of the analogue. | Posterior dorsum of mice (C57BL/6JA y) | 3573985 |
| 1311 | [Nle4, D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH | SYS-Nle-EHfRWGKPV | Frog Skin Bioassay | A superpotent(10-1000 times) analogue of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, it causes a very long lasting stimulation of melanocytes in vitro and in vivo, its nonbiodegradeable and it is resistant to enzymatic inactivation by sera, brain enzymes or purified proteolytic enzymes. | Percent positive samples of transdermal delivery :65% (15/23) | Full thickness skin samples (approximately 1 and a half" in diameter) were removed from the trunk area of either black or yellow adult C57BL/6JAy mice killed by cervical dislocation | 2845208 |
| 1312 | [Nle4, D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH | SYS-Nle-EHfRWGKPV | Radioimmunoassay | A superpotent(10-1000 times) analogue of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, it causes a very long lasting stimulation of melanocytes in vitro and in vivo, its nonbiodegradeable and it is resistant to enzymatic inactivation by sera, brain enzymes or purified proteolytic enzymes. | Percent positive samples of transdermal delivery :85% (11/13) | Full thickness skin samples (approximately 1 and a half" in diameter) were removed from the trunk area of either black or yellow adult C57BL/6JAy mice killed by cervical dislocation | 2845208 |
| 1313 | [Nle4, D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH | SYS-Nle-EHfRWGKPV | Frog Skin Bioassay | A superpotent(10-1000 times) analogue of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, it causes a very long lasting stimulation of melanocytes in vitro and in vivo, its nonbiodegradeable and it is resistant to enzymatic inactivation by sera, brain enzymes or purified proteolytic enzymes. | Percent positive samples of transdermal delivery :6.6% (1/15) | Full thickness skin samples (approximately 1 and a half" in diameter) were removed from the trunk area of mature Sprague Dawley rats. | 2845208 |
| 1314 | [Nle4, D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH | SYS-Nle-EHfRWGKPV | Radioimmunoassay | A superpotent(10-1000 times) analogue of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, it causes a very long lasting stimulation of melanocytes in vitro and in vivo, its nonbiodegradeable and it is resistant to enzymatic inactivation by sera, brain enzymes or purified proteolytic enzymes. | Percent positive samples of transdermal delivery :11.8% (2/17) | Full thickness skin samples (approximately 1 and a half" in diameter) were removed from the trunk area of mature Sprague Dawley rats. | 2845208 |
| 1315 | [Nle4, D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH | SYS-Nle-EHfRWGKPV | Frog Skin Bioassay, radioimmunoassay and microscopy | A superpotent(10-1000 times) analogue of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, it causes a very long lasting stimulation of melanocytes in vitro and in vivo, its nonbiodegradeable and it is resistant to enzymatic inactivation by sera, brain enzymes or purified proteolytic enzymes. | Transdermal delivery of 0.05% | Full thickness skin samples (approximately 1 and a half" in diameter) were removed from the trunk area of either black or yellow adult C57BL/6JAy mice killed by cervical dislocation | 2845208 |
| 1316 | [Nle4, D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH | SYS-Nle-EHfRWGKPV | Frog Skin Bioassay, radioimmunoassay and microscopy | A superpotent(10-1000 times) analogue of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, it causes a very long lasting stimulation of melanocytes in vitro and in vivo, its nonbiodegradeable and it is resistant to enzymatic inactivation by sera, brain enzymes or purified proteolytic enzymes. | Transdermal delivery of 0.08% | Full thickness skin samples (approximately 1 and a half" in diameter) were removed from the trunk area of either black or yellow adult C57BL/6JAy mice killed by cervical dislocation | 2845208 |
| 1317 | α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) | SYSMEHFRWGKPV | Indirect immunoperoxidase and indirect immunofluorescence staining | It acts as an antagonist to interleukin 1 (IL-1) bioactivities such as inhibition of fever production, thymocyte proliferation, and inhibition of release of acute phase inflammatory molecules from the liver. | Phenotypic markers: Ia=408 ± 19 , Thy1.2=340 ± 15 and Asialo GM-1=465 ± 18 | Dorsal surface of the ear of five to seven-wk-old male C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice | 2550560 |
| 1318 | des-enkephalin-ƴ-endorphin(DEƴE) | TSEKSQTPLVTL | Radioactive assay | A highly potent neuropeptide which has been implicated in schizophrenic psychoses | Permeability coefficient:86±30*105 cm/hour, flux of radiolabelled material: 1130±400*1012 mol/hour/cm2 | Deglycerinized human cadaver skin | 2533571 |
| 1319 | des-enkephalin-ƴ-endorphin(DEƴE) | TSEKSQTPLVTL | Radioactive assay | A highly potent neuropeptide which has been implicated in schizophrenic psychoses | Permeability coefficient:1.2±0.4*105 cm/hour, flux of radiolabelled material: 1.1±0.4*1012 mol/hour/cm2 | Human stratum corneum | 2533571 |
| 1320 | des-enkephalin-ƴ-endorphin(DEƴE) | TSEKSQTPLVTL | Radioactive assay | A highly potent neuropeptide which has been implicated in schizophrenic psychoses | Permeability coefficient:1.9*105 cm/hour, flux of radiolabelled material:2.7*1012 mol/hour/cm2 | Human stratum corneum | 2533571 |
| 1321 | des-enkephalin-ƴ-endorphin(DEƴE) | TSEKSQTPLVTL | Radioactive assay | A highly potent neuropeptide which has been implicated in schizophrenic psychoses | Permeability coefficient:4.7*105 cm/hour, flux of radiolabelled material:4.2*1012 mol/hour/cm2 | Human stratum corneum | 2533571 |
| 1322 | Muramyl tripeptide-phosphatidylethanolamine (MTP-PE, CGP 19835) | A-isoGln-A | Plaque reduction assay using calf kidney cells | MTP-PE is a stimulator of innate immunity and a synthetic molecule derived from muramyl dipeptide (MDP). MTP-PE results from the covalent addition of alanin and dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine to MDP , which is a peptidoglycan found in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell walls. | Initial symptomatology to Herpes simplex 2/Angelotti is milder, the local disease is significantly mitigated by MTP-PE (P≤ 0.05). Recovery is accelerated and animal becomes asymptomatic by day 15-20. | Tif:DHP Dunking-Hartley Pirbright guinea pigs. After slight abrasion of the vaginal mucosa, a piece of fibrin foam impregnated with virus suspension was introduced into the vagina. | 2433236 |
| 1323 | Muramyl tripeptide-phosphatidylethanolamine (MTP-PE, CGP 19835) | A-isoGln-A | Plaque reduction assay using calf kidney cells | MTP-PE is a stimulator of innate immunity and a synthetic molecule derived from muramyl dipeptide (MDP). MTP-PE results from the covalent addition of alanin and dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine to MDP , which is a peptidoglycan found in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell walls. | Initial symptomatology to Herpes simplex 2/Alabama is milder, the local disease is significantly mitigated by MTP-PE (P≤ 0.05). Recovery is accelerated and animal becomes asymptomatic by day 15-20. | Tif:DHP Dunking-Hartley Pirbright guinea pigs. After slight abrasion of the vaginal mucosa, a piece of fibrin foam impregnated with virus suspension was introduced into the vagina. | 2433236 |
| 1324 | Muramyl tripeptide-phosphatidylethanolamine (MTP-PE, CGP 19835) | A-isoGln-A | Plaque reduction assay using calf kidney cells | MTP-PE is a stimulator of innate immunity and a synthetic molecule derived from muramyl dipeptide (MDP). MTP-PE results from the covalent addition of alanin and dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine to MDP , which is a peptidoglycan found in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell walls. | Initial symptomatology to Herpes simplex 2/MS is milder, the local disease is significantly mitigated by MTP-PE (P≤ 0.05). Recovery is accelerated and animal becomes asymptomatic by day 15-20. | Tif:DHP Dunking-Hartley Pirbright guinea pigs. After slight abrasion of the vaginal mucosa, a piece of fibrin foam impregnated with virus suspension was introduced into the vagina. | 2433236 |
