Result page of PRRDB 2.0
| PRRID | Name of Ligand | Source of ligand | Sequence of Ligand | Length of Ligand | Type of Ligand | Occurence | Role of Ligand | Name of Receptor | Type of Reeptor | Source of the Receptor | Localization | Domain | Sequence of Receptor | Swiss prot ID | Length of receptor | Function of Receptor | Assay used | PMID | Year of publication | Pubchem assay | Pdb | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| PRRID_0051 | TLR1–TLR2 heterodimer Click for more detail | NA | NA | NA | PAMP | Natural | Immunostimulant | TLR1 | TLR | Zebrafish | plasma membrane | extracellular (or intra- endosomal) ligand-binding domain with a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motif and a cytoplasmic signaling Toll/Interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor homology (TIR) domain | A0A0R4IW15.fasta | A0A0R4IW15 | 795 | induce IFN expression | NA | 27721456 | 2016 | NA | PRR_0051.pdb| PRRID_0052 | OspA | Click for more detail NA | MKKYLLGIGLILALIACKQNVSSLDEKNSVSVDLPGGMTVLVSKEKDKDGKYSLDATVDKLELKGTSDKNNGSGTLEGEKTDKSKVKLTIADDLSQTKFEIFKEDGKTLVSKKVTLKDKSSTEEKFNEKGETSEKTIVRANGTRLEYTDIKSDGSGKAKEVLKDFTLEGTLAADGKTTLKVTEGTVVLSKNILKSGEITVALDDSDTTQATKKTGNWDSKSSTLTISVNSQKTKNLVFTKEDTITVQKYDSAGTNLEGKAVEITTLKELKAALK | NA | NA | Natural | Production of TNF-α and IL- | TLR1 | TLR | Mice | NA | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q9EPQ1.fasta | Q9EPQ1 | 795 | NA | NA | 29028369 | 2017 | NA | PRR_0052.pdb | PRRID_0053 | Hyaluronic acid | Click for more detail pulmonary vascular cells (e.g., endothelial cells) (others) | CC(=O)NC1CC(C(OC1OC2C(C(C(OC2C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)CO)O | NA | DAMPs | Natural | released in responses to local stresses (hypoxia or inflammation) | TLR4 | TLR | Human Platelets | monocyte/macrophages, Myeloid DCs, neutrophils, Mast cells, B-lymphocyte | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q7L0X0.fasta | Q7L0X0 | 811 | TLR4 is expressed on platelets which mediates inflammatory and immune responses in a variety of diseases including PAH (pulmonary arterial hypertension) | NA | 24812346 | 2014 | NA | PRR_0053.pdb | PRRID_0054 | Pam3CSk4 | Click for more detail Bacteria | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NC(CSCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)O | NA | PAMP | Natural | Immunostimulant | TLR2 | TLR | Zebrafish | Plasma membrane | extracellular (or intra- endosomal) ligand-binding domain with a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motif and a cytoplasmic signaling Toll/Interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor homology (TIR) domain | F1QWS9.fasta | F1QWS9 | 818 | induce IFN expression | NA | 27721456 | 2016 | NA | PRR_0054.pdb | PRRID_0055 | Advillin | Click for more detail Host (Endogenous) (others) | MSLSSAFRAVSNDPRIITWRIEKMELALVPLSAHGNFYEGDCYIVLSTRRVGSLLSQNIHFWIGKDSSQDEQSCAAIYTTQLDDYLGGSPVQHREVQYHESDTFRGYFKQGIIYKKGGVASGMKHVETNTYDVKRLLHVKGKRNIQATEVEMSWDSFNRGDVFLLDLGMVIIQWNGPESNSGERLKAMLLAKDIRDRERGGRAEIGVIEGDKEAASPGLMTVLQDTLGRRSMIKPAVSDEIMDQQQKSSIMLYHVSDTAGQLSVTEVATRPLVQDLLNHDDCYILDQSGTKIYVWKGKGATKVEKQAAMSKALDFIKMKGYPSSTNVETVNDGAESAMFKQLFQKWSVKDQTTGLGKIFSTGKIAKIFQDKFDVSLLHTKPEVAAQERMVDDGKGQVEVWRIENLELVPVEYQWHGFFYGGDCYLVLYTYDVNGKPHYILYIWQGRHASRDELAASAYRAVEVDQQFDGAPVQVRVSMGKEPRHFMAIFKGKLVIYEGGTSRKGNEEPDPPVRLFQIHGNDKSNTKAVEVSASASSLNSNDVFLLRTQAEHYLWYGKGSSGDERAMAKELVDLLCDGNADTVAEGQEPPEFWDLLGGKTAYANDKRLQQETLDVQVRLFECSNKTGRFLVTEVTDFTQEDLSPGDVMLLDTWDQVFLWIGAEANATEKKGALSTAQEYLVTHPSGRDPDTPILIIKQGFEPPTFTGWFLAWDPHIWSEGKSYEQLKNELGDATAIVRITADMKNATLYLNPSDGEPKYYPVEVLLKGQNQELPEDVDPAKKENYLSEQDFVSVFGITRGQFTALPGWKQLQLKKERGLF | 819 | Protein | Natural | It induces neurite-like outgrowth. | Scavenger receptor expressed by endothelial cells 1 (SREC-I) | Scavenger receptor | Mice (Murine) | Fibroblastic L cells | Cytoplasmic domain | Q5ND28.fasta | Q5ND28 | 820 | SREC-I lead to changes in cell morphology. | NA | 15247299 | 2004 | NA | PRR_0055.pdb | PRRID_0056 | MPLA | Click for more detail Salmonella minnesota R595 (Bacteria) | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CCCCCCCCCCC)CC(=O)NC1C(C(C(OC1O)COC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)OP(=O)(O)O)OC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC)O)O | NA | PAMP | Synthetic | NA | TLR4 | TLR | Dogs | dendritic cells and macrophages | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | F1PDB9.fasta | F1PDB9 | 833 | 1,000-fold less toxic than LPS and can be used as vaccines | NA | 20713100 | 2010 | NA | PRR_0056.pdb | PRRID_0057 | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) | Click for more detail Escherichia coli serotype 0127:B9 (Bacteria) | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CCCCCCCCCCC)CC(=O)OC1C(C(OC(C1OP(=O)(O)O)CO)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OP(=O)(O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)OC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC | NA | LPS | Natural | Binding of LPS trigger the NFKB pathway and inducing a local synthesis of the cytokine TNF, and the TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) up-regulation in pinealocytes | TLR4 | TLR | Wistar Rat | Pineal gland (pinealocytes) | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q9QX05.fasta | Q9QX05 | 835 | The pineal gland transduces Gram-negative endotoxin stimulation by producing TNF by inhibiting the NE-induced melatonin biosynthetic pathway and mount the inflammatory response | EMSA | 20586888 | 2010 | NA | PRR_0057.pdb | PRRID_0058 | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) | Click for more detail Gram-negative bacteria | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CCCCCCCCCCC)CC(=O)OC1C(C(OC(C1OP(=O)(O)O)CO)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OP(=O)(O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)OC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC | NA | LPS | Natural | induces a strong response from normal animal immune systems | TLR4 | TLR | Guinea Pig | monocyte/macrophages, Myeloid DCs, neutrophils, Mast cells, B-lymphocyte | cell surface | H0VSQ0.fasta | H0VSQ0 | 837 | TLR 4 leads to an intracellular signaling pathway NF-κB and inflammatory cytokine production which is responsible for activating the innate immune system | Real-time RT-PCR, Calcium influx assay | 24819048 | 2014 | NA | PRR_0058.pdb | PRRID_0059 | MPLA | Click for more detail Salmonella minnesota R595 (Bacteria) | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CCCCCCCCCCC)CC(=O)NC1C(C(C(OC1O)COC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)OP(=O)(O)O)OC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC)O)O | NA | PAMP | Synthetic | NA | TLR4 | TLR | Rabbit | dendritic cells and macrophages | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | G1SH24.fasta | G1SH24 | 839 | 1,000-fold less toxic than LPS and can be used as vaccines | NA | 20713100 | 2010 | NA | PRR_0059.pdb | PRRID_0060 | NA | Click for more detail NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | TLR4 | TLR | Female pig | Cytosol | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q68Y56.fasta | Q68Y56 | 841 | NA | immunohistofluorescent analysis | 29330675 | 2017 | NA | PRR_0060.pdb | PRRID_0061 | MPLA | Click for more detail Salmonella minnesota R595 (Bacteria) | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CCCCCCCCCCC)CC(=O)NC1C(C(C(OC1O)COC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)OP(=O)(O)O)OC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC)O)O | NA | PAMP | Synthetic | NA | TLR4 | TLR | Horse | dendritic cells and macrophages | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | F6RL35.fasta | F6RL35 | 843 | 1,000-fold less toxic than LPS and can be used as vaccines | NA | 20713100 | 2010 | NA | PRR_0061.pdb | PRRID_0062 | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) | Click for more detail Bacteria | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CCCCCCCCCCC)CC(=O)OC1C(C(OC(C1OP(=O)(O)O)CO)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OP(=O)(O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)OC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC | NA | LPS | Natural | NA | TLR4 | TLR | Chicken | cytoplasm of basal cells of the epithelium in the isthmus, uterus and vagina | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | Q7ZTG5.fasta | Q7ZTG5 | 843 | NA | NA | 29330675 | 2017 | NA | PRR_0062.pdb | PRRID_0063 | F4 fimbriae | Click for more detail Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (F4+ ETEC) | ADWGPCRTASGDPFIFVTSFTKNIQNPTDNVTGQTYPDFYQWALGDKYSGVCECPSPNPTEARPTLYKTESTLAAGHNSTYFKITNNLEVSTRVYIANVGNVQVPFINKSNSQPGRECDQPTFGWTTGSKGQLSLYIAKPFVGEQNIPQTIIVSVFGTKKENVYSSVPISQVLLSGKVTVTQGCELAAGTSLDIDFGEYQAHDFKGRTGQPPQNVQKIQKELTFNCTNISDGVHIYLSLEGTPNAAYPSAISLGNADVGAVIEDGKGNILKPNDSNSLLEMNPGSLYEYVKRKVTTTITAYPVSTTGKLPAAGDYSGVATMHVELDGGGGGGGGGGATTDLGAKGTLKFSLKISQGHHHHHH | 364 | Protein | Natural | The binding of ligand to TLR5 ETEC induce IL-6 and IL-8 cytokine secretion by intestinal cells | TLR5 | TLR | Porcine | Intestinal Epithelial Cells | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | C0L925.fasta | C0L925 | 844 | It induces proinflammatory responses in porcine intestinal epithelial cells | Quantitative bacterial adherence assay | 20600278 | 2010 | NA | PRR_0063.pdb | PRRID_0064 | Flagellin | Click for more detail Bacteria | MAQVINTNSLSLLTQNNLNKSQSALGTAIERLSSGLRINSAKDDAAGQAIANRFTANIKGLTQASRNANDGISIAQTTEGALNEINNNLQRVRELAVQSANSTNSQSDLDSIQAEITQRLNEIDRVSGQTQFNGVKVLAQDNTLTIQVGANDGETIDIDLKQINSQTLGLDTLNVQQKYKVSDTAATVTGYADTTIALDNSTFKASATGLGGTDQKIDGDLKFDDTTGKYYAKVTVTGGTGKDGYYEVSVDKTNGEVTLAGGATSPLTGGLPATATEDVKNVQVANADLTEAKAALTAAGVTGTASVVKMSYTDNNGKTIDGGLAVKVGDDYYSATQNKDGSISINTTKYTADDGTSKTALNKLGGADGKTEVVSIGGKTYAASKAEGHNFKAQPDLAEAAATTTENPLQKIDAALAQVDTLRSDLGAVQNRFNSAITNLGNTVNNLTSARSRIEDSDYATEVSNMSRAQILQQAGTSVLAQANQVPQNVLSLLR | 495 | Protein | Natural | triggers immune responses | TLR5 | TLR | TRIF mutant (C57BL/6J-Ticam1Lps2) mice | bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) culture | Toll/IL-1R (TIR) domain | Q9JLF7.fasta | Q9JLF7 | 859 | It stimulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, through signaling via the adaptor protein MyD88. | Quantitative Real Time PCR, Cell Viability Assays, Immunoblot and Immunoprecipitations | 24019532 | 2013 | NA | PRR_0064.pdb | PRRID_0065 | Flagellin | Click for more detail Salmonella typhimurium(Bacteria) | MAQVINTNSLSLLTQNNLNKSQSALGTAIERLSSGLRINSAKDDAAGQAIANRFTANIKGLTQASRNANDGISIAQTTEGALNEINNNLQRVRELAVQSANSTNSQSDLDSIQAEITQRLNEIDRVSGQTQFNGVKVLAQDNTLTIQVGANDGETIDIDLKQINSQTLGLDTLNVQQKYKVSDTAATVTGYADTTIALDNSTFKASATGLGGTDQKIDGDLKFDDTTGKYYAKVTVTGGTGKDGYYEVSVDKTNGEVTLAGGATSPLTGGLPATATEDVKNVQVANADLTEAKAALTAAGVTGTASVVKMSYTDNNGKTIDGGLAVKVGDDYYSATQNKDGSISINTTKYTADDGTSKTALNKLGGADGKTEVVSIGGKTYAASKAEGHNFKAQPDLAEAAATTTENPLQKIDAALAQVDTLRSDLGAVQNRFNSAITNLGNTVNNLTSARSRIEDSDYATEVSNMSRAQILQQAGTSVLAQANQVPQNVLSLLR | 495 | Protein | Natural | triggers immune responses | TLR5 | TLR | Chicken | splenocytes | cell surface | Q5GR02.fasta | Q5GR02 | 862 | TLR2 and TLR5 promote cellular activation and the production of cytokines including proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-6, as well as those cytokines that help to initiate and modulate the adaptive immune response, including IL-4, IL-12, and interferon (IFN)-c | ELISA | 24797722 | 2014 | NA | PRR_0065.pdb | PRRID_0066 | NA | Click for more detail Edwardsiella tarda(Bacteria) | NA | NA | NA | Natural | It's binding leads to the release of the arra of cytokines | TLR2 | TLR | Paralichthys olivaceus | Head Kidney | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | E9RGG6.fasta | E9RGG6 | 868 | It provides immune response against the E.tarda | NA | 20728538 | 2010 | NA | PRR_0066.pdb | PRRID_0067 | NA | Click for more detail NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NLRP6 | NLR | Human | Cytoplasm | NA | P59044.fasta | P59044 | 892 | NA | NA | 29353310 | 2018 | NA | PRR_0067.pdb | PRRID_0068 | polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] | Click for more detail NA | C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)C2C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O.C1=NC(=O)C2=C(N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | act as a TLR3 agonist and induces protective responses against rapidly growing tumor cells | TLR3 | TLR | Chicken | Dendritic Cell, B-lymphocyte | cell compartment | Q0PQ88.fasta | Q0PQ88 | 896 | TLRs promote cellular activation and the production of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon (IFN)-c In the case of antigen presenting cells (APCs), TLR stimulation also promotes the up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) and co- stimulatory molecules including CD80 therefore elicitation of a robust adaptive immune response | ELISA | 24797893 | 2014 | NA | PRR_0068.pdb | PRRID_0069 | polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] | Click for more detail NA | C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)C2C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O.C1=NC(=O)C2=C(N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | Immunostimulant | TLR3 | TLR | Zebrafish | Plasma membrane | extracellular (or intra- endosomal) ligand-binding domain with a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motif and a cytoplasmic signaling Toll/Interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor homology (TIR) domain | B8JIL3.fasta | B8JIL3 | 903 | induce IFN expression | NA | 27721456 | 2016 | NA | PRR_0069.pdb | PRRID_0070 | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) | Click for more detail Bacteria | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CCCCCCCCCCC)CC(=O)OC1C(C(OC(C1OP(=O)(O)O)CO)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OP(=O)(O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)OC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)O)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC | NA | LPS | Natural | NA | TLR3 | TLR | Rabbit | uterine luminal and glandular epithelium | Leucine-rich Repeat (LRR) Domain | A0ELV4.fasta | A0ELV4 | 905 | NA | IHC analy- sis | 29330675 | 2017 | NA | PRR_0070.pdb | PRRID_0071 | polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] | Click for more detail NA | C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)C2C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O.C1=NC(=O)C2=C(N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | poly I:C expressed significantly higher levels of IFN-a1 and IFN-c and Mx | TLR3 | TLR | Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) | muscle, head kidney, liver, gut, heart, spleen and gill | NA | M1ZMQ4.fasta | M1ZMQ4 | 913 | play a role in antiviral response in salmon | Real-time PCR | 24736205 | 2014 | NA | PRR_0071.pdb | PRRID_0072 | polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] | Click for more detail NA | C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)C2C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O.C1=NC(=O)C2=C(N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | poly I:C expressed significantly higher levels of IFN-a1 and IFN-c and Mx | TLR22a2 | TLR | Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) | muscle, head kidney, liver, gut, heart, spleen and gill | NA | B5BM14.fasta | B5BM14 | 925 | paralleled TLR3 up-regulation in virus- infected fish | Real-time PCR | 24736205 | 2014 | NA | PRR_0072.pdb | PRRID_0073 | TgPRF (T. gondii profilin-like protein) | Click for more detail T. gondii (others) | MSDWDPVVKEWLVDTGYCCAGGIANVSAEDGVVFAAAADDDDGWSKLYKDDHEEDTIGEDGNACGKVSINEASTIKAAVDDGSAPNGVWIGGQKYKVVRPEKGFEYNDCTFDITMCARSKGGAHLIKTPNGSIVIALYDEEKEQDKGNSRTSALAFAEYLHQSGY | 165 | Protein | Natural | potently activate the innate immune system through its specific recognition by TLR11, which plays an important role in T. gondii infection in mice | TLR11 | TLR | Swiss albino mice brain | microglia/macrophages, astrocytes, and neurons | NA | Q6R5P0.fasta | Q6R5P0 | 926 | TLR11 activation is unique in its ability to initiate a parasite-specific innate immune response. TLR11 is unusual in its recognition of T. gondii, because it senses the pathogen by recognizing a profilin released by the microbe rather than by directly interacting with the live parasite | Double-labeling immunohistochemistry, Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | 24704432 | 2014 | NA | PRR_0073.pdb | PRRID_0074 | NA | Click for more detail A.hydrophilla(Bacteria) | NA | NA | PAMP | Natural | Immunostimulant | TLR22 | TLR | Megalobrama amblycephala | blood, head kidney, spleen and intestine | 16 leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motifs, an LRR C-terminal, a transmembrane region and a cytoplasmic toll–interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. | A0A2H4IQ59.fasta | A0A2H4IQ59 | 946 | Activate NF-KB | NA | 27943292 | 2016 | NA | PRR_0074.pdb | PRRID_0075 | polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] | Click for more detail NA | C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)C2C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O.C1=NC(=O)C2=C(N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | Immunostimulant | TLR22 | TLR | Zebrafish | endosomes and lysosomes. | extracellular (or intra- endosomal) ligand-binding domain with a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motif and a cytoplasmic signaling Toll/Interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor homology (TIR) domain | B3DJL6.fasta | B3DJL6 | 947 | induce IFN expression | NA | 27721456 | 2016 | NA | PRR_0075.pdb | PRRID_0076 | Derivatives of peptidoglycans | Click for more detail Legionella pneumophila (Bacteria) | NA | NA | Peptidoglycan | Natural | The interaction leads to the secretion system that facilitates the delivery of bacterial proteins into the host cell cytoplasm(dot/Icm/TFSS) | Nod1 | NLR | Mice (Murine) | Aveolar macrphages | NA | Q8BHB0.fasta | Q8BHB0 | 953 | It leads to the strong neutrophil infiltartion in the infected mice lungs | NA | 20685341 | 2010 | NA | PRR_0076.pdb | PRRID_0077 | NA | Click for more detail NA | NA | NA | NA | Natural | NA | TLR13 | TLR | Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) | muscle, head kidney, liