Browse result page of PRRDB 2.0
| PRRID | Name of Ligand | Source of ligand | Sequence of Ligand | Length of Ligand | Type of Ligand | Occurence | Role of Ligand | Name of Receptor | Type of Reeptor | Source of the Receptor | Localization | Domain | Sequence of Receptor | Swiss prot ID | Length of receptor | Function of Receptor | Assay used | PMID | Year of publication | Pubchem assay |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRRID_0074 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | Peptidoglycan recognition by TLR 2 leads to the activation of NF-KB, which leads to the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Fibroblasts | LRR | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | TLR2 is responsible for recognzing the cell wall components of the gram-positive bacteria and induces the respective immune response. | EMSA | 10384090 | 1999 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0074 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | Peptidoglycan recognition by TLR 2 leads to the activation of NF-KB, which leads to the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Fibroblasts | LRR | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | TLR2 is responsible for recognzing the cell wall components of the gram-positive bacteria and induces the respective immune response. | EMSA | 10384090 | 1999 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0089 | Murabutide Click for more detail | MDP (others) | CCCCOC(=O)C(CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(C)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)NC(=O)C | NA | Peptidoglycan | Synthetic | Stimulation with murabutide leads to the significant release of TNF-a, IL-6, MIP-1a, MIP-1b, RANTES and high levels of beta-chemokines. | NA | NA | Human | Monocytes-derived macrophages and dendritic cells | NA | NA | NA | NA | Murabutide has the capacity to enhance nonspecific resistance against viral infections and to target cells of the reticuloendothelial system. | ELISA | 10933686 | 2000 | NA |
| PRRID_0089 | Murabutide Click for more detail | MDP (others) | CCCCOC(=O)C(CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(C)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)NC(=O)C | NA | Peptidoglycan | Synthetic | Stimulation with murabutide leads to the significant release of TNF-a, IL-6, MIP-1a, MIP-1b, RANTES and high levels of beta-chemokines. | NA | NA | Human | Monocytes-derived macrophages and dendritic cells | NA | NA | NA | NA | Murabutide has the capacity to enhance nonspecific resistance against viral infections and to target cells of the reticuloendothelial system. | ELISA | 10933686 | 2000 | NA |
| PRRID_0181 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Gram-positive bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | PGN is known to be a potent activator of NF-κB and TNF-α through TLR2 | Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 1 (Nod1) | NOD-like receptor (NLR) | Human | HEK293T (human embryonic kidney 293T cells) | NA | Q9Y239.fasta | Q9Y239 | 953 | play key roles in regulation of innate immune response. NLRs can cooperate with Toll-like receptors and regulate inflammatory and apoptotic response. | NA | 12871942 | 2003 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0181 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Gram-positive bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | PGN is known to be a potent activator of NF-κB and TNF-α through TLR2 | Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 1 (Nod1) | NOD-like receptor (NLR) | Human | HEK293T (human embryonic kidney 293T cells) | NA | Q9Y239.fasta | Q9Y239 | 953 | play key roles in regulation of innate immune response. NLRs can cooperate with Toll-like receptors and regulate inflammatory and apoptotic response. | NA | 12871942 | 2003 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0226 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Gram-positive bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | PGN is known to be a potent activator of NF-κB and TNF-α through TLR2 | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | monocytic cell line | extracellular leucine-rich mo- tifs, and a cytoplasmic domain called the Toll/IL-1R homology domain | NA | NA | NA | TLR2 is involved in the specific recognition of a wide range of ligands, either as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with TLR1 or TLR6. | ELISA | 15661917 | 2005 | NA |
| PRRID_0226 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Gram-positive bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | PGN is known to be a potent activator of NF-κB and TNF-α through TLR2 | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | monocytic cell line | extracellular leucine-rich mo- tifs, and a cytoplasmic domain called the Toll/IL-1R homology domain | NA | NA | NA | TLR2 is involved in the specific recognition of a wide range of ligands, either as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with TLR1 or TLR6. | ELISA | 15661917 | 2005 | NA |
| PRRID_0329 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | PGN binds to vitellogenin with high affinity. | Vitellogenin | Phospholipoglycoprotein | Hexagrammos otakii | Macropahes | NA | NA | NA | NA | Vg is involved in anti-infectious response, functions as an opsonin that can enhance macrophage phagocytosis. | ELISA | 18398466 | 2008 | NA |
| PRRID_0329 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | PGN binds to vitellogenin with high affinity. | Vitellogenin | Phospholipoglycoprotein | Hexagrammos otakii | Macropahes | NA | NA | NA | NA | Vg is involved in anti-infectious response, functions as an opsonin that can enhance macrophage phagocytosis. | ELISA | 18398466 | 2008 | NA |
| PRRID_0330 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | BbFREP can specifically bind PGN. | BbFREP | Multivalent Pattern recognition receptor (PRR) | Amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri) | hepatic caecum | fibrinogen-like (FBG) domain | NA | NA | NA | It leads to the bacteriolytic activity via interaction with PGN. | ELISA | 18533266 | 2008 | NA |
| PRRID_0330 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | BbFREP can specifically bind PGN. | BbFREP | Multivalent Pattern recognition receptor (PRR) | Amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri) | hepatic caecum | fibrinogen-like (FBG) domain | NA | NA | NA | It leads to the bacteriolytic activity via interaction with PGN. | ELISA | 18533266 | 2008 | NA |
| PRRID_0331 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | It leads to the increased p38 MAPK activity and produce antimicrobial peptide β-defensin-2 (mBD-2). | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | Pleural mesothelial cells | NA | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | PGN-activated PMC-derived mBD-2 significantly killed Staphylococcus aureus. | Antimicrobial assay | 18621910 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0331 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | It leads to the increased p38 MAPK activity and produce antimicrobial peptide β-defensin-2 (mBD-2). | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | Pleural mesothelial cells | NA | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | PGN-activated PMC-derived mBD-2 significantly killed Staphylococcus aureus. | Antimicrobial assay | 18621910 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0332 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | PGN stimulation leads to the activation of phospholipase C | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | Macrophages and Dendritic cells | NA | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | It has the role in immuno inflammation. | ELISA | 18233961 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0332 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | PGN stimulation leads to the activation of phospholipase C | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | Macrophages and Dendritic cells | NA | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | It has the role in immuno inflammation. | ELISA | 18233961 | 2008 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0376 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | S. gordonii (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | Stimulation elicits the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | Bone-marrow derived Dendritic cells | LRR | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | This activation can be attributed to multiple immunostimulatory components present within S. gordonii bacterial cells. | ELISA | 19284500 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0376 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | S. gordonii (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | Stimulation elicits the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | Bone-marrow derived Dendritic cells | LRR | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | This activation can be attributed to multiple immunostimulatory components present within S. gordonii bacterial cells. | ELISA | 19284500 | 2009 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0459 | Derivatives of peptidoglycans Click for more detail | Legionella pneumophila (Bacteria) | NA | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | The interaction leads to the secretion system that facilitates the delivery of bacterial proteins into the host cell cytoplasm(dot/Icm/TFSS) | Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 1 (Nod1) | NOD-like receptor (NLR) | Mice (Murine) | Aveolar macrphages | NA | Q8BHB0.fasta | Q8BHB0 | 953 | It leads to the strong neutrophil infiltartion in the infected mice lungs | NA | 20685341 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0459 | Derivatives of peptidoglycans Click for more detail | Legionella pneumophila (Bacteria) | NA | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | The interaction leads to the secretion system that facilitates the delivery of bacterial proteins into the host cell cytoplasm(dot/Icm/TFSS) | Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 1 (Nod1) | NOD-like receptor (NLR) | Mice (Murine) | Aveolar macrphages | NA | Q8BHB0.fasta | Q8BHB0 | 953 | It leads to the strong neutrophil infiltartion in the infected mice lungs | NA | 20685341 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0460 | Derivatives of peptidoglycans Click for more detail | Legionella pneumophila (Bacteria) | NA | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | The interaction leads to the secretion system that facilitates the delivery of bacterial proteins into the host cell cytoplasm(dot/Icm/TFSS) | Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 2 (Nod2) | NOD-like receptor (NLR) | Mice (Murine) | Aveolar macrphages | NA | Q8K3Z0.fasta | Q8K3Z0 | 1020 | It leads to the strong neutrophil infiltartion in the infected mice lungs | NA | 20685341 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0460 | Derivatives of peptidoglycans Click for more detail | Legionella pneumophila (Bacteria) | NA | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | The interaction leads to the secretion system that facilitates the delivery of bacterial proteins into the host cell cytoplasm(dot/Icm/TFSS) | Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 2 (Nod2) | NOD-like receptor (NLR) | Mice (Murine) | Aveolar macrphages | NA | Q8K3Z0.fasta | Q8K3Z0 | 1020 | It leads to the strong neutrophil infiltartion in the infected mice lungs | NA | 20685341 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0650 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | Their binding to the TLR2 leads to the activation of the downstream signalling | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | C57/BL Mice cell line | NA | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | O53505.fasta | O53505 | 227 | maturation of the Dendritic cells | NA | 20795386 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0650 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | Their binding to the TLR2 leads to the activation of the downstream signalling | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | C57/BL Mice cell line | NA | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | O53505.fasta | O53505 | 227 | maturation of the Dendritic cells | NA | 20795386 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0669 | Lys-type PGN Click for more detail | Gram-positive bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | NA | PGRP-S1 | Peptidoglycan Recognition Receptor (PGRPs) | Chlamys farreri | mantle, gill, kidney and gonad | NA | Q9VYX7.fasta | Q9VYX7 | 203 | It leads to the degradation of PGN, induction of phagocytosis and activation of prophenoloxidase (proPO) system | NA | 20713100 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0669 | Lys-type PGN Click for more detail | Gram-positive bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | NA | PGRP-S1 | Peptidoglycan Recognition Receptor (PGRPs) | Chlamys farreri | mantle, gill, kidney and gonad | NA | Q9VYX7.fasta | Q9VYX7 | 203 | It leads to the degradation of PGN, induction of phagocytosis and activation of prophenoloxidase (proPO) system | NA | 20713100 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0678 | meso-diaminopimelic Dap-type PGN Click for more detail | Gram-positive bacteria | NA | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | NA | PGRP-S1 | Peptidoglycan Recognition Receptor (PGRPs) | Chlamys farreri | mantle, gill, kidney and gonad | NA | Q9VYX7.fasta | Q9VYX7 | 203 | It leads to the degradation of PGN, induction of phagocytosis and activation of prophenoloxidase (proPO) system | NA | 20713100 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0678 | meso-diaminopimelic Dap-type PGN Click for more detail | Gram-positive bacteria | NA | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | NA | PGRP-S1 | Peptidoglycan Recognition Receptor (PGRPs) | Chlamys farreri | mantle, gill, kidney and gonad | NA | Q9VYX7.fasta | Q9VYX7 | 203 | It leads to the degradation of PGN, induction of phagocytosis and activation of prophenoloxidase (proPO) system | NA | 20713100 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0722 | Pam2Cys Click for more detail | B. burgdorferi(Bacteria) | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CSCC(C(=O)O)N)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | NA | Peptidoglycan | Synthetic | Induction of protective immunity correlated with the development of Abs against an epitope on the C-terminus of OspA | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | dendritic cells, macrophages and lymphocytes | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | It has the role in the inflammation. | NA | 20713100 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0722 | Pam2Cys Click for more detail | B. burgdorferi(Bacteria) | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CSCC(C(=O)O)N)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | NA | Peptidoglycan | Synthetic | Induction of protective immunity correlated with the development of Abs against an epitope on the C-terminus of OspA | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | dendritic cells, macrophages and lymphocytes | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | It has the role in the inflammation. | NA | 20713100 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0725 | Pam3Cys Click for more detail | Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (others) | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NC(CSCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)O | NA | Peptidoglycan | Synthetic | Vaccine targeting malaria | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | dendritic cells, macrophages and lymphocytes | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | It has the role in the inflammation. | NA | 20713100 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0725 | Pam3Cys Click for more detail | Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (others) | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NC(CSCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)O | NA | Peptidoglycan | Synthetic | Vaccine targeting malaria | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | dendritic cells, macrophages and lymphocytes | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | It has the role in the inflammation. | NA | 20713100 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0726 | Pam3CysSK4 Click for more detail | Bacteria | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NC(CSCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)O | NA | Peptidoglycan | Synthetic | NA | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | CNS | NA | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | NA | NA | NA | It causes neurodegeneration | NA | 20706642 | 2010 | NA |
| PRRID_0726 | Pam3CysSK4 Click for more detail | Bacteria | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NC(CSCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)O | NA | Peptidoglycan | Synthetic | NA | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | CNS | NA | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | NA | NA | NA | It causes neurodegeneration | NA | 20706642 | 2010 | NA |
| PRRID_0727 | Pam3CysSK4 Click for more detail | Bacteria | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NC(CSCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)O | NA | Peptidoglycan | Synthetic | NA | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | Macropahges | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | Helps in IgM production and clear pathogen from blood | NA | 20696824 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0727 | Pam3CysSK4 Click for more detail | Bacteria | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NC(CSCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)O | NA | Peptidoglycan | Synthetic | NA | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | Macropahges | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | Helps in IgM production and clear pathogen from blood | NA | 20696824 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0728 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | On binding to the receptor it leads to the release of an array of cytokines | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | P815 cells | NA | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | Immunostimulation and inflammation | NA | 20798518 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0728 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | On binding to the receptor it leads to the release of an array of cytokines | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | P815 cells | NA | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | Immunostimulation and inflammation | NA | 20798518 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0729 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Escherichia coli, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas ae | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | Activates NF-KB which results in the processing and release of the proinfl ammatory cytokines IL-1β, which results into pathogen clearance and sepsis resistance | Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 1 (Nod1) | NOD-like receptor (NLR) | Human | NA | NA | Q9Y239.fasta | Q9Y239 | 953 | It results into pathogen clearance and sepsis resistance | NA | 20740341 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0729 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Escherichia coli, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas ae | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | Activates NF-KB which results in the processing and release of the proinfl ammatory cytokines IL-1β, which results into pathogen clearance and sepsis resistance | Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 1 (Nod1) | NOD-like receptor (NLR) | Human | NA | NA | Q9Y239.fasta | Q9Y239 | 953 | It results into pathogen clearance and sepsis resistance | NA | 20740341 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0730 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Gram-positive bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | Peptidoglycan is the potent activator of the TLR2 | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | stage 3-4 CKD and HD patients | CD14+ Monocytes | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | It has the role in the inflammation. | NA | 20729266 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0730 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Gram-positive bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | Peptidoglycan is the potent activator of the TLR2 | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | stage 3-4 CKD and HD patients | CD14+ Monocytes | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | It has the role in the inflammation. | NA | 20729266 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0731 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | NA | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | dendritic cells, macrophages and lymphocytes | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | NA | NA | 20713100 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0731 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | NA | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | dendritic cells, macrophages and lymphocytes | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | NA | NA | 20713100 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0732 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Gram-positive bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | NA | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | Microglia | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | It boosted the ingestion of Alzheimer’s disease neurotoxic Amyloid β (Aβ) protein in vitro | NA | 20706642 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0732 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Gram-positive bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | NA | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | Microglia | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | It boosted the ingestion of Alzheimer’s disease neurotoxic Amyloid β (Aβ) protein in vitro | NA | 20706642 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0733 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | E. coli K12(Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | NA | Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 2 (Nod2) | NOD-like receptor (NLR) | Mice (Murine) | Macropahges | NA | Q8K3Z0.fasta | Q8K3Z0 | 1020 | NA | NA | 20696824 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0733 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | E. coli K12(Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | NA | Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 2 (Nod2) | NOD-like receptor (NLR) | Mice (Murine) | Macropahges | NA | Q8K3Z0.fasta | Q8K3Z0 | 1020 | NA | NA | 20696824 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0734 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | PGN binds to the LGBP and induce innate immunity | Lipopolysaccharide and b-1, 3-glucan binding protein (LGBP) | Pattern recognition receptor (PRR) | Chlamys farreri | Hemocytes, gills and mantle | NA | NA | NA | NA | It is involved in pathogens recognition and bacterial agglutination. | NA | 20659562 | 2010 | NA |
| PRRID_0734 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | PGN binds to the LGBP and induce innate immunity | Lipopolysaccharide and b-1, 3-glucan binding protein (LGBP) | Pattern recognition receptor (PRR) | Chlamys farreri | Hemocytes, gills and mantle | NA | NA | NA | NA | It is involved in pathogens recognition and bacterial agglutination. | NA | 20659562 | 2010 | NA |
| PRRID_0735 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Gram-positive bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | Upon recogniton by the TLR, it induces induces the recruitment of adaptor proteins MyD88,/TIRAP and aloow the rerutiment of downstream effector | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Cell surface | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | It leadsto the secretion of the proinfalmmatory cytokines | NA | 20620129 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0735 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Gram-positive bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | Upon recogniton by the TLR, it induces induces the recruitment of adaptor proteins MyD88,/TIRAP and aloow the rerutiment of downstream effector | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Cell surface | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | It leadsto the secretion of the proinfalmmatory cytokines | NA | 20620129 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0736 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | streptomyces species (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | It's binding induces the production of IL6, IL8, MMP3 and MMP1 | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Fibroblast Like Synoviocytes (FLS) | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | It has a role in the pathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and cartilage destruction | ELISA | 20571165 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0736 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | streptomyces species (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | It's binding induces the production of IL6, IL8, MMP3 and MMP1 | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Fibroblast Like Synoviocytes (FLS) | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | It has a role in the pathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and cartilage destruction | ELISA | 20571165 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0737 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | PGN induced iNOS, COX-2 and proinflammatory cytokine expression was mediated through the TLR2/MyD88/PI3-kinase/AKT pathway, which in turn initiates IKKα/β and NF-κB. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | Microglial cells | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | It enhances proinflammatory cytokine expression | Transfection and reporter gene assay | 20451669 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0737 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | PGN induced iNOS, COX-2 and proinflammatory cytokine expression was mediated through the TLR2/MyD88/PI3-kinase/AKT pathway, which in turn initiates IKKα/β and NF-κB. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice (Murine) | Microglial cells | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | It enhances proinflammatory cytokine expression | Transfection and reporter gene assay | 20451669 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0738 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Borrelia burgdorferi(Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | Peptidoglycans are recognized by active NOD2 molecules and the adaptor molecule RICK is recruited, which ultimately leads to activation of NF-kB and transcription of cytokines | Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 2 (Nod2) | NOD-like receptor (NLR) | Mice | PBMCs | NA | Q8K3Z0.fasta | Q8K3Z0 | 1020 | It aids in the induction of inflammtory reaction against Borrelia burgdorferi | ELISA | 20441518 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0738 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Borrelia burgdorferi(Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | Peptidoglycans are recognized by active NOD2 molecules and the adaptor molecule RICK is recruited, which ultimately leads to activation of NF-kB and transcription of cytokines | Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 2 (Nod2) | NOD-like receptor (NLR) | Mice | PBMCs | NA | Q8K3Z0.fasta | Q8K3Z0 | 1020 | It aids in the induction of inflammtory reaction against Borrelia burgdorferi | ELISA | 20441518 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0739 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Borrelia burgdorferi(Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | Peptidoglycans are recognized by active NOD2 molecules and the adaptor molecule RICK is recruited, which ultimately leads to activation of NF-kB and transcription of cytokines | Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 2 (Nod2) | NOD-like receptor (NLR) | Human | PBMCs | NA | Q9HC29.fasta | Q9HC29 | 1040 | It aids in the induction of inflammtory reaction against Borrelia burgdorferi | ELISA | 20441518 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0739 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Borrelia burgdorferi(Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | Peptidoglycans are recognized by active NOD2 molecules and the adaptor molecule RICK is recruited, which ultimately leads to activation of NF-kB and transcription of cytokines | Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 2 (Nod2) | NOD-like receptor (NLR) | Human | PBMCs | NA | Q9HC29.fasta | Q9HC29 | 1040 | It aids in the induction of inflammtory reaction against Borrelia burgdorferi | ELISA | 20441518 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0740 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Gram-negative bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Synthetic | It mediates the effect through a TLR2/PI3K/Aktdependent mechanism. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | Heart | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | It induces induce cardioprotection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury | EMSA | 20421349 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0740 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Gram-negative bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Synthetic | It mediates the effect through a TLR2/PI3K/Aktdependent mechanism. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | Heart | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | It induces induce cardioprotection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury | EMSA | 20421349 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0741 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | It is the responsive PAMP for the FcLec5 | FcLec5 | C type Lectin (CTL/CLR) | Fenneropenaeus chinensis | hepatopancreas | CRD | NA | NA | NA | It elicit the immune response, which leads to the clearance of bacteria | ELISA | 20349323 | 2010 | NA |
| PRRID_0741 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | It is the responsive PAMP for the FcLec5 | FcLec5 | C type Lectin (CTL/CLR) | Fenneropenaeus chinensis | hepatopancreas | CRD | NA | NA | NA | It elicit the immune response, which leads to the clearance of bacteria | ELISA | 20349323 | 2010 | NA |
| PRRID_0742 | Pam3Cys Click for more detail | B. burgdorferi(Bacteria) | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NC(CSCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)O | NA | Peptidoglycan | Synthetic | Induction of protective immunity correlated with the development of Abs against an epitope on the C-terminus of OspA | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | dendritic cells, macrophages and lymphocytes | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | It has the role in the inflammation. | NA | 20713100 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0742 | Pam3Cys Click for more detail | B. burgdorferi(Bacteria) | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NC(CSCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)O | NA | Peptidoglycan | Synthetic | Induction of protective immunity correlated with the development of Abs against an epitope on the C-terminus of OspA | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | dendritic cells, macrophages and lymphocytes | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | It has the role in the inflammation. | NA | 20713100 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0743 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Vibrio anguillarum and Micrococcus lysodeikticus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | NA | PGRP-S1 | Peptidoglycan Recognition Receptor (PGRPs) | Chlamys farreri | mantle, gill, kidney and gonad | NA | Q9VYX7.fasta | Q9VYX7 | 203 | It leads to the degradation of PGN, induction of phagocytosis and activation of prophenoloxidase (proPO) system | ELISA | 20713100 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0743 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Vibrio anguillarum and Micrococcus lysodeikticus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | NA | PGRP-S1 | Peptidoglycan Recognition Receptor (PGRPs) | Chlamys farreri | mantle, gill, kidney and gonad | NA | Q9VYX7.fasta | Q9VYX7 | 203 | It leads to the degradation of PGN, induction of phagocytosis and activation of prophenoloxidase (proPO) system | ELISA | 20713100 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0745 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Gram-positive bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | Augment cytokines and chemokines expression and promoting enhanced PMN transalveolar migration and exaggerated lung inflammation in response to invading pathogens | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | Lung's endothelial cell | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | It has the role in the inflammation. | NA | 20706658 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0745 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Gram-positive bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | Augment cytokines and chemokines expression and promoting enhanced PMN transalveolar migration and exaggerated lung inflammation in response to invading pathogens | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | Lung's endothelial cell | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | It has the role in the inflammation. | NA | 20706658 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0746 | PGNmonomer Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | It initiates the activation of NF- | Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 2 (Nod2) | NOD-like receptor (NLR) | Mice (Murine) | NA | NA | Q8K3Z0.fasta | Q8K3Z0 | 1020 | It act as potent costimulator of the innate immune system in the presence of TLR signals | Luciferase assay | 20522786 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0746 | PGNmonomer Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | It initiates the activation of NF- | Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 2 (Nod2) | NOD-like receptor (NLR) | Mice (Murine) | NA | NA | Q8K3Z0.fasta | Q8K3Z0 | 1020 | It act as potent costimulator of the innate immune system in the presence of TLR signals | Luciferase assay | 20522786 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0747 | PGNpolymer Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | It initiates the activation of NF- | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | HEK293 | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | It induced murine dendritic cell (DC) maturation and cytokine production. | Luciferase assay | 20522786 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0747 | PGNpolymer Click for more detail | S. aureus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | It initiates the activation of NF- | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | HEK293 | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | It induced murine dendritic cell (DC) maturation and cytokine production. | Luciferase assay | 20522786 | 2010 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0946 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | elicit innate immune response | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Myeloid cells, T cells, microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, neurons | NA | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | significant role in the pathogenesis of severe inflammatory responses | NA | 21982558 | 2011 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0946 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | elicit innate immune response | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | Myeloid cells, T cells, microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, neurons | NA | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | significant role in the pathogenesis of severe inflammatory responses | NA | 21982558 | 2011 | Pubchem Assay |
| PRRID_0947 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Gram-positive bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | elicit innate immune response | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | significant role in the pathogenesis of severe inflammatory responses | NA | 21955443 | 2011 | NA |
| PRRID_0947 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Gram-positive bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | elicit innate immune response | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | significant role in the pathogenesis of severe inflammatory responses | NA | 21955443 | 2011 | NA |
| PRRID_1115 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | elicit innate immune response | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | TRIF mutant (C57BL/6J-Ticam1Lps2) mice | bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) culture | Toll/IL-1R (TIR) domain | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | significant role in the pathogenesis of severe inflammatory responses | Quantitative Real Time PCR, Cell Viability Assays, Immunoblot and Immunoprecipitations | 24019532 | 2013 | Pubchem_assay |
| PRRID_1115 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | elicit innate immune response | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | TRIF mutant (C57BL/6J-Ticam1Lps2) mice | bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) culture | Toll/IL-1R (TIR) domain | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | significant role in the pathogenesis of severe inflammatory responses | Quantitative Real Time PCR, Cell Viability Assays, Immunoblot and Immunoprecipitations | 24019532 | 2013 | Pubchem_assay |
| PRRID_1116 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Gram-positive bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | elicit innate immune response | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | testis, epididymis, vasa deferens, prostate and prepuce | NA | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | significant role in the pathogenesis of severe inflammatory responses | RT-PCR, Quantitative real-time PCR | 23998272 | 2013 | Pubchem_assay |
| PRRID_1116 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Gram-positive bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | elicit innate immune response | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | testis, epididymis, vasa deferens, prostate and prepuce | NA | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | significant role in the pathogenesis of severe inflammatory responses | RT-PCR, Quantitative real-time PCR | 23998272 | 2013 | Pubchem_assay |
| PRRID_1117 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Staphylococcus staphylolyticus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | elicit innate immune response | PcLec5 | C type Lectin (CTL/CLR) | red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) | hepatopancreas, gills and intestine | carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) | NA | NA | NA | play important roles in the innate immune system of crustaceans | ELISA | 23989040 | 2013 | NA |
| PRRID_1117 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Staphylococcus staphylolyticus (Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | elicit innate immune response | PcLec5 | C type Lectin (CTL/CLR) | red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) | hepatopancreas, gills and intestine | carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) | NA | NA | NA | play important roles in the innate immune system of crustaceans | ELISA | 23989040 | 2013 | NA |
| PRRID_1118 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Treponema maltophilum (others) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | Play an important role in infectious inflammatory responses. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | monocyte/macrophages, DCs, B-lymphocytes | extracellular domains of leucine-rich repeat motifs | NA | NA | NA | significant role in the pathogenesis of severe inflammatory responses | NA | 23985302 | 2013 | NA |
| PRRID_1118 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Treponema maltophilum (others) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | Play an important role in infectious inflammatory responses. | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | monocyte/macrophages, DCs, B-lymphocytes | extracellular domains of leucine-rich repeat motifs | NA | NA | NA | significant role in the pathogenesis of severe inflammatory responses | NA | 23985302 | 2013 | NA |
| PRRID_1119 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Gram-positive bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | elicit innate immune response | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | monocyte/macrophages, DCs, B-lymphocytes | extracellular domains of leucine-rich repeat motifs | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | significant role in the pathogenesis of severe inflammatory responses | NA | 23985302 | 2013 | Pubchem_assay |
| PRRID_1119 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Gram-positive bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | elicit innate immune response | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Mice | monocyte/macrophages, DCs, B-lymphocytes | extracellular domains of leucine-rich repeat motifs | Q9QUN7.fasta | Q9QUN7 | 784 | significant role in the pathogenesis of severe inflammatory responses | NA | 23985302 | 2013 | Pubchem_assay |
| PRRID_1120 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Bacillus subtilis(Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | elicit innate immune response | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | HEK293 cells | NA | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | significant role in the pathogenesis of severe inflammatory responses | NF- | 24098508 | 2013 | Pubchem_assay |
| PRRID_1120 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Bacillus subtilis(Bacteria) | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | elicit innate immune response | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) | Toll-like receptor (TLR) | Human | HEK293 cells | NA | O60603.fasta | O60603 | 784 | significant role in the pathogenesis of severe inflammatory responses | NF- | 24098508 | 2013 | Pubchem_assay |
| PRRID_1465 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | NA | rAi- FREP-2 | Pattern recognition receptor (PRR) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 24680667 | 2014 | NA |
| PRRID_1465 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | NA | rAi- FREP-2 | Pattern recognition receptor (PRR) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 24680667 | 2014 | NA |
| PRRID_1468 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | NA | ERGIC-53 | Pattern recognition receptor (PRR) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 24796868 | 2014 | NA |
| PRRID_1468 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | NA | ERGIC-53 | Pattern recognition receptor (PRR) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 24796868 | 2014 | NA |
| PRRID_1492 | muramyl dipeptide (MDP) Click for more detail | Gram-positive and negative bacteria | CC(C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N)NC(=O)C(C)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)NC(=O)C | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | leads to cytokine activation, especially IL-1α and IL-1β. | Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 2 (Nod2) | NOD-like receptor (NLR) | Human | peripheral mononuclear cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) from CD pateints | intracellular receptors | Q9HC29.fasta | Q9HC29 | 1040 | Innate immune responses mediated by NOD2, including production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides, as well as induction of autophagy, are thought to have a central role in the pathogenesis of CD and these processes are impaired in patients homozygous for NOD2 mutations | ELISA | 24781050 | 2014 | Pubchem_assay |
| PRRID_1492 | muramyl dipeptide (MDP) Click for more detail | Gram-positive and negative bacteria | CC(C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N)NC(=O)C(C)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)NC(=O)C | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | leads to cytokine activation, especially IL-1α and IL-1β. | Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 2 (Nod2) | NOD-like receptor (NLR) | Human | peripheral mononuclear cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) from CD pateints | intracellular receptors | Q9HC29.fasta | Q9HC29 | 1040 | Innate immune responses mediated by NOD2, including production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides, as well as induction of autophagy, are thought to have a central role in the pathogenesis of CD and these processes are impaired in patients homozygous for NOD2 mutations | ELISA | 24781050 | 2014 | Pubchem_assay |
| PRRID_1509 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | NA | VIP36 | Pattern recognition receptor (PRR) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 24796868 | 2014 | NA |
| PRRID_1509 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | NA | VIP36 | Pattern recognition receptor (PRR) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 24796868 | 2014 | NA |
| PRRID_1535 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Gram-positive bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | PGN is known to be a potent activator of NF-κB and TNF-α through TLR2 | Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 1 (Nod1) | NOD-like receptor (NLR) | Human | lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and also in nonimmune cells, for example in epithelium | Intracellular receptors | Q9Y239.fasta | Q9Y239 | 953 | play key roles in regulation of innate immune response. NLRs can cooperate with Toll-like receptors and regulate inflammatory and apoptotic response. | NA | 24829146 | 2014 | Pubchem_assay |
| PRRID_1535 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) Click for more detail | Gram-positive bacteria | CC(C(=O)O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)N | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | PGN is known to be a potent activator of NF-κB and TNF-α through TLR2 | Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 1 (Nod1) | NOD-like receptor (NLR) | Human | lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and also in nonimmune cells, for example in epithelium | Intracellular receptors | Q9Y239.fasta | Q9Y239 | 953 | play key roles in regulation of innate immune response. NLRs can cooperate with Toll-like receptors and regulate inflammatory and apoptotic response. | NA | 24829146 | 2014 | Pubchem_assay |