| 1325 | Leu-enkephalin | YGGFL | HPLC | Leu-enkephalin is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter that is found naturally in the brains of many animals, including humans. | 0.01% GFL of the parent peptide | Full-thickness hairless mouse skin was excised from the fresh carcasses | 2293206 |
| 1326 | Leu-enkephalin | YGGFL | HPLC | Leu-enkephalin is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter that is found naturally in the brains of many animals, including humans. | 0.03% GGFL of the parent peptide | Full-thickness hairless mouse skin was excised from the fresh carcasses | 2293206 |
| 1327 | Leu-enkephalin | YGGFL | HPLC | Leu-enkephalin is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter that is found naturally in the brains of many animals, including humans. | 0.035% FL of the parent peptide | Full-thickness hairless mouse skin was excised from the fresh carcasses | 2293206 |
| 1328 | Leu-enkephalin | YGGFL | HPLC | Leu-enkephalin is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter that is found naturally in the brains of many animals, including humans. | 0.1% YGGFL of the parent peptide | Full-thickness hairless mouse skin was excised from the fresh carcasses | 2293206 |
| 1329 | YGGFL analogue | YaGFL | HPLC | Leu-enkephalin is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter that is found naturally in the brains of many animals, including humans. | 1% aGFL of the parent peptide | Full-thickness hairless mouse skin was excised from the fresh carcasses | 2293206 |
| 1330 | YGGFL analogue | YaGFL | HPLC | Leu-enkephalin is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter that is found naturally in the brains of many animals, including humans. | 18.5% YaGFL of the parent peptide | Full-thickness hairless mouse skin was excised from the fresh carcasses | 2293206 |
| 1331 | YGGFL analogue | YaGFL | HPLC | Leu-enkephalin is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter that is found naturally in the brains of many animals, including humans. | 3.75% aGFL of the parent peptide | Full-thickness hairless mouse skin was excised from the fresh carcasses | 2293206 |
| 1332 | YGGFL analogue | YaGFL | HPLC | Leu-enkephalin is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter that is found naturally in the brains of many animals, including humans. | 10.75% YaGFL of the parent peptide | Full-thickness hairless mouse skin was excised from the fresh carcasses | 2293206 |
| 1333 | (Nle4, D-Phe7)-a-MSH | SYS-Nle-EHfRWGKPV | Frog Skin Bioassay | The analogue is superpotent, being 10- 1000 times more active than the native hormone, a-MSH, in several bioassays | Head and neck(85.7%), Trunk(8.7%),Leg(25%) | Stratum corneum of human skin samples (obtained from freshly excised surgical specimens) | 2155969 |
| 1334 | (Nle4, D-Phe7)-a-MSH | SYS-Nle-EHfRWGKPV | Radioimmunoassay | The analogue is superpotent, being 10- 1000 times more active than the native hormone, a-MSH, in several bioassays | Head and neck(78.6%), Trunk(8.8%),Leg(33.3%) | Stratum corneum of human skin samples (obtained from freshly excised surgical specimens) | 2155969 |
| 1335 | Elcatonin | SNLST-Asu-VLGKLSQEL HKLQTYPRTDVGAGTP | o-cresolphthalein complexone method using Calcium C-Test Wako and 0.01 ml plasma, pharmacokinetic and statistical analysis | It stimulates osteoblastic bone formation in addition to inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption | Area under the curve(mg.h/dl)=30.99±11.75 , Area under the first moment curve(mg.h2/dl)=371.41±159.80 , The mean residence time(h)=12.06±1.99 , Apparent bioavailability(%)=2.68. | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Wistar rats(0.5g ointment/4 cm2/rat) | 2054872 |
| 1336 | Elcatonin | SNLST-Asu-VLGKLSQEL HKLQTYPRTDVGAGTP | o-cresolphthalein complexone method using Calcium C-Test Wako and 0.01 ml plasma, pharmacokinetic and statistical analysis | It stimulates osteoblastic bone formation in addition to inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption | Area under the curve(mg.h/dl)=46.25±19.25 , Area under the first moment curve(mg.h2/dl)=623.71±233.74 , The mean residence time(h)=13.81±2.36 , Apparent bioavailability(%)=3.99. | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Wistar rats(0.5g ointment/4 cm2/rat) | 2054872 |
| 1337 | Elcatonin | SNLST-Asu-VLGKLSQEL HKLQTYPRTDVGAGTP | o-cresolphthalein complexone method using Calcium C-Test Wako and 0.01 ml plasma, pharmacokinetic and statistical analysis | It stimulates osteoblastic bone formation in addition to inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption | Area under the curve(mg.h/dl)=36.13±21.93 , Area under the first moment curve(mg.h2/dl)=445.49±248.06 , The mean residence time(h)=12.83±1.68 , Apparent bioavailability(%)=3.12. | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Wistar rats(0.5g ointment/4 cm2/rat) | 2054872 |
| 1338 | Elcatonin | SNLST-Asu-VLGKLSQEL HKLQTYPRTDVGAGTP | o-cresolphthalein complexone method using Calcium C-Test Wako and 0.01 ml plasma, pharmacokinetic and statistical analysis | It stimulates osteoblastic bone formation in addition to inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption | Area under the curve(mg.h/dl)=17.25±10.07 , Area under the first moment curve(mg.h2/dl)=271.52±106.34 , The mean residence time(h)=18.16±6.19 , Apparent bioavailability(%)=1.49. | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Wistar rats(0.5g ointment/4 cm2/rat) | 2054872 |
| 1339 | Elcatonin | SNLST-Asu-VLGKLSQEL HKLQTYPRTDVGAGTP | o-cresolphthalein complexone method using Calcium C-Test Wako and 0.01 ml plasma, pharmacokinetic and statistical analysis | It stimulates osteoblastic bone formation in addition to inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption | Area under the curve(mg.h/dl)=53.50±14.96 , Area under the first moment curve(mg.h2/dl)=752.04±298.40 , The mean residence time(h)=13.66±3.46 , Apparent bioavailability(%)=4.62. | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Wistar rats(0.5g ointment/4 cm2/rat) | 2054872 |
| 1340 | Elcatonin | SNLST-Asu-VLGKLSQEL HKLQTYPRTDVGAGTP | o-cresolphthalein complexone method using Calcium C-Test Wako and 0.01 ml plasma, pharmacokinetic and statistical analysis | It stimulates osteoblastic bone formation in addition to inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption | Area under the curve(mg.h/dl)=31.97±17.89 , Area under the first moment curve(mg.h2/dl)=505.37±238.24 , The mean residence time(h)=16.32±2.35 , Apparent bioavailability(%)=2.76. | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Wistar rats(0.5g ointment/4 cm2/rat) | 2054872 |
| 1341 | Elcatonin | SNLST-Asu-VLGKLSQEL HKLQTYPRTDVGAGTP | o-cresolphthalein complexone method using Calcium C-Test Wako and 0.01 ml plasma, pharmacokinetic and statistical analysis | It stimulates osteoblastic bone formation in addition to inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption | Area under the curve(mg.h/dl)=40.85±20.01 , Area under the first moment curve(mg.h2/dl)=513.32±292.53 , The mean residence time(h)=12.34±2.37 , Apparent bioavailability(%)=3.53. | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Wistar rats(0.5g ointment/4 cm2/rat) | 2054872 |
| 1342 | Elcatonin | SNLST-Asu-VLGKLSQEL HKLQTYPRTDVGAGTP | o-cresolphthalein complexone method using Calcium C-Test Wako and 0.01 ml plasma, pharmacokinetic and statistical analysis | It stimulates osteoblastic bone formation in addition to inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption | Area under the curve(mg.h/dl)=26.40±20.66 , Area under the first moment curve(mg.h2/dl)=341.64±271.20 , The mean residence time(h)=13.91±3.02 , Apparent bioavailability(%)=2.28. | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Wistar rats(0.5g ointment/4 cm2/rat) | 2054872 |
| 1343 | Elcatonin | SNLST-Asu-VLGKLSQEL HKLQTYPRTDVGAGTP | o-cresolphthalein complexone method using Calcium C-Test Wako and 0.01 ml plasma, pharmacokinetic and statistical analysis | It stimulates osteoblastic bone formation in addition to inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption | Area under the curve(mg.h/dl)=35.0216.72 , Area under the first moment curve(mg.h2/dl)=433.42±114.39 , The mean residence time(h)=13.37±3.66 , Apparent bioavailability(%)=3.02. | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Wistar rats(0.5g ointment/4 cm2/rat) | 2054872 |
| 1344 | Elcatonin | SNLST-Asu-VLGKLSQEL HKLQTYPRTDVGAGTP | o-cresolphthalein complexone method using Calcium C-Test Wako and 0.01 ml plasma, pharmacokinetic and statistical analysis | It stimulates osteoblastic bone formation in addition to inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption | Area under the curve(mg.h/dl)=35.23±33.53 , Area under the first moment curve(mg.h2/dl)=490.35±444.31 , The mean residence time(h)=16.31±6.88 , Apparent bioavailability(%)=3.04. | Stratum corneum of the abdominal area of male Wistar rats(0.5g ointment/4 cm2/rat) | 2054872 |
| 1345 | Epidermal pentapeptide | pGlu-EDSG | Colcemid-arrested mitoses and labelled cells were counted per 12 mm of interfollicular epidermis in 5 pm paraffin sections stationed with haematoxylin in the former and dipcoated with NTB 2 emulsion and incubated for 3 weeks at 0-4 ͦC for later. The statistical evaluations were made according to the Wilcoxon's rank sum test. | It induces a moderate but long-lasting inhibition of epidermal cell proliferation when given at low (picomol) doses but stimulates epidermal cell proliferation at higher doses | Significant mitotic rate inhibition initially and on day 7 after an overshoot on day 6 | Back skin of female hairless mice (hr/hr) | 1977237 |
| 1346 | Epidermal pentapeptide | pGlu-EDSG | Colcemid-arrested mitoses and labelled cells were counted per 12 mm of interfollicular epidermis in 5 pm paraffin sections stationed with haematoxylin in the former and dipcoated with NTB 2 emulsion and incubated for 3 weeks at 0-4 ͦC for later. The statistical evaluations were made according to the Wilcoxon's rank sum test. | It induces a moderate but long-lasting inhibition of epidermal cell proliferation when given at low (picomol) doses but stimulates epidermal cell proliferation at higher doses | Initial increase in mitotic rate, peaking on day 2, from day 2 to day 10, mitotic rate was lower than normal. | Back skin of female hairless mice (hr/hr) | 1977237 |
| 1347 | Epidermal pentapeptide | pGlu-EDSG | Colcemid-arrested mitoses and labelled cells were counted per 12 mm of interfollicular epidermis in 5 pm paraffin sections stationed with haematoxylin in the former and dipcoated with NTB 2 emulsion and incubated for 3 weeks at 0-4 ͦC for later. The statistical evaluations were made according to the Wilcoxon's rank sum test. | It induces a moderate but long-lasting inhibition of epidermal cell proliferation when given at low (picomol) doses but stimulates epidermal cell proliferation at higher doses | The mitotic rate was strongly increased with peaks at days 1, 3 and 6 (twice the control value). | Back skin of female hairless mice (hr/hr) | 1977237 |
| 1348 | Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQMAVKKYLNSILN | Labelled peptide was detected and quantified by measuring radioactivity in a gamma counter | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. | 0.6% of the applied material was found in the penile tissue | Rats with reduced sexual potential due to castration were employed for topical application on their penile organ. | 1522236 |
| 1349 | Stearyl-VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQMAVKKYLNSILN | Labelled peptide was detected and quantified by measuring radioactivity in a gamma counter | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | 5% of the applied material was found in the penile tissue | Rats with reduced sexual potential due to castration were employed for topical application on their penile organ. | 1522236 |
| 1350 | Stearyl-VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQMAVKKYLNSILN | Labelled peptide was detected and quantified by measuring radioactivity in a gamma counter | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | 2.5% of the applied material was found in the penile tissue | Rats with reduced sexual potential due to castration were employed for topical application on their penile organ. | 1522236 |
| 1351 | Stearyl-VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQMAVKKYLNSILN | Labelled peptide was detected and quantified by measuring radioactivity in a gamma counter | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | 1.25% of the applied material was found in the penile tissue | Rats with reduced sexual potential due to castration were employed for topical application on their penile organ. | 1522236 |
| 1352 | Stearyl-VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQMAVKKYLNSILN | Radiolabelling assay is used to determine incorporation per 10 ml blood as a percentage of the total radioactivity applied using gamma counter. | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Approximately 0.6% incorporation per 10 ml blood as a percentage of the total radioactivity applied | Rats with reduced sexual potential due to castration were employed for topical application on their penile organ to check sytemic dispersion. | 1522236 |
| 1353 | Stearyl-VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQMAVKKYLNSILN | Radiolabelling assay is used to determine incorporation per 10 ml blood as a percentage of the total radioactivity applied using gamma counter. | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Approximately 0.55% incorporation per 10 ml blood as a percentage of the total radioactivity applied | Rats with reduced sexual potential due to castration were employed for topical application on their penile organ to check sytemic dispersion. | 1522236 |
| 1354 | Stearyl-VIP | HSDAVFTDNYTRLR KQMAVKKYLNSILN | Radiolabelling assay is used to determine incorporation per 10 ml blood as a percentage of the total radioactivity applied using gamma counter. | A key penile neurotransmitter, induces erection after local injection in man. Significantly increased sexual function as measured by copulatory activity and penile reflexes(erections) in testosterone-treated, castrated rats. | Approximately 0.4% incorporation per 10 ml blood as a percentage of the total radioactivity applied | Rats with reduced sexual potential due to castration were employed for topical application on their penile organ to check sytemic dispersion. | 1522236 |
| 1355 | Human α thrombin | TFGSGEADCGLRPLFE KKSLEDKTERELLESY IDGRIVEGSDAEIGMS PWQVMLFRKSPQELLC GASLISDRWVLTAAHC LLYPPWDKNFTENDLL VRIGKHSRTRYERNIE KISMLEKIYIHPRYNW RENLDRDIALMKLKKP VAFSDYIHPVCLPDRE TAASLLQAGYKGRVTG WGNLKETWTANVGKGQ PSVLQVVNLPIVERPV CKDSTRIRITDNMFCA GYKPDEGKRGDACEG | Histological examination and numerical scoring of cellular and tissue parameters of wound healing. A 7 day incisional breaking strength was measured. | Thromboplastin activation product of prothrombin with high clotting and esterase activity. | 26% increase in breaking strength, P value of < 0.013, histology demonstrated a more advanced state of healing | A single 6-cm vertical incision was made on the dorsal midline or a parallel pair of 6-cm incisions were cut 1.5 cm to either side of the midline of acclimatized adult male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats. The wound was closed with three simple interrupted sutures placed 1.5cm apart and later received a single peptide dose. | 1373740 |
| 1356 | Human α thrombin | TFGSGEADCGLRPLFE KKSLEDKTERELLESY IDGRIVEGSDAEIGMS PWQVMLFRKSPQELLC GASLISDRWVLTAAHC LLYPPWDKNFTENDLL VRIGKHSRTRYERNIE KISMLEKIYIHPRYNW RENLDRDIALMKLKKP VAFSDYIHPVCLPDRE TAASLLQAGYKGRVTG WGNLKETWTANVGKGQ PSVLQVVNLPIVERPV CKDSTRIRITDNMFCA GYKPDEGKRGDACEG | Histological examination and numerical scoring of cellular and tissue parameters of wound healing. A 14 day incisional breaking strength was measured. | Thromboplastin activation product of prothrombin with high clotting and esterase activity. | Increased breaking strength of approximately 60%, (P < 0.03) | A single 6-cm vertical incision was made on the dorsal midline or a parallel pair of 6-cm incisions were cut 1.5 cm to either side of the midline of acclimatized adult male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats. The wound was closed with three simple interrupted sutures placed 1.5cm apart and later received a single peptide dose. | 1373740 |
| 1357 | TRAP-508 | AGYKPDEGKRGDACE GDSGGPFV | Histological examination and numerical scoring of cellular and tissue parameters of wound healing and determining incisional breaking strength. | Thromboplastin activation product of prothrombin with high clotting and esterase activity. | 41% increase in breaking strength, P< 0.001, at 500 pmol/cm, histology demonstrated a more advanced state of healing, ratio test/saline control of incisional breaking strength is 1.37±0.39 | A single 6-cm vertical incision was made on the dorsal midline or a parallel pair of 6-cm incisions were cut 1.5 cm to either side of the midline of acclimatized adult male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats. The wound was closed with three simple interrupted sutures placed 1.5cm apart and later received a single peptide dose. | 1373740 |
| 1358 | TRAP-508b | AGYKPDEGKRGDACE GDSGGPFV | Histological examination and numerical scoring of cellular and tissue parameters of wound healing and determining incisional breaking strength. | Thromboplastin activation product of prothrombin with high clotting and esterase activity. | Increased breaking strength > 80% over control values at day 7, P<0.001 | A single 6-cm vertical incision was made on the dorsal midline or a parallel pair of 6-cm incisions were cut 1.5 cm to either side of the midline of acclimatized adult male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats. The wound was closed with three simple interrupted sutures placed 1.5cm apart and later received a single peptide dose. | 1373740 |
| 1359 | TRAP-508b | AGYKPDEGKRGDACE GDSGGPFV | Histological examination and numerical scoring of cellular and tissue parameters of wound healing and determining incisional breaking strength. | Thromboplastin activation product of prothrombin with high clotting and esterase activity. | 39% increase over control breaking strength(P < 0.001) | A single 6-cm vertical incision was made on the dorsal midline or a parallel pair of 6-cm incisions were cut 1.5 cm to either side of the midline of acclimatized adult male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats. The wound was closed with three simple interrupted sutures placed 1.5cm apart and later received a single peptide dose. | 1373740 |
| 1360 | TRAP-508b | AGYKPDEGKRGDACE GDSGGPFV | Histological examination and numerical scoring of cellular and tissue parameters of wound healing and determining incisional breaking strength. | Thromboplastin activation product of prothrombin with high clotting and esterase activity. | 18% increase over control breaking strength (P< 0.002) | A single 6-cm vertical incision was made on the dorsal midline or a parallel pair of 6-cm incisions were cut 1.5 cm to either side of the midline of acclimatized adult male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats. The wound was closed with three simple interrupted sutures placed 1.5cm apart and later received a single peptide dose. | 1373740 |
| 1361 | TRAP analogue p514-523 | EGKRGDACEG | Histological examination and numerical scoring of cellular and tissue parameters of wound healing and determining incisional breaking strength. | Thromboplastin activation product of prothrombin with high clotting and esterase activity. | Incisional breaking strength of 0.97±0.25 (ratio test/saline control) | Two parallel 6-cm full dermal incisions were cut through the backs of anesthetized and depilitated acclimatized adult male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats. The incisions were closed with three interrupted sutures and treated on alternating sides with test peptide and control. | 1373740 |
| 1362 | Peptide P-19 | APRLRFKPIC | Histological examination and numerical scoring of cellular and tissue parameters of wound healing and determining incisional breaking strength. | Thromboplastin activation product of prothrombin with high clotting and esterase activity. | Incisional breaking strength of 1.03±0.31(ratio test/saline control) | Two parallel 6-cm full dermal incisions were cut through the backs of anesthetized and depilitated acclimatized adult male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats. The incisions were closed with three interrupted sutures and treated on alternating sides with test peptide and control. | 1373740 |
| 1363 | SHMSP(Sadat-Habdan mesenchymal stimulating peptide) | MIFVKTLTGKTIL | Histo-pathological assessment of wound healing, inflammatory cell infilteration, blood vessel proliferation, and collagen deposition, Chi square test, Fischer's exact test,Student t-test | SHMSP enhances angiogenesis in rabbits suffering from diabetes mellitus which have impaired angiogenesis due to decrease in number and function of circulating endotheleial progenitor cells. SHMSP also improves collagen deposition | There was significant increase in wound healing, blood vessel proliferation and collagen deposition, and significant decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration in the peptide group compared to the control group. | right ear | 22778713 |
| 1364 | N-terminal Tat fusion green fluorescent protein (GFP) (TG) | GRKKRRQRRRPPQRKC MSKGEELFTGVVPILV ELDGDVNGHKFSVSGE GEGDATYGKLTLKFIC TTGKLPVPWPTLVTTF SYGVQCFSRYPDHMKQ HDFFKSAMPEGYVQE RTIFFKDDGNYKTRAE VKFEGDTLVNRIELKG IDFKEDGNILGHKLEY NYNSHNVYIMADKQKN GIKVNFKIRHNIEDGS VQLADHYQQNTPIGDG PVLLPDNHYLSTQSAL SKDPNEKRDHMVLLEF | Vertical Franz diffusion cell | Fluorescent CPP | Cumulative amounts 4.86 ± 0.55 µg/cm2 and fluxes 0.81 ± 0.09 µg/cm2·h for stratum corneum. The receiver compartment of Franz Diffusion Cells had cumulative amount=28.50 ± 12.07 µg/cm2 and fluxes= 4.75 ± 1.47 µg/cm2·h | Stratum corneum of the abdominal skin of Sparague-Dawley rats after shaving off hair | 20891012 |
| 1365 | GFP | MSKGEELFTGVVPILV ELDGDVNGHKFSVSGE GEGDATYGKLTLKFIC TTGKLPVPWPTLVTTF SYGVQCFSRYPDHMKQ HDFFKSAMPEGYVQER TIFFKDDGNYKTRAEV KFEGDTLVNRIELKGI DFKEDGNILGHKLEYN YNSHNVYIMADKQKNG IKVNFKIRHNIEDGSV QLADHYQQNTPIGDGP VLLPDNHYLSTQSALS KDPNEKRDHMVLLEFV TAAGITHGMDELYK | Vertical Franz diffusion cell | Fluorescent protein | Cumulative amounts 24.15 ± 7.28 µg/cm2 and fluxes 4.02 ± 1.21 µg/cm2·h for stratum corneum. The receiver compartment of Franz Diffusion Cells had cumulative amount=22.61 ± 2.87 µg/cm2 and fluxes= 3.77 ± 0.48 µg/cm2·h | Stratum corneum of the abdominal skin of Sparague-Dawley rats after shaving off hair | 20891012 |
| 1366 | N-terminal Tat fusion green fluorescent protein (GFP) (TG) | GRKKRRQRRRPPQRKC MSKGEELFTGVVPILV ELDGDVNGHKFSVSGE GEGDATYGKLTLKFIC TTGKLPVPWPTLVTTF SYGVQCFSRYPDHMKQ HDFFKSAMPEGYVQE RTIFFKDDGNYKTRAE VKFEGDTLVNRIELKG IDFKEDGNILGHKLEY NYNSHNVYIMADKQKN GIKVNFKIRHNIEDGS VQLADHYQQNTPIGDG PVLLPDNHYLSTQSAL SKDPNEKRDHMVLLEF | Vertical Franz diffusion cell | Fluorescent CPP | Cumulative amounts 6.06 ± 0.70 µg/cm2 and fluxes 1.01 ± 0.70 µg/cm2·h for viable epidermis and dermis of skin. | Viable epidermis and dermis of the abdominal skin of Sparague-Dawley rats after shaving off hair | 20891012 |
| 1367 | GFP | MSKGEELFTGVVPILV ELDGDVNGHKFSVSGE GEGDATYGKLTLKFIC TTGKLPVPWPTLVTTF SYGVQCFSRYPDHMKQ HDFFKSAMPEGYVQER TIFFKDDGNYKTRAEV KFEGDTLVNRIELKGI DFKEDGNILGHKLEYN YNSHNVYIMADKQKNG IKVNFKIRHNIEDGSV QLADHYQQNTPIGDGP VLLPDNHYLSTQSALS KDPNEKRDHMVLLEFV TAAGITHGMDELYK | Vertical Franz diffusion cell | Fluorescent protein | Cumulative amounts 17.92 ± 0.78 µg/cm2 and fluxes 2.99 ± 0.26 µg/cm2·h for viable epidermis and dermis of skin. | Viable epidermis and dermis of the abdominal skin of Sparague-Dawley rats after shaving off hair | 20891012 |
| 1368 | N-terminal Tat fusion green fluorescent protein (GFP) (TG) | GRKKRRQRRRPPQRKC MSKGEELFTGVVPILV ELDGDVNGHKFSVSGE GEGDATYGKLTLKFIC TTGKLPVPWPTLVTTF SYGVQCFSRYPDHMKQ HDFFKSAMPEGYVQE RTIFFKDDGNYKTRAE VKFEGDTLVNRIELKG IDFKEDGNILGHKLEY NYNSHNVYIMADKQKN GIKVNFKIRHNIEDGS VQLADHYQQNTPIGDG PVLLPDNHYLSTQSAL SKDPNEKRDHMVLLEF | Vertical Franz diffusion cell | Fluorescent CPP | Cumulative amounts 22.03 ± 4.01 µg/cm2 and fluxes 3.67 ± 2.33 µg/cm2·h for stratum corneum. The receiver compartment of Franz Diffusion Cells had cumulative amount=30.24 ± 4.81 µg/cm2 and fluxes= 5.04 ± 0.80 µg/cm2·h | Stratum corneum of the abdominal skin of Sparague-Dawley rats after shaving off hair | 20891012 |
| 1369 | N-terminal Tat fusion green fluorescent protein (GFP) (TG) | GRKKRRQRRRPPQRKC MSKGEELFTGVVPILV ELDGDVNGHKFSVSGE GEGDATYGKLTLKFIC TTGKLPVPWPTLVTTF SYGVQCFSRYPDHMKQ HDFFKSAMPEGYVQE RTIFFKDDGNYKTRAE VKFEGDTLVNRIELKG IDFKEDGNILGHKLEY NYNSHNVYIMADKQKN GIKVNFKIRHNIEDGS VQLADHYQQNTPIGDG PVLLPDNHYLSTQSAL SKDPNEKRDHMVLLEF | Vertical Franz diffusion cell | Fluorescent CPP | Cumulative amounts 8.59 ± 1.33 µg/cm2 and fluxes 1.43 ± 0.22 µg/cm2·h for stratum corneum. The receiver compartment of Franz Diffusion Cells had cumulative amount=62.75 ± 2.68 µg/cm2 and fluxes= 10.46 ± 3.45 µg/cm2·h | Stratum corneum of the abdominal skin of Sparague-Dawley rats after shaving off hair | 20891012 |
| 1370 | Tat analog | GRKKRRQRRRCG | Real-time PCR | Cell penetrating peptide | A high value of silencing was seen in presence of Tat/siRelA (N/P=10) in PAM212 cells. | PAM212 cells (mouse keratinocytes) | 21297299 |
| 1371 | Tat analog | GRKKRRQRRRCG | Confocal laser microscopy | Cell penetrating peptide | Fluorescent signals of siRNA in the Tat applied skin were observed faintly at the stratum corneum in 10 times tape-stripped skin. In 20 times tape-stripped skin siRNA was observed widely and strikingly at the stratum corneum, hair follicle, epidermal and dermal layers. | PAM212 cells (mouse keratinocytes) | 21297299 |
| 1372 | Tat analog | GRKKRRQRRRCG | Confocal laser microscopy | Cell penetrating peptide | Fluorescent signals of siRNA in the Tat applied skin were observed faintly at the stratum corneum in 10 times tape-stripped skin. In 20 times tape-stripped skin siRNA was observed widely and strikingly at the stratum corneum, hair follicle, epidermal and dermal layers. | PAM212 cells (mouse keratinocytes) | 21297299 |
| 1373 | AT 1002 analog | FCIGRLCG | Confocal laser microscopy | Cell penetrating peptide | Fluorescent signals of FAMsiRNA in the AT1002 applied skin were observed faintly at the stratum corneum in 10 times tape-stripped skin. In 20 times tape-stripped skin FAMsiRNA was observed widely and strikingly at the stratum corneum, hair follicle, epidermal and dermal layers. | Tape stripped skin of female ICR mice | 21297299 |
| 1374 | AT 1002 analog | FCIGRLCG | Confocal laser microscopy | Cell penetrating peptide | Fluorescent signals of FAMsiRNA in the AT1002 applied skin were observed faintly at the stratum corneum in 10 times tape-stripped skin. In 20 times tape-stripped skin FAMsiRNA was observed widely and strikingly at the stratum corneum, hair follicle, epidermal and dermal layers. | Tape stripped skin of female ICR mice | 21297299 |
| 1375 | Tat analog | GRKKRRQRRRCG | Confocal laser microscopy | Cell penetrating peptide | In Tat+AT1002 applied to 20 times tape-stripped skin, the Cy3-siGL3 was observed stronger than in the other conditions. | Tape stripped skin of female ICR mice | 21297299 |
| 1376 | Tat analog | GRKKRRQRRRCG | Confocal laser microscopy | Cell penetrating peptide | In Tat+AT1002 applied to 20 times tape-stripped skin, the FAMsiRNA was observed stronger than in the other conditions. | Tape stripped skin of female ICR mice | 21297299 |
| 1377 | Interferon Alpha (IFN α) | CDLPQTHSLGSRRTLM LLAQMRKISLFSCLKD RHDFGFPQEEFGNQFQ KAETIPVLHEMIQQIF NLFSTKDSSAAWDETL LDKFYTELYQQLNDLE ACVIQGVGVTETPLMK EDSILAVRKYFQRITL YLKEKKYSPCAWEVVR AEIMRSFSLSTNLQES LRSKE | ELISA and antiviral assay | Antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory properties | Antiviral assay showed an average IFN α levels of 380±60 IU/mg protein in skin homogenate. ELISA of skin homogenate increased the IFNα levels from <12.5pg/mg tissue to 122.4±25.9 pg/mg tissue. | Human skin biopsy samples | 21291377 |
| 1378 | Interferon Alpha (IFN α) | CDLPQTHSLGSRRTLM LLAQMRKISLFSCLKD RHDFGFPQEEFGNQFQ KAETIPVLHEMIQQIF NLFSTKDSSAAWDETL LDKFYTELYQQLNDLE ACVIQGVGVTETPLMK EDSILAVRKYFQRITL YLKEKKYSPCAWEVVR AEIMRSFSLSTNLQES LRSKE | ELISA and antiviral assay | Antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory properties | Antiviral assay showed an average IFN α levels of 120±30 IU/mg protein in skin homogenate. ELISA of skin homogenate increased the IFNα levels from <12.5pg/mg tissue to 40.1±12.8 pg/mg tissue. | Human skin biopsy samples | 21291377 |
| 1379 | Interferon Alpha (IFN α) | CDLPQTHSLGSRRTLM LLAQMRKISLFSCLKD RHDFGFPQEEFGNQFQ KAETIPVLHEMIQQIF NLFSTKDSSAAWDETL LDKFYTELYQQLNDLE ACVIQGVGVTETPLMK EDSILAVRKYFQRITL YLKEKKYSPCAWEVVR AEIMRSFSLSTNLQES LRSKE | ELISA and antiviral assay | Antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory properties | Antiviral assay showed an average IFN α levels of 400±80 IU/mg protein in skin homogenate. ELISA of skin homogenate increased the IFNα levels from <12.5pg/mg tissue to 107.5±18.1 pg/mg tissue. | Human skin biopsy samples | 21291377 |
| 1402 | Insulin | (Chain A: GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN) (Chain B: FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKT) | Chloride in the sweat determined by titration with a Cotiove chloridometer | Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver. | Control/Cystic fibrosis patients: 14.81±2.39/79.70±3.59(Vehicle treated) and 14.47±2.66/68.07±3.29(Insulin treated) | Stratum corneum of arm of cystic fibrosis patients | 1144451 |
| 1403 | Insulin | (Chain A: GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN) (Chain B: FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKT) | Chloride in the sweat determined by titration with a Cotiove chloridometer | Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver. | Control/Cystic fibrosis patients: 14.81±2.39/16.03±2.34(Vehicle treated) and 14.47±2.66/11.52±1.28(Insulin treated) | Stratum corneum of arm of cystic fibrosis patients | 1144451 |
| 1404 | TRAP 508 (Thrombin receptor-activating peptide) | AGYKPDEGKRGDACE GDSGGPFV | Angiography and histology | Mimics many effects of thrombin | After 7 days, incisions treated with a single application of alpha-thrombin(10 pmol or 0.3310 micro gram/cm of incision) showed a 26% increase in breaking strength over those treated with PBS alone with a P value of <0.013. But, a single application of TRAP-508 worked even better than thrombin increasing breaking strength 41% over controls (P<0.001, at 500 pmol/cm). | Mice skin | 1373740 |
| 1517 | Cyclosporin A (CysA) bearing reverse cubic phase | Aa-MeLeu-MeLeu-MeVal-3-hydroxy-N,4-dimethyl- L-2-amino-6-octenoyl-Abu-MeGly-MeLeu-V-MeLeu | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Cyclic and highly lipophilic peptide that presents poor skin penetration capacity and works as an immune-suppressant agent | Amount of applied dose/cm2 present in stratum corneum=1.8%, 1.0%(Control); Amount of applied dose/cm2 present in epidermis without stratum corneum + dermis=0.3%, 0.35%(Control) | In-vitro model of porcine ear skin | 16621488 |
| 1518 | Cyclosporin A (CysA) bearing reverse cubic phase | Aa-MeLeu-MeLeu-MeVal-3-hydroxy-N,4-dimethyl- L-2-amino-6-octenoyl-Abu-MeGly-MeLeu-V-MeLeu | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Cyclic and highly lipophilic peptide that presents poor skin penetration capacity and works as an immune-suppressant agent | Amount of applied dose/cm2 present in stratum corneum=2.9%, 1.3%(Control); Amount of applied dose/cm2 present in epidermis without stratum corneum + dermis=0.41%, 0.38%(Control) | In-vitro model of porcine ear skin | 16621488 |
| 1519 | Cyclosporin A (CysA) bearing reverse cubic phase | Aa-MeLeu-MeLeu-MeVal-3-hydroxy-N,4-dimethyl- L-2-amino-6-octenoyl-Abu-MeGly-MeLeu-V-MeLeu | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Cyclic and highly lipophilic peptide that presents poor skin penetration capacity and works as an immune-suppressant agent | Amount of applied dose/cm2 present in stratum corneum=7.0%, 1.9%(Control); Amount of applied dose/cm2 present in epidermis without stratum corneum + dermis=1.2%, 0.7%(Control) | In-vitro model of porcine ear skin | 16621488 |
| 1520 | Cyclosporin A (CysA) bearing reverse hexagonal phase | Aa-MeLeu-MeLeu-MeVal-3-hydroxy-N,4-dimethyl- L-2-amino-6-octenoyl-Abu-MeGly-MeLeu-V-MeLeu | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Cyclic and highly lipophilic peptide that presents poor skin penetration capacity and works as an immune-suppressant agent | Amount of applied dose/cm2 present in stratum corneum=0.9%, 1%(Control) | In-vitro model of porcine ear skin | 16621488 |
| 1521 | Cyclosporin A (CysA) bearing reverse hexagonal phase | Aa-MeLeu-MeLeu-MeVal-3-hydroxy-N,4-dimethyl- L-2-amino-6-octenoyl-Abu-MeGly-MeLeu-V-MeLeu | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Cyclic and highly lipophilic peptide that presents poor skin penetration capacity and works as an immune-suppressant agent | Amount of applied dose/cm2 present in stratum corneum=1.5%, 1.3%(Control); Amount of applied dose/cm2 present in epidermis without stratum corneum + dermis=1.1%, 0.38%(Control) | In-vitro model of porcine ear skin | 16621488 |
| 1522 | Cyclosporin A (CysA) bearing reverse hexagonal phase | Aa-MeLeu-MeLeu-MeVal-3-hydroxy-N,4-dimethyl- L-2-amino-6-octenoyl-Abu-MeGly-MeLeu-V-MeLeu | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Cyclic and highly lipophilic peptide that presents poor skin penetration capacity and works as an immune-suppressant agent | Amount of applied dose/cm2 present in stratum corneum=2.0%, 1.9%(Control); Amount of applied dose/cm2 present in epidermis without stratum corneum + dermis=1.5%, 0.7%(Control) | In-vitro model of porcine ear skin | 16621488 |
| 1523 | Cyclosporin A (CysA) bearing reverse cubic phase | Aa-MeLeu-MeLeu-MeVal-3-hydroxy-N,4-dimethyl- L-2-amino-6-octenoyl-Abu-MeGly-MeLeu-V-MeLeu | HPLC | Cyclic and highly lipophilic peptide that presents poor skin penetration capacity and works as an immune-suppressant agent | Amount of applied dose/cm2 present in stratum corneum=2.75%, 1.1±0.13%(Control); Amount of applied dose/cm2 present in epidermis without stratum corneum + dermis=1.1%, 0.61±0.09%(Control) | Skin(Stratum corneum and Epidermis without stratum corneum + dermis) of hairless mice | 16621488 |
| 1524 | Cyclosporin A (CysA) bearing reverse hexagonal phase | Aa-MeLeu-MeLeu-MeVal-3-hydroxy-N,4-dimethyl- L-2-amino-6-octenoyl-Abu-MeGly-MeLeu-V-MeLeu | HPLC | Cyclic and highly lipophilic peptide that presents poor skin penetration capacity and works as an immune-suppressant agent | Amount of applied dose/cm2 present in stratum corneum=1.89%, 1.1±0.13%(Control); Amount of applied dose/cm2 present in epidermis without stratum corneum + dermis=1.6%, 0.61±0.09%(Control) | Skin(Stratum corneum and Epidermis without stratum corneum + dermis) of hairless mice | 16621488 |
| 1546 | L -carnosine | β-Ala-H | Franz diffusion cell, HPLC | Antioxidant | ~0.5% of applied dose | Stratum corneum of human breast skin | 22890441 |
| 1587 | MstnF | VFLQ KYPHTHLVHQA | Flow cytometery,two-photon microscopy, confocal microscopy | Not mentioned | Maximum cytokine release was seen on treatment. | mdx mice | 26724457 |
| 1588 | IMT-P8 | RRWRRWNRFNRRRCR | Confocal microscopy,flow cytometery | KLA causes mitochondrial membrane swelling leading to apoptosis when delivered inside the cells | IMT-P8-KLA localized to mitochondria where it causes cell death by disrupting the mitochondrial membrane. Cell death measurements should be given | mouse skin | 27189051 |
| 1589 | IMT-P8 | RRWRRWNRFNRRRCR | Confocal microscopy. | GFP exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range. | High green fluorescence was observed in both epidermis, hair follicles and in deeper layers of skin. | mice skin | 27189051 |
| 1590 | Alanine-tryptophan | AW | electroosmotic volume flux was observed to study peptide penetration | Not mentioned | Skin permeability of peptide increased 30 times more than passive permeation. | Human epidermal membrane | 25786877 |
| 1591 | Alanine–alanine–proline–valin | AAVP | electroosmotic volume flux was observed to study peptide penetration | It fits the P-P1 subsite of elastase and inhibits human neutrophil elastase | Skin permeability of peptide increased 30 times more than passive permeation by ionophoresis | Human epidermal membrane | 25786877 |
| 1592 | Acetyl hexapaeptide-3 (Argireline) | EEMQRR | electroosmotic volume flux was observed to study peptide penetration | Not mentioned | Skin permeability of peptide increased 30 times more than passive permeation by ionophoresis | Human epidermal membrane | 25786877 |
| 1593 | Triptorelin | EHWSYwLRPG | electroosmotic volume flux was observed to study peptide penetration | Marketed as a sustained release injection for treatment of infertility, endometriosios and hormone responsive cancers | Skin permeability of peptide increased 30 times more than passive permeation by ionophoresis | Human epidermal membrane | 25786877 |
| 1594 | TD1 | ACSSSPSKHCG | fluorescent microscopy | Facilitates the trans-dermal delivery of macromolecules | Insulin levels elevated(0.92 -1.17ng/ml) without affecting glucose levels. | abdominal skin of rats | 25734358 |
| 1595 | TD1 | ACSSSPSKHCG | fluorescent microscopy | Facilitates the trans-dermal delivery of macromolecules | Had both insulin elevating and (2.33-2.65 ng/ml) and glucose lowering effects. | abdominal skin of rats | 25734358 |
| 1596 | TD1 | ACSSSPSKHCG | fluorescent microscopy | Facilitates the trans-dermal delivery of macromolecules | Insulin levels elevated(1.86–2.03 ng/ml) and lower blood glucose (49.5–61.6%) | abdominal skin of rats | 25734358 |
| 1597 | TD1 | ACSSSPSKHCG | fluorescent microscopy | Facilitates the trans-dermal delivery of macromolecules | Maximum insulin levels elevation(insulin 3.29–4.76 ng/ml, (glucose levels lowered upto 27.5–44.5%)) | abdominal skin of rats | 25734358 |
| 1598 | TD1 | ACSSSPSKHCG | fluorescent microscopy | Facilitates the trans-dermal delivery of macromolecules | hGH reached systemic circulation,levels increased (0.57–1.68 ng/ml) | skin of Wistar rats | 25734358 |
| 1599 | SPACE-peptide11 | ACTGSTQHQCG | HPLC,fluorescence assay | Peptide penetration enhancer | 1.3% ± 0.3% of topically applied SP50 | Porcine skin | 25481447 |
| 1600 | TD-1 | ACSSSPSKHCG | Tape-Stripping, Franz diffusion cells | Not mentioned | Greater that 20% of the CsA penetrated the skin | Porcine skin | 25499919 |
| 1601 | DLP (Dermis localizing peptide) | ACKTGSHNQCG | Tape-Stripping, Franz diffusion cells | Not mentioned | >10 - <15% CsA applied penetrated into the skin | Porcine skin | 25499919 |
| 1602 | LP-12 (Linear Peptide) | HIITDPNMAEYL 4.18 | Tape-Stripping, Franz diffusion cells | Not mentioned | Approximately 11% of the applied CsA penetrated the skin. | Porcine skin | 25499919 |
| 1603 | Poly arginine(Poly-R) | RRRRRRR | Tape-Stripping, Franz diffusion cells | Not mentioned | More than 25% of the applied CsA penetrated the skin. | Porcine skin | 25499919 |
| 1604 | D-IK8 | IRIKIRIK | Combination assay and ELISA | Distrups the mature biofilms of Staphylococci and are able to kill intracellular staphylococci at a more significant rate than other antibiotics. | Led to increased uptake and binding of fluorscently labeled vancomycin. | Mouse skin | 27405275 |
| 1605 | Cyclosporin A | Aa-MeLeu-MeLeu-MeVal-3-hydroxy-N,4-dimethyl- L-2-amino-6-octenoyl-Abu-MeGly-MeLeu-V-MeLeu | Franz 2-type vertical diffusion model. | Not mentioned | Skin permiation efficiency of CsA-loaded SLN was 2 fold higher than that of CsA-oil mixture in viable skin. | Murine skin | 19746839 |
| 1606 | Salmon calcitonin | CSNLSTCVLGKLSQEL HKLQTYPRTNTGSGTP | ELISA, noncompartmental analysis using WinNonlin | Not mentioned | Iontophoretic patches delivered SCT at an average infusion rate of 177.9±58.7 ng/(min kg) and an average steady state concentration of 7.58±1.35 ng/ml was achieved. | Abdominal skin of hairless rats | 15907605 |
| 1607 | Desmopressin acetate (1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin; DDAVP) | MPr- YFENCPrG | HPLC-MS assay | Hydrophilic peptide obtained by deamination of cysteine in position 1 of vasopressin. | 6.5 ug peptide penetrated into the skin. | Human breast skin | 15831201 |
| 1608 | Capsaicin | T | Immunoassay. | Capsaicin increases calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release from sensory neurons by stimulating vanilloid receptor-1 | Dermal IGF level increased to approximately 2000 ng/g tissue | Mice skin | 17307377 |
| 1609 | Tat-PDT | RKKRRQRRR | Fluorescent microscopy and Confocal microscopy | Not mentioned | Best permiability is seen when GFP to peptide ratio is 1:3 and fluorescence microscopy results showed fluorescence in the hypo dermis | Backs of mice | 18031459 |
| 1610 | SR9 | SRRRRRRRRR | Fluorescent microscopy and Confocal microscopy | Not mentioned | Fluorescence microscopy results showed fluorescence in the hypo dermis | Backs of mice | 18031459 |
| 1611 | Manganese peptide | Mn-GHK | Overall improvement in skin texture was noticed,reduction of superficial fine lines and wrinkles were less. | Not mentioned | Pigmentation was seen to improve in people after the use of manganese peptide containing cream. | Human facial skin | 18236243 |
| 1612 | Copper carrier peptide | GHK-Cu | Not mentioned | Wound healing and anti-aging cosmetic agent | Topical application of GHK-Cu on 71 volunteers showed improvement in fine lines , visoelstic properties, thickness and density of the skin with no irritation | Human skin | 25384620 |
| 1613 | NorLeu3 -A(1-7) | DR-NorLeu-TIHP | Ulcers were seen to have a healing effect. | The peptide accelerates and normalizes the healing of dermal injuries in multiple animal models | NorLeu3 -A(1-7) completely healed approximately 60% of the wounds and reduced total wound area by greater than 80% | Rat skin | 21973177 |
| 1614 | LL-37 | LLGDFFRKSKEKIGK EFKRIVQRIKDFLRN LVPRTES | Statistical analysis was done in order to measure the efficacy of LL-37 as a drug. | Not mentioned | The ulcers reduced to 32% | Human skin | 25041740 |
| 1615 | LL-37 | LLGDFFRKSKEKIGK EFKRIVQRIKDFLRN LVPRTES | Statistical analysis was done in order to measure the efficacy of LL-37 as a drug. | Not mentioned | The ulcers decreased to 50% | Human skin | 25041740 |
| 1616 | LL-37 | LLGDFFRKSKEKIGK EFKRIVQRIKDFLRN LVPRTES | Statistical analysis was done in order to measure the efficacy of LL-37 as a drug. | Not mentioned | The ulcers upto 89%. | Human skin | 25041740 |
| 1617 | Leuprorelin | PHWSYLLR | Scanning electron microscopy. | It is a potent luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) receptor agonist used invarious clinical applications, including the treatment of endometriosis,prostate cancer, central precocious puberty and in vitro fertilization regimens | 0.5 mA/cm2 | Porcine ears' skin | 25173088 |
| 1618 | 5Aminolevulinic acid | ALA | HPLC and liquid scintillation counting, | ALA is used as an endogenous photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy for a range of non-melanoma skin cancers like basal cell carcinoma, squamouscell carcinoma, actinic keratoses and Bowen's disease, and inphoto diagnosi | electroosmotic volume flux was observed to study peptide penetration. | Human epidermal membrane | 25786877 |
| 1619 | hgp-10025–3 | KVPRNQDWLEEEE | Confocal laser scanning microscopy | Provide prolonged residence time and increase the ocular availability of loaded drugs. By forming suitably sized complex with proteins or by acting as artificial chaperones, they thus help to keep the proteins and enzymes in proper confirmation necessary | Iontophoresis resulted in the accumulation of gp-100 peptide and nanogels in the epidermis, and subsequent increase in the number of Langerhans cells in the epidermis. Moreover, tumor growth was significantly suppressed by iontophoresis of the antigen peptide-loaded nanogels. | Mouse Skin | 25681719 |
| 1620 | AT1002 | FCIGRLCG | Confocal laser microscopy | Not mentioned | In mice treated with siRNA/Tat+AT1002 the fluorescence of FAMsiRNA was observed strongly and widely in the ear skin. | Mice skin of ear lobes | 21531792 |
| 1621 | Ro 23-7861 | YADAIFTNSYRKVLA QLSARKLLEDIMSR | Radioimmunoassay | Not mentioned | The flux of 1 increased curvilinearly with the increase in salt concentration of the buffer and linearly with the increase in current. | Skin of hairless guinea pig | 1403695 |
| 1622 | Leuprolide | pyroGHWSYlRP-NHEt | HPLC | Not mentioned | 5 mg/mL | human skin from tummy-tuck surgery (when available) or frozen skin from skin banks | 2118954 |
| 1623 | Cholecystokin | Y(SO3H)MGWMT(SO3H)(NCH3)F | HPLC | Not mentioned | An applied voltage of 0.25 V across the skin produced an enhancement of -4-fold in the flux of the CCK-8 analogue over passive permeation alone after pretreatment of skin with ethanol. | human skin from tummy-tuck surgery (when available) or frozen skin from skin banks | 2118954 |
| 1624 | Leuprolide (Lupron) | pyroGHWSYlRP-NHEt | Amerlex LH RIA kit | It is a useful model peptide for evaluating transdermal administration of peptide drugs. | From the transdermal route the peak response was 76.9 ± 99.8 mIU/ ml | Human skin | 2121407 |
| 1625 | GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) | PyroGlu-HWSYGLRPG | HPLC | Gonadotropin releasing hormone | Concentration of GnRH in the receptor after 1 hour was 4,2 uM and after 4 hrs was 6,4 uM. | Hairless mouse skin | 2203894 |
| 1626 | GnRH analogue 1 | HIITDPNMAEYL 4.18 | HPLC | Gonadotropin releasing hormone | Iontophoresis of aqueous solutions of 1 was not very successful. It was only marginally soluble and as iontophoresis proceeded, the donor solution became inhomogeneous. Flux rates were negligible. | hairless mouse Skin | 2203894 |
| 1627 | GnRH analogue 2 | [DTrps, Pros-NHEt}.GnRH | HPLC | Gonadotropin releasing hormone | ~2nmol cm -2 was delivered in 10 minutes. | hairless mouse Skin | 2203894 |
| 1628 | Thyrotropin releasing hormone(TRH) | L-proglutamyl-L histidyl – L proline amide | HPLC | model peptide for in vitro passive and iontophoretic diffusion. | with time all observed peaks, except the TRH peak became smaller as subsequent receptor cell samples were analyzed due to material being leached out of the excised tissue. | nude mouse skin | 3095533 |
| 1629 | Thyrotropin releasing hormone(TRH) | L-proglutamyl-L histidyl – L proline amide | diffusion cell studies | model peptide for in vitro passive and iontophoretic diffusion. | Subsequent blue coloration of the receptor cell contents were observed after iontophoresis in methylene blue transport studies. | nude mouse skin | 3095533 |
| 1630 | Arginine-Vasopressin | CYFQNCPRG | Iontophoresis permetaion studies | nonapeptide hormone | 0.055(+- 0.011)nmol/cm2h+-S.D) | abdominal region of hairless mouse | 2664126 |
| 1631 | Arginine-Vasopressin | CYFQNCPRG | Iontophoresis permetaion studies | nonapeptide hormone | 0.122(+- 0.022)nmol/cm2h+-S.D | abdominal region of hairless mouse | 2664126 |
| 1632 | Arginine-Vasopressin | CYFQNCPRG | Iontophoresis permetaion studies | nonapeptide hormone | 0.220(+- 0.029)nmol/cm2h+-S.D | abdominal region of hairless mouse | 2664126 |
| 1633 | Arginine-Vasopressin | CYFQNCPRG | Iontophoresis permetaion studies | nonapeptide hormone | 0.509(+-0.056)nmol/cm2h+-S.D | abdominal region of hairless mouse | 2664126 |
| 1634 | Arginine-Vasopressin | CYFQNCPRG | Iontophoresis permetaion studies | nonapeptide hormone | 0.166(+- 0.050)nmol/cm2h+-S.D) | abdominal region of hairless mouse | 2664126 |
| 1635 | Arginine-Vasopressin | CYFQNCPRG | Iontophoresis permetaion studies | nonapeptide hormone | 0.414(+-0.097)nmol/cm2h+-S.D | abdominal region of hairless mouse | 2664126 |
| 1636 | Arginine-Vasopressin | CYFQNCPRG | Iontophoresis permetaion studies | nonapeptide hormone | 1.30(+- 0.14)nmol/cm2h+-S.D | abdominal region of hairless mouse | 2664126 |
| 1637 | Arginine-Vasopressin | CYFQNCPRG | Iontophoresis permetaion studies | nonapeptide hormone | 2.71(+- 0.25)nmol/cm2h+-S.D | abdominal region of hairless mouse | 2664126 |
| 1638 | Leuprolide | pyroGHWSYlRP-NHEt | Iontophoresis permetaion studies | Not mentioned | Serum luteinizing hormone concentration was measured 12 times during an 8 hr period. Significant elevations of LH were seen in active compared with passive patches.(56.4 +- 49.6 mIU/ml) at 4hrs. | human skin | 3143511 |
| 1639 | Insulin | MALWMRLLPLLALLAL WGPDPAAAFVNQHLCGSH LVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKTR REAEDLQVGQVELGGGPG AGSLQPLALEGSLQKRG IVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN | Direct radioactive counting or the radio immunoassay of plasma | Not mentioned | Glucose level decreased from 295 mg/dL to 292 mg/dL | Skin of 50 hairless rats and 12 regular rats. | 3298619 |
| 1640 | Insulin | MALWMRLLPLLALLAL WGPDPAAAFVNQHLCGSH LVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKTR REAEDLQVGQVELGGGPG AGSLQPLALEGSLQKRG IVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN | Direct radioactive counting or the radio immunoassay of plasma | Not mentioned | No significant difference in glucose levels | Skin of 50 hairless rats and 12 regular rats. | 3298619 |
| 1641 | Insulin | MALWMRLLPLLALLAL WGPDPAAAFVNQHLCGSH LVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKTR REAEDLQVGQVELGGGPG AGSLQPLALEGSLQKRG IVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN | Direct radioactive counting or the radio immunoassay of plasma | Not mentioned | Glucose level decreased from 280 mg/dL to 220 mg/dL | Skin of 50 hairless rats and 12 regular rats. | 3298619 |
| 1642 | Insulin | MALWMRLLPLLALLAL WGPDPAAAFVNQHLCGSH LVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKTR REAEDLQVGQVELGGGPG AGSLQPLALEGSLQKRG IVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN | Direct radioactive counting or the radio immunoassay of plasma | Not mentioned | Glucose level decreased from 260 mg/dL to 75 mg/dL | Skin of 50 hairless rats and 12 regular rats. | 3298619 |
| 1643 | Insulin(porcine) | MALWMRLLPLLALLAL WGPDPAAAFVNQHLCGSH LVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKTR REAEDLQVGQVELGGGPG AGSLQPLALEGSLQKRG IVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN | permeability coefficient for transdermal iontophoretic transport of peptide/ protein drugs from Polyacrylamide hydrogels hydrogels was measured | Not mentioned | 0.312 (cm/sec) * 10 8 | skin of hairless rat | 8321834 |
| 1644 | thyrocalcitonin | CGNLSTCMLGTYTQ DFNKFHTFPQTAIGVGAP | permeability coefficient for transdermal iontophoretic transport of peptide/ protein drugs from polyacrylamide hydrogels was measured. | Not mentioned | 6.20 (cm/sec) * 10 8 | skin of hairless rat | 8321834 |
| 1645 | [Arg 8 ]vasopressin | CYFQNCPRG | permeability coefficient for transdermal iontophoretic transport of peptide/ protein drugs from polyacrylamide hydrogels was measured. | Not mentioned | 61.6(cm/sec) * 10 8 | skin of hairless rat | 8321834 |
| 1646 | Insulin(porcine) | MALWMRLLPLLALLAL WGPDPAAAFVNQHLCGSH LVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKTR REAEDLQVGQVELGGGPG AGSLQPLALEGSLQKRG IVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN | permeability coefficient for transdermal iontophoretic transport of peptide/ protein drugs from p – HEMA hydrogels was measured | Not mentioned | 0.654 (cm/sec) * 10 8 | skin of hairless rat | 8321834 |
| 1647 | thyrocalcitonin | CGNLSTCMLGTYTQ DFNKFHTFPQTAIGVGAP | permeability coefficient for transdermal iontophoretic transport of peptide/ protein drugs from p-HEMA hydrogels was measured. | Not mentioned | 1.95(cm/sec) * 10 8 | skin of hairless rat | 8321834 |
| 1648 | [Arg 8 ]vasopressin | CYFQNCPRG | permeability coefficient for transdermal iontophoretic transport of peptide/ protein drugs from p-HEMA was measured. | Not mentioned | 10.6 (cm/sec) * 10 8 | skin of hairless rat | 8321834 |
| 1649 | Recombinant human insulin | MALWMRLLPLLALLAL WGPDPAAAFVNQHLCGSH LVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKTR REAEDLQVGQVELGGGPG AGSLQPLALEGSLQKRG IVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN | ELISA | Not mentioned | A decrease in blood glucose of 43.7 +- 3.8% was observed as compared with initial blood glucose levels. | abdominal skin of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats | 12396742 |
| 1650 | Insulin | MALWMRLLPLLALLAL WGPDPAAAFVNQHLCGSH LVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKTR REAEDLQVGQVELGGGPG AGSLQPLALEGSLQKRG IVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN | Radioimmunoassay | Not mentioned | Within one hour of turning the current on, blood glucose levels decreased and serum insulin levels increased. | male New Zealand white rabbits. | 3510926 |
| 1651 | Leuteinzing hormone releasing hormone(LHRH) | PyroGlu-HWSYGLRPG | Single antibody radioimmunoassay | Not mentioned | The total amount of LHRH delivered during the 5h was 959 +- 444 ng. | old female yorkshire pigs | 8360818 |
| 1652 | Insulin | MALWMRLLPLLALLAL WGPDPAAAFVNQHLCGSH LVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKTR REAEDLQVGQVELGGGPG AGSLQPLALEGSLQKRG IVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN | Gel electrofocusing (isoelectric point determination) | Not mentioned | permeation coefficient of 3.5 * 10 -8 | Human skin, full thickness human skin was obtained from the department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Utah. | 2664125 |
| 1653 | Insulin | MALWMRLLPLLALLAL WGPDPAAAFVNQHLCGSH LVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKTR REAEDLQVGQVELGGGPG AGSLQPLALEGSLQKRG IVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN | Gel electrofocusing (isoelectric point determination) | Not mentioned | permeation coefficient of 11.6 * 10 -8 | Human skin, full thickness human skin was obtained from the department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Utah. | 2664125 |
| 1654 | Insulin | MALWMRLLPLLALLAL WGPDPAAAFVNQHLCGSH LVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKTR REAEDLQVGQVELGGGPG AGSLQPLALEGSLQKRG IVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN | Gel electrofocusing (isoelectric point determination) | Not mentioned | permeation coefficient of 77.1 * 10 -8 | Human skin, full thickness human skin was obtained from the department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Utah. | 2664125 |
| 1655 | Insulin | MALWMRLLPLLALLAL WGPDPAAAFVNQHLCGSH LVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKTR REAEDLQVGQVELGGGPG AGSLQPLALEGSLQKRG IVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN | Commercial glucose meter(2300 STAT YSI glucose analyzer). | Not mentioned | After photomechanical insulin delivery, the blood glucose decreased to 80 | Mice skin | 11295766 |
| 1656 | Insulin | MALWMRLLPLLALLAL WGPDPAAAFVNQHLCGSH LVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKTR REAEDLQVGQVELGGGPG AGSLQPLALEGSLQKRG IVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN | Fluorescence microscopy, glass vertical diffusion apparatus for electroporation. | Not mentioned | The total insulin transport in the receiver compartment was around f13 Ag/cm2. | porcine epidermis | 12100989 |
| 1657 | Cyclosporine | Aa-MeLeu-MeLeu-MeVal- 3-hydroxy-N,4-dimethyl-L-2-amino- 6-octenoyl-Abu-MeGly-MeLeu-V-MeLeu | Dual-color fluorescence microscopy. | Not mentioned | The inflammation was healed in the treated ear. | mouse and human skin | 11062537 |