Browse result page of PRRDB 2.0
| PRRID | Name of Ligand | Source of ligand | Sequence of Ligand | Length of Ligand | Type of Ligand | Occurence | Role of Ligand | Name of Receptor | Type of Reeptor | Source of the Receptor | Localization | Domain | Sequence of Receptor | Swiss prot ID | Length of receptor | Function of Receptor | Assay used | PMID | Year of publication | Pubchem assay |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRRID_0305 | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Click for more detail | E. coli 055:B5(Bacteria) | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CCCCCCCCCCC)CC(=O)OC1C(C(OC(C1OP(=O)(O)O)CO)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OP(=O)(O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)OC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC | NA | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) | Natural | LPS promotes TGFb1 and VEGF production in human prostate epithelial PC3 cells and also LPS stimulation, leads to the increased expression of NF-KB p65 protein. | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Human prostate epithelial PC3 cells | LRR | O00206.fasta | O00206 | 839 | It plays important roles in promoting prostate cancer immune escape, survival, progression, and metastasis by inducing immunosuppressive and proangiogenic cytokines. | ELISA | 18649875 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0305 | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Click for more detail | E. coli 055:B5(Bacteria) | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CCCCCCCCCCC)CC(=O)OC1C(C(OC(C1OP(=O)(O)O)CO)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OP(=O)(O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)OC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC | NA | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) | Natural | LPS promotes TGFb1 and VEGF production in human prostate epithelial PC3 cells and also LPS stimulation, leads to the increased expression of NF-KB p65 protein. | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Human prostate epithelial PC3 cells | LRR | O00206.fasta | O00206 | 839 | It plays important roles in promoting prostate cancer immune escape, survival, progression, and metastasis by inducing immunosuppressive and proangiogenic cytokines. | ELISA | 18649875 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0307 | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Click for more detail | Burkholderia pseudomallei(Bacteria) | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CCCCCCCCCCC)CC(=O)OC1C(C(OC(C1OP(=O)(O)O)CO)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OP(=O)(O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)OC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC | NA | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) | Natural | Stimulation via LPS leads to the production of TNF-α, MIP-2, and IL-10. | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | HEK293 cells | LRR | Q9QUK6.fasta | Q9QUK6 | 835 | It has a immunostimulatory role | ELISA | 18691413 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0307 | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Click for more detail | Burkholderia pseudomallei(Bacteria) | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CCCCCCCCCCC)CC(=O)OC1C(C(OC(C1OP(=O)(O)O)CO)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OP(=O)(O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)OC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC | NA | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) | Natural | Stimulation via LPS leads to the production of TNF-α, MIP-2, and IL-10. | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | HEK293 cells | LRR | Q9QUK6.fasta | Q9QUK6 | 835 | It has a immunostimulatory role | ELISA | 18691413 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0308 | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Click for more detail | Burkholderia pseudomallei(Bacteria) | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CCCCCCCCCCC)CC(=O)OC1C(C(OC(C1OP(=O)(O)O)CO)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OP(=O)(O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)OC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC | NA | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) | Natural | Stimulation via LPS leads to the activation of NF-KappaB, which resulted into the production of TNF-α, MIP-2, and IL-10. | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | HEK293 cells | LRR | O00206.fasta | O00206 | 839 | It has a immunostimulatory role | ELISA | 18691413 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0308 | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Click for more detail | Burkholderia pseudomallei(Bacteria) | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CCCCCCCCCCC)CC(=O)OC1C(C(OC(C1OP(=O)(O)O)CO)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OP(=O)(O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)OC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC | NA | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) | Natural | Stimulation via LPS leads to the activation of NF-KappaB, which resulted into the production of TNF-α, MIP-2, and IL-10. | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | HEK293 cells | LRR | O00206.fasta | O00206 | 839 | It has a immunostimulatory role | ELISA | 18691413 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0309 | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Click for more detail | Escherichia coli (055:B5) (Bacteria) | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CCCCCCCCCCC)CC(=O)OC1C(C(OC(C1OP(=O)(O)O)CO)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OP(=O)(O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)OC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC | NA | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) | Natural | It leads to the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB) in caput and cauda epididymides. | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Rat | Epididymis | LRR | NA | NA | NA | Rat epididymis is fully capable of initiating an inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli through activation of Tolllike receptor 4. | EMSA | 18703421 | 2008 | NA |
| PRRID_0309 | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Click for more detail | Escherichia coli (055:B5) (Bacteria) | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CCCCCCCCCCC)CC(=O)OC1C(C(OC(C1OP(=O)(O)O)CO)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OP(=O)(O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)OC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC | NA | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) | Natural | It leads to the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB) in caput and cauda epididymides. | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Rat | Epididymis | LRR | NA | NA | NA | Rat epididymis is fully capable of initiating an inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli through activation of Tolllike receptor 4. | EMSA | 18703421 | 2008 | NA |
| PRRID_0310 | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Click for more detail | E. coli(Bacteria) | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CCCCCCCCCCC)CC(=O)OC1C(C(OC(C1OP(=O)(O)O)CO)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OP(=O)(O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)OC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC | NA | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) | Natural | LPS stimulation leads to the activation of phospholipase C | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | Macrophages and Dendritic cells | NA | Q9QUK6.fasta | Q9QUK6 | 835 | It has the role in immuno inflammation. | ELISA | 18233961 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0310 | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Click for more detail | E. coli(Bacteria) | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CCCCCCCCCCC)CC(=O)OC1C(C(OC(C1OP(=O)(O)O)CO)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OP(=O)(O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)OC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC | NA | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) | Natural | LPS stimulation leads to the activation of phospholipase C | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | Macrophages and Dendritic cells | NA | Q9QUK6.fasta | Q9QUK6 | 835 | It has the role in immuno inflammation. | ELISA | 18233961 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0311 | Lipoprotein Click for more detail | Ureaplasma parvum (Bacteria) | NA | NA | Lipoprotein | Natural | Upon ligand engagement TLR proteins trigger downstream cellular signaling, leads to the activation of NF- | Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Kidney cell line, 293T | LRR | Q15399.fasta | Q15399 | 786 | This induces the inflammatory response. | ELISA | 18451040 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0311 | Lipoprotein Click for more detail | Ureaplasma parvum (Bacteria) | NA | NA | Lipoprotein | Natural | Upon ligand engagement TLR proteins trigger downstream cellular signaling, leads to the activation of NF- | Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Kidney cell line, 293T | LRR | Q15399.fasta | Q15399 | 786 | This induces the inflammatory response. | ELISA | 18451040 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0312 | Lipoprotein Click for more detail | Ureaplasma parvum (Bacteria) | NA | NA | Lipoprotein | Natural | Upon ligand engagement TLR proteins trigger downstream cellular signaling, leads to the activation of NF- | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Kidney cell line, 293T | LRR | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | This induces the inflammatory response. | ELISA | 18451040 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0312 | Lipoprotein Click for more detail | Ureaplasma parvum (Bacteria) | NA | NA | Lipoprotein | Natural | Upon ligand engagement TLR proteins trigger downstream cellular signaling, leads to the activation of NF- | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Kidney cell line, 293T | LRR | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | This induces the inflammatory response. | ELISA | 18451040 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0313 | Lipoprotein Click for more detail | Ureaplasma parvum (Bacteria) | NA | NA | Lipoprotein | Natural | Upon ligand engagement TLR proteins trigger downstream cellular signaling, leads to the activation of NF- | Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Kidney cell line, 293T | LRR | Q9Y2C9.fasta | Q9Y2C9 | 796 | This induces the inflammatory response. | ELISA | 18451040 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0313 | Lipoprotein Click for more detail | Ureaplasma parvum (Bacteria) | NA | NA | Lipoprotein | Natural | Upon ligand engagement TLR proteins trigger downstream cellular signaling, leads to the activation of NF- | Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Kidney cell line, 293T | LRR | Q9Y2C9.fasta | Q9Y2C9 | 796 | This induces the inflammatory response. | ELISA | 18451040 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0314 | Lipoprotein Click for more detail | Listeria monocytogenes (Bacteria) | NA | NA | Lipoprotein | Natural | It leads to the activation of NF-κB and stimulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | Bone marrow-derived DC | NA | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | It has a immunostimulatory role | Cytokines assay | 18641340 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0314 | Lipoprotein Click for more detail | Listeria monocytogenes (Bacteria) | NA | NA | Lipoprotein | Natural | It leads to the activation of NF-κB and stimulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | Bone marrow-derived DC | NA | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | It has a immunostimulatory role | Cytokines assay | 18641340 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0316 | Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) Click for more detail | Bacillus subtilis(Bacteria) | C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC(CO)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | NA | Amphiphile | Natural | LTA-treated LEC increases the expression of E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1, moreover it induces the expression of CCL2, CCL5, and CCL20 (Cys-Cys motif chemokines) and of CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL6, and CXCL8 (Cys-X-Cys motif chemokines). | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Cultured human lymphatic endothelium (LEC) | LRR | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | It has a immunostimulatory role | ELISA | 18523807 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0316 | Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) Click for more detail | Bacillus subtilis(Bacteria) | C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC(CO)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | NA | Amphiphile | Natural | LTA-treated LEC increases the expression of E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1, moreover it induces the expression of CCL2, CCL5, and CCL20 (Cys-Cys motif chemokines) and of CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL6, and CXCL8 (Cys-X-Cys motif chemokines). | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Cultured human lymphatic endothelium (LEC) | LRR | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | It has a immunostimulatory role | ELISA | 18523807 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0318 | Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) Click for more detail | Enterococcus faecalis (Bacteria) | C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC(CO)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | NA | Amphiphile | Natural | Upon exposure to E. faecalis LTA, it produces a high level of tumor necrosis factor-⍺ (TNF-⍺) and nitric oxide (NO). | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | RAW 264.7 | NA | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | LTA contributes to E. faecalis–induced inflammatory responses. | ELISA | 18634930 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0318 | Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) Click for more detail | Enterococcus faecalis (Bacteria) | C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC(CO)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | NA | Amphiphile | Natural | Upon exposure to E. faecalis LTA, it produces a high level of tumor necrosis factor-⍺ (TNF-⍺) and nitric oxide (NO). | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | RAW 264.7 | NA | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | LTA contributes to E. faecalis–induced inflammatory responses. | ELISA | 18634930 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0319 | Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC(CO)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | NA | Amphiphile | Natural | LTA induces the Stat1 and Stat3 activation via induction of IRF1/2 and interferon-α production. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | Macropahges | NA | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | It resulted in the antibacterial response. | ELISA | 18652890 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0319 | Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC(CO)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | NA | Amphiphile | Natural | LTA induces the Stat1 and Stat3 activation via induction of IRF1/2 and interferon-α production. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | Macropahges | NA | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | It resulted in the antibacterial response. | ELISA | 18652890 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0320 | Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid (LMW-HA) Click for more detail | Host (Endogenous) (others) | CC(=O)NC1CC(C(OC1OC2C(C(C(OC2C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)CO)O | NA | Glycosaminoglycan | Natural | It leads to the production of antimicrobial peptide beta defensins 2. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Keratinocytes NCTC 2544 cell line | NA | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | It leadsto the induction of an antibacterial response. | ELISA | 18641349 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0320 | Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid (LMW-HA) Click for more detail | Host (Endogenous) (others) | CC(=O)NC1CC(C(OC1OC2C(C(C(OC2C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)CO)O | NA | Glycosaminoglycan | Natural | It leads to the production of antimicrobial peptide beta defensins 2. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Keratinocytes NCTC 2544 cell line | NA | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | It leadsto the induction of an antibacterial response. | ELISA | 18641349 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0321 | Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid (LMW-HA) Click for more detail | Host (Endogenous) (others) | CC(=O)NC1CC(C(OC1OC2C(C(C(OC2C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)CO)O | NA | Glycosaminoglycan | Natural | It leads to the production of antimicrobial peptide beta defensins 2. | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Keratinocytes NCTC 2544 cell line | NA | O00206.fasta | O00206 | 839 | It leadsto the induction of an antibacterial response. | ELISA | 18641349 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0321 | Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid (LMW-HA) Click for more detail | Host (Endogenous) (others) | CC(=O)NC1CC(C(OC1OC2C(C(C(OC2C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)CO)O | NA | Glycosaminoglycan | Natural | It leads to the production of antimicrobial peptide beta defensins 2. | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Keratinocytes NCTC 2544 cell line | NA | O00206.fasta | O00206 | 839 | It leadsto the induction of an antibacterial response. | ELISA | 18641349 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0322 | Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid (LMW-HA) Click for more detail | Host (Endogenous) (others) | CC(=O)NC1CC(C(OC1OC2C(C(C(OC2C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)CO)O | NA | Glycosaminoglycan | Natural | It leads to the production of antimicrobial peptide beta defensins 2. | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Dorsal skin | NA | O00206.fasta | O00206 | 839 | It leadsto the induction of an antibacterial response. | ELISA | 18641349 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0322 | Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid (LMW-HA) Click for more detail | Host (Endogenous) (others) | CC(=O)NC1CC(C(OC1OC2C(C(C(OC2C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)CO)O | NA | Glycosaminoglycan | Natural | It leads to the production of antimicrobial peptide beta defensins 2. | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Dorsal skin | NA | O00206.fasta | O00206 | 839 | It leadsto the induction of an antibacterial response. | ELISA | 18641349 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0323 | Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid (LMW-HA) Click for more detail | Host (Endogenous) (others) | CC(=O)NC1CC(C(OC1OC2C(C(C(OC2C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)CO)O | NA | Glycosaminoglycan | Natural | It leads to the production of antimicrobial peptide beta defensins 2. | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | Dorsal skin | NA | Q9QUK6.fasta | Q9QUK6 | 835 | It leadsto the induction of an antibacterial response. | ELISA | 18641349 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0323 | Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid (LMW-HA) Click for more detail | Host (Endogenous) (others) | CC(=O)NC1CC(C(OC1OC2C(C(C(OC2C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)CO)O | NA | Glycosaminoglycan | Natural | It leads to the production of antimicrobial peptide beta defensins 2. | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | Dorsal skin | NA | Q9QUK6.fasta | Q9QUK6 | 835 | It leadsto the induction of an antibacterial response. | ELISA | 18641349 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0324 | Loxoribine (7-allyl-7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-guanosine) Click for more detail | NA | C=CCN1C2=C(NC(=NC2=O)N)N(C1=O)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | It induces astrocyte activation and up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IFN- | Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Newborn Mice | Astrocytes and microglia | LRR | P58681.fasta | P58681 | 1050 | It induces a neuroinflammatory response in CNS. | Cytokines assay | 18490763 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0324 | Loxoribine (7-allyl-7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-guanosine) Click for more detail | NA | C=CCN1C2=C(NC(=NC2=O)N)N(C1=O)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | It induces astrocyte activation and up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IFN- | Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Newborn Mice | Astrocytes and microglia | LRR | P58681.fasta | P58681 | 1050 | It induces a neuroinflammatory response in CNS. | Cytokines assay | 18490763 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0327 | MG149 Click for more detail | Mycoplasma genitalium (Bacteria) | CCCCCCCC1=CC=C(C=C1)CCC2=C(C(=CC=C2)O)C(=O)O | NA | Lipoprotein | Natural | On binding to the TLR2, it induces the activation of NF- | Toll-like receptor (TLR1 and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Kidney cell line, 293T | LRR | NA | NA | NA | It has a immunostimulatory role | ELISA | 18474641 | 2008 | NA |
| PRRID_0327 | MG149 Click for more detail | Mycoplasma genitalium (Bacteria) | CCCCCCCC1=CC=C(C=C1)CCC2=C(C(=CC=C2)O)C(=O)O | NA | Lipoprotein | Natural | On binding to the TLR2, it induces the activation of NF- | Toll-like receptor (TLR1 and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Kidney cell line, 293T | LRR | NA | NA | NA | It has a immunostimulatory role | ELISA | 18474641 | 2008 | NA |
| PRRID_0328 | P8 proteoglycolipid Click for more detail | Trypanosoma (Leishmania pifanoi) | NA | NA | Glycolipid | Natural | immunostimulant | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | Macrophages | NA | Q9QUK6.fasta | Q9QUK6 | 835 | NA | Luciferase assay. | 18299340 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0328 | P8 proteoglycolipid Click for more detail | Trypanosoma (Leishmania pifanoi) | NA | NA | Glycolipid | Natural | immunostimulant | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | Macrophages | NA | Q9QUK6.fasta | Q9QUK6 | 835 | NA | Luciferase assay. | 18299340 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0331 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | It leads to the increased p38 MAPK activity and produce antimicrobial peptide β-defensin-2 (mBD-2). | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | Pleural mesothelial cells | NA | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | PGN-activated PMC-derived mBD-2 significantly killed Staphylococcus aureus. | Antimicrobial assay | 18621910 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0331 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | It leads to the increased p38 MAPK activity and produce antimicrobial peptide β-defensin-2 (mBD-2). | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | Pleural mesothelial cells | NA | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | PGN-activated PMC-derived mBD-2 significantly killed Staphylococcus aureus. | Antimicrobial assay | 18621910 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0332 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | PGN stimulation leads to the activation of phospholipase C | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | Macrophages and Dendritic cells | NA | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | It has the role in immuno inflammation. | ELISA | 18233961 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0332 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | PGN stimulation leads to the activation of phospholipase C | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | Macrophages and Dendritic cells | NA | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | It has the role in immuno inflammation. | ELISA | 18233961 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0333 | Plant polysaccharide (EP) Click for more detail | Echinacea purpurea(plant) | NA | NA | Carbohydrate | Natural | It leads to the activation of NF-κB and stimulates the production of IL-6, TNF, IL-12 and NO. | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | Peritoneal macrophages | NA | Q9QUK6.fasta | Q9QUK6 | 835 | Echinacea polysaccharides have immunomodulatory activity. | ELISA | 18618312 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0333 | Plant polysaccharide (EP) Click for more detail | Echinacea purpurea(plant) | NA | NA | Carbohydrate | Natural | It leads to the activation of NF-κB and stimulates the production of IL-6, TNF, IL-12 and NO. | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | Peritoneal macrophages | NA | Q9QUK6.fasta | Q9QUK6 | 835 | Echinacea polysaccharides have immunomodulatory activity. | ELISA | 18618312 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0334 | poly(A:U) Click for more detail | synthetic oligonucleotide (others) | NA | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | Immunostimulant | Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 17981792 | 2008 | NA |
| PRRID_0334 | poly(A:U) Click for more detail | synthetic oligonucleotide (others) | NA | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | Immunostimulant | Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 17981792 | 2008 | NA |
| PRRID_0335 | poly(A:U) Click for more detail | synthetic oligonucleotide (others) | NA | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | Immunostimulant | Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 17981792 | 2008 | NA |
| PRRID_0335 | poly(A:U) Click for more detail | synthetic oligonucleotide (others) | NA | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | Immunostimulant | Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 17981792 | 2008 | NA |
| PRRID_0336 | polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] Click for more detail | NA | C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)C2C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O.C1=NC(=O)C2=C(N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | They produce the proinflammatory molecule ICAM1 and secrete functionally active CCL2 chemokine. | Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | Sertoli cells | LRR | Q99MB1.fasta | Q99MB1 | 905 | Poly (I:C) elicits both inflammatory and antiviral responses in Sertoli cells. | ELISA | 18596219 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0336 | polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] Click for more detail | NA | C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)C2C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O.C1=NC(=O)C2=C(N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | They produce the proinflammatory molecule ICAM1 and secrete functionally active CCL2 chemokine. | Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | Sertoli cells | LRR | Q99MB1.fasta | Q99MB1 | 905 | Poly (I:C) elicits both inflammatory and antiviral responses in Sertoli cells. | ELISA | 18596219 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0337 | polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] Click for more detail | NA | C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)C2C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O.C1=NC(=O)C2=C(N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | It leads to up-regulation of the genes interferon (IFN)-alpha1/alpha2, Mx, CXCL10, IL-1beta, IFN-gamma and CD83. | Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Salmo salar L. | Spleen and head kidney | NA | NA | NA | NA | It resulted into viral recognition, resulting in an enhanced innate immune response. | NA | 18602433 | 2008 | NA |
| PRRID_0337 | polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] Click for more detail | NA | C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)C2C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O.C1=NC(=O)C2=C(N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | It leads to up-regulation of the genes interferon (IFN)-alpha1/alpha2, Mx, CXCL10, IL-1beta, IFN-gamma and CD83. | Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Salmo salar L. | Spleen and head kidney | NA | NA | NA | NA | It resulted into viral recognition, resulting in an enhanced innate immune response. | NA | 18602433 | 2008 | NA |
| PRRID_0338 | polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] Click for more detail | NA | C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)C2C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O.C1=NC(=O)C2=C(N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | Stilmulation leads to the activation of the NF-KappaB. | Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Primary Human Keratinocytes | NA | O15455.fasta | O15455 | 904 | It is responsible for the antiviral defense status. | ELISA | 18684960 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0338 | polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] Click for more detail | NA | C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)C2C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O.C1=NC(=O)C2=C(N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | Stilmulation leads to the activation of the NF-KappaB. | Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Primary Human Keratinocytes | NA | O15455.fasta | O15455 | 904 | It is responsible for the antiviral defense status. | ELISA | 18684960 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0342 | polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] Click for more detail | NA | C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)C2C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O.C1=NC(=O)C2=C(N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | Poly(I:C) stimulate the secretion of cytokines and chemokines such as, IL-6, RANTES/CCL5 and MCP-1/CCL2. | Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Mesothelial cells | NA | O15455.fasta | O15455 | 904 | It leads to the inflammation and infection of mesothelial cells. | ELISA | 19005739 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0342 | polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] Click for more detail | NA | C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)C2C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O.C1=NC(=O)C2=C(N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | Poly(I:C) stimulate the secretion of cytokines and chemokines such as, IL-6, RANTES/CCL5 and MCP-1/CCL2. | Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Mesothelial cells | NA | O15455.fasta | O15455 | 904 | It leads to the inflammation and infection of mesothelial cells. | ELISA | 19005739 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0345 | SalP Click for more detail | Bacteria | NA | NA | Lipoprotein | Natural | Immunostimulant | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | human corneal epithelial | NA | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | NA | Western Blot analysis | 18191935 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0345 | SalP Click for more detail | Bacteria | NA | NA | Lipoprotein | Natural | Immunostimulant | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | human corneal epithelial | NA | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | NA | Western Blot analysis | 18191935 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0346 | single-stranded RNA Click for more detail | Virus | NA | NA | Nucleic Acid | Natural | initiate intracellular signaling cascades that may lead to host inflammation. | Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | epithelial cells | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q9NYK1.fasta | Q9NYK1 | 1049 | NA | immunohistochemistry | 18793367 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0346 | single-stranded RNA Click for more detail | Virus | NA | NA | Nucleic Acid | Natural | initiate intracellular signaling cascades that may lead to host inflammation. | Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | epithelial cells | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q9NYK1.fasta | Q9NYK1 | 1049 | NA | immunohistochemistry | 18793367 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0347 | single-stranded RNA Click for more detail | Virus | NA | NA | Nucleic Acid | Natural | initiate intracellular signaling cascades that may lead to host inflammation. | Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | epithelial cells | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q9NR97.fasta | Q9NR97 | 1041 | NA | immunohistochemistry | 18793367 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0347 | single-stranded RNA Click for more detail | Virus | NA | NA | Nucleic Acid | Natural | initiate intracellular signaling cascades that may lead to host inflammation. | Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | epithelial cells | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q9NR97.fasta | Q9NR97 | 1041 | NA | immunohistochemistry | 18793367 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0349 | Staphylococcus aureus Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | NA | NA | Whole organism | Natural | S. aureus induces IL-8 and TNF-alpha release by CBMC. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Cord Blood-Derived Mast Cells (CBMC) | NA | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | S. aureus adheres to, invades, survives in, and stimulates human mast cells with the involvement of CD48 and TLR2. | ELISA | 18644875 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0349 | Staphylococcus aureus Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | NA | NA | Whole organism | Natural | S. aureus induces IL-8 and TNF-alpha release by CBMC. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Cord Blood-Derived Mast Cells (CBMC) | NA | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | S. aureus adheres to, invades, survives in, and stimulates human mast cells with the involvement of CD48 and TLR2. | ELISA | 18644875 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0350 | T.g.HSP70 Click for more detail | T. gondii (others) | MGSSHHHHHHSSGLVPRGSHMLEMADSPAVGIDLGTTYSCVGVWKNDAVEIIANDQGNRTTPSYVAFTDTERLVGDAAKNQVARNPENTIFDAKRLIGRKFDDPSVQSDMKHWPFKVIAGPGDKPLIEVTYQGEKKTFHPEEVSAMVLGKMKEIAEAYLGKEVKEAVITVLAYFNDSQRQATKDAGTIAGLSVLRIINEPTAAAIAYGLDKKGCGEMNVLIFDMGGGTFDVSLLTIEDGIFEVKATAGDTHLGGEDFDNRLVDFCVQDFKRKNRGKDISTNSRALRRLRTQCERTKRTLSSSIQATIEIDSLFEGIDYSVSISRARFEELCMDYFRNSLLPVEKVLKDSGIDKRSVSEVVLVGGSTRIPKIQQLITDFFNGKEPCRSINPDEAVAYGAAVQAAILKGVTSSQVQDLLLLDVALLSLGLETAGGVMTKLIERNTTIPTKKSQTFTTYADNQPGVLIQVYEGERAMTKDNNLLGKFHLDGIPPAPRGVPQIEVTFDIDANGIMNVTAQDKSTGKSNQITITNDKGRLSASEIDRMVQEAEKYKAEDEQNKHRVEAKNGLENYCYHMRQTLDDEKLKDKISSEDRDTANKAIQEALDWLDKNQLAEKEEFEAKQKEVESVCTPIITKLYQAGAAAGGMPGGMGGMPGGMGGMPGGMGGMPGGMGSGC | 674 | Protein | Natural | It leads to the activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and platelet-activating factor and activated the PAF production. | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | Spleenocytes | NA | Q9QUK6.fasta | Q9QUK6 | 835 | It induces the lethal anaphylactic reaction. | NA | 18667035 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0350 | T.g.HSP70 Click for more detail | T. gondii (others) | MGSSHHHHHHSSGLVPRGSHMLEMADSPAVGIDLGTTYSCVGVWKNDAVEIIANDQGNRTTPSYVAFTDTERLVGDAAKNQVARNPENTIFDAKRLIGRKFDDPSVQSDMKHWPFKVIAGPGDKPLIEVTYQGEKKTFHPEEVSAMVLGKMKEIAEAYLGKEVKEAVITVLAYFNDSQRQATKDAGTIAGLSVLRIINEPTAAAIAYGLDKKGCGEMNVLIFDMGGGTFDVSLLTIEDGIFEVKATAGDTHLGGEDFDNRLVDFCVQDFKRKNRGKDISTNSRALRRLRTQCERTKRTLSSSIQATIEIDSLFEGIDYSVSISRARFEELCMDYFRNSLLPVEKVLKDSGIDKRSVSEVVLVGGSTRIPKIQQLITDFFNGKEPCRSINPDEAVAYGAAVQAAILKGVTSSQVQDLLLLDVALLSLGLETAGGVMTKLIERNTTIPTKKSQTFTTYADNQPGVLIQVYEGERAMTKDNNLLGKFHLDGIPPAPRGVPQIEVTFDIDANGIMNVTAQDKSTGKSNQITITNDKGRLSASEIDRMVQEAEKYKAEDEQNKHRVEAKNGLENYCYHMRQTLDDEKLKDKISSEDRDTANKAIQEALDWLDKNQLAEKEEFEAKQKEVESVCTPIITKLYQAGAAAGGMPGGMGGMPGGMGGMPGGMGGMPGGMGSGC | 674 | Protein | Natural | It leads to the activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and platelet-activating factor and activated the PAF production. | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | Spleenocytes | NA | Q9QUK6.fasta | Q9QUK6 | 835 | It induces the lethal anaphylactic reaction. | NA | 18667035 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0351 | TUL4 Click for more detail | Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Bacteria) | NA | NA | Lipoprotein | Natural | Immunostimulant | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/Toll-like receptor (TLR1 | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | capable of stimulating a proinflammatory response and the cellular receptors they trigger | NA | 18079113 | 2008 | NA |
| PRRID_0351 | TUL4 Click for more detail | Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Bacteria) | NA | NA | Lipoprotein | Natural | Immunostimulant | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/Toll-like receptor (TLR1 | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | capable of stimulating a proinflammatory response and the cellular receptors they trigger | NA | 18079113 | 2008 | NA |
| PRRID_0353 | Unmethylated CpG DNA Click for more detail | Bacteria | NA | NA | NA | Natural | initiate intracellular signaling cascades that may lead to host inflammation. | Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | basal epithelial layer. | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q9NR96.fasta | Q9NR96 | 1032 | NA | immunohistochemistry | 18793367 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0353 | Unmethylated CpG DNA Click for more detail | Bacteria | NA | NA | NA | Natural | initiate intracellular signaling cascades that may lead to host inflammation. | Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | basal epithelial layer. | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q9NR96.fasta | Q9NR96 | 1032 | NA | immunohistochemistry | 18793367 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0357 | Aeromonas hydrophila Click for more detail | A.hydrophilla(Bacteria) | NA | NA | Whole organism | Natural | Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway is trigger by Aeromonas hydrophila infection. | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Gobiocypris rarus | Gill, Heart, Intestine, Kidney, Liver, Muscle and Spleen tissues | LRR | NA | NA | NA | This is responsible for the recognition of the bacteria and elicit the immune response against it. | NA | 19264133 | 2009 | NA |
| PRRID_0357 | Aeromonas hydrophila Click for more detail | A.hydrophilla(Bacteria) | NA | NA | Whole organism | Natural | Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway is trigger by Aeromonas hydrophila infection. | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Gobiocypris rarus | Gill, Heart, Intestine, Kidney, Liver, Muscle and Spleen tissues | LRR | NA | NA | NA | This is responsible for the recognition of the bacteria and elicit the immune response against it. | NA | 19264133 | 2009 | NA |
| PRRID_0362 | Chromosomal DNA Click for more detail | S. gordonii (Bacteria) | NA | NA | Whole organism | Natural | Stimulation elicits the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and IL-12p70. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | Bone-marrow derived Dendritic cells | LRR | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | This activation can be attributed to multiple immunostimulatory components present within S. gordonii bacterial cells. | ELISA | 19284500 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0362 | Chromosomal DNA Click for more detail | S. gordonii (Bacteria) | NA | NA | Whole organism | Natural | Stimulation elicits the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and IL-12p70. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | Bone-marrow derived Dendritic cells | LRR | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | This activation can be attributed to multiple immunostimulatory components present within S. gordonii bacterial cells. | ELISA | 19284500 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0367 | Grass carp reovirus Click for more detail | Grass carp reovirus (virus) | NA | NA | Whole organism | Natural | Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway is trigger by grass carp reovirus. | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Gobiocypris rarus | Gill, Heart, Intestine, Kidney, Liver, Muscle and Spleen tissues | LRR | NA | NA | NA | This is responsible for the recognition of the virus and elicit the immune response against it. | NA | 19264133 | 2009 | NA |
| PRRID_0367 | Grass carp reovirus Click for more detail | Grass carp reovirus (virus) | NA | NA | Whole organism | Natural | Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway is trigger by grass carp reovirus. | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Gobiocypris rarus | Gill, Heart, Intestine, Kidney, Liver, Muscle and Spleen tissues | LRR | NA | NA | NA | This is responsible for the recognition of the virus and elicit the immune response against it. | NA | 19264133 | 2009 | NA |
| PRRID_0370 | Lipoprotein Click for more detail | S. gordonii (Bacteria) | NA | NA | Lipoprotein | Natural | Stimulation elicits the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | Bone-marrow derived Dendritic cells | LRR | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | This activation can be attributed to multiple immunostimulatory components present within S. gordonii bacterial cells. | ELISA | 19284500 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0370 | Lipoprotein Click for more detail | S. gordonii (Bacteria) | NA | NA | Lipoprotein | Natural | Stimulation elicits the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | Bone-marrow derived Dendritic cells | LRR | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | This activation can be attributed to multiple immunostimulatory components present within S. gordonii bacterial cells. | ELISA | 19284500 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0371 | Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC(CO)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | NA | Amphiphile | Natural | It induces the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and CXCL8. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Odontoblasts | LRR | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | It has inflammatory/immune response agianst gram-positive bacteria. | ELISA | 19250704 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0371 | Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC(CO)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | NA | Amphiphile | Natural | It induces the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and CXCL8. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Odontoblasts | LRR | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | It has inflammatory/immune response agianst gram-positive bacteria. | ELISA | 19250704 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0372 | Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC(CO)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | NA | Amphiphile | Natural | It induces the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and CXCL8. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Dental pulp fibroblasts | LRR | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | It has inflammatory/immune response agianst gram-positive bacteria. | ELISA | 19250704 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0372 | Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC(CO)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | NA | Amphiphile | Natural | It induces the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and CXCL8. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Dental pulp fibroblasts | LRR | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | It has inflammatory/immune response agianst gram-positive bacteria. | ELISA | 19250704 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0373 | Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC(CO)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | NA | Amphiphile | Natural | It induces the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and CXCL8. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Immature dendritic cells | LRR | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | It has inflammatory/immune response agianst gram-positive bacteria. | ELISA | 19250704 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0373 | Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC(CO)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | NA | Amphiphile | Natural | It induces the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and CXCL8. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Immature dendritic cells | LRR | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | It has inflammatory/immune response agianst gram-positive bacteria. | ELISA | 19250704 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0374 | Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) Click for more detail | S. gordonii (Bacteria) | C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC(CO)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | NA | Amphiphile | Natural | Stimulation elicits the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | Bone-marrow derived Dendritic cells | LRR | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | This activation can be attributed to multiple immunostimulatory components present within S. gordonii bacterial cells. | ELISA | 19284500 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0374 | Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) Click for more detail | S. gordonii (Bacteria) | C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC(CO)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | NA | Amphiphile | Natural | Stimulation elicits the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | Bone-marrow derived Dendritic cells | LRR | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | This activation can be attributed to multiple immunostimulatory components present within S. gordonii bacterial cells. | ELISA | 19284500 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0375 | MALP-2 (macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2) Click for more detail | NA | C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)CC(C(=O)O)NC(=O)CCC(C(=O)O)N | NA | Lipopeptides | Natural | MALP-2-induced degradation of I | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | lung epithelial cells (small airway lung epithelial (SALE)) | NA | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | This induces the inflammatory response. | NF-kappaB-luciferase reporter assays | 19265130 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0375 | MALP-2 (macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2) Click for more detail | NA | C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)CC(C(=O)O)NC(=O)CCC(C(=O)O)N | NA | Lipopeptides | Natural | MALP-2-induced degradation of I | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | lung epithelial cells (small airway lung epithelial (SALE)) | NA | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | This induces the inflammatory response. | NF-kappaB-luciferase reporter assays | 19265130 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0376 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | S. gordonii (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | Stimulation elicits the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | Bone-marrow derived Dendritic cells | LRR | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | This activation can be attributed to multiple immunostimulatory components present within S. gordonii bacterial cells. | ELISA | 19284500 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0376 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | S. gordonii (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | Stimulation elicits the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | Bone-marrow derived Dendritic cells | LRR | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | This activation can be attributed to multiple immunostimulatory components present within S. gordonii bacterial cells. | ELISA | 19284500 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0377 | polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] Click for more detail | NA | C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)C2C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O.C1=NC(=O)C2=C(N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | Poly (I:C) induces the generation of IRF3-dependent type I IFN and triggers the activation of the Rho GTPase RhoA, which leads to the activation of NF-kappaB. | Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | lung epithelial cells (small airway lung epithelial (SALE)) | NA | O15455.fasta | O15455 | 904 | This induces the inflammatory response. | NF-kappaB-luciferase reporter assays | 19265130 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0377 | polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] Click for more detail | NA | C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)C2C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O.C1=NC(=O)C2=C(N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | Poly (I:C) induces the generation of IRF3-dependent type I IFN and triggers the activation of the Rho GTPase RhoA, which leads to the activation of NF-kappaB. | Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | lung epithelial cells (small airway lung epithelial (SALE)) | NA | O15455.fasta | O15455 | 904 | This induces the inflammatory response. | NF-kappaB-luciferase reporter assays | 19265130 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0379 | SIMRA Compound 1 Click for more detail | NA | 5'-UGCUGCUUGUG-X-GUGUUCGUCGU-5' | 23 | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | Stminulation leads to the activation of NF-kappaB, leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines | Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | HEK293XL cells | NA | Q9NR97.fasta | Q9NR97 | 1041 | This induces the inflammatory response. | NA | 19269175 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0379 | SIMRA Compound 1 Click for more detail | NA | 5'-UGCUGCUUGUG-X-GUGUUCGUCGU-5' | 23 | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | Stminulation leads to the activation of NF-kappaB, leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines | Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | HEK293XL cells | NA | Q9NR97.fasta | Q9NR97 | 1041 | This induces the inflammatory response. | NA | 19269175 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0380 | SIMRA Compound 1 Click for more detail | NA | 5'-UGCUGCUUGUG-X-GUGUUCGUCGU-5' | 23 | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | SIMRA compounds containing arabinonucleotides induced Th1-type cytokine/chemokine profiles in human PBMC cultures such as IL-1β, IL-2R, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-α, IFN-γ, MCP-1, RANTES, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TNF-α. | Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | PBMCs | NA | Q9NR97.fasta | Q9NR97 | 1041 | This induces the inflammatory response. | PBMC assay | 19269175 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0380 | SIMRA Compound 1 Click for more detail | NA | 5'-UGCUGCUUGUG-X-GUGUUCGUCGU-5' | 23 | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | SIMRA compounds containing arabinonucleotides induced Th1-type cytokine/chemokine profiles in human PBMC cultures such as IL-1β, IL-2R, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-α, IFN-γ, MCP-1, RANTES, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TNF-α. | Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | PBMCs | NA | Q9NR97.fasta | Q9NR97 | 1041 | This induces the inflammatory response. | PBMC assay | 19269175 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0381 | SIMRA Compound 1 Click for more detail | NA | 5'-UGCUGCUUGUG-X-GUGUUCGUCGU-5' | 23 | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | SIMRA compounds containing arabinonucleotides induces the cytokines production in human pDCs cultures such as IFN-γ, IFN-α, IL-12, TNF-α, MIP-1α, MIP-1β. | Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | pDCs | NA | Q9NR97.fasta | Q9NR97 | 1041 | This induces the inflammatory response. | NA | 19269175 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0381 | SIMRA Compound 1 Click for more detail | NA | 5'-UGCUGCUUGUG-X-GUGUUCGUCGU-5' | 23 | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | SIMRA compounds containing arabinonucleotides induces the cytokines production in human pDCs cultures such as IFN-γ, IFN-α, IL-12, TNF-α, MIP-1α, MIP-1β. | Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | pDCs | NA | Q9NR97.fasta | Q9NR97 | 1041 | This induces the inflammatory response. | NA | 19269175 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0382 | SIMRA Compound 2 Click for more detail | NA | 5'-UG*CUG*CUUG*UG*-X-G*UG*UUCG*UCG*U-5' | 23 | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | Stminulation leads to the activation of NF-kappaB, leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines | Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | HEK293XL cells | NA | Q9NR97.fasta | Q9NR97 | 1041 | This induces the inflammatory response. | NA | 19269175 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0382 | SIMRA Compound 2 Click for more detail | NA | 5'-UG*CUG*CUUG*UG*-X-G*UG*UUCG*UCG*U-5' | 23 | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | Stminulation leads to the activation of NF-kappaB, leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines | Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | HEK293XL cells | NA | Q9NR97.fasta | Q9NR97 | 1041 | This induces the inflammatory response. | NA | 19269175 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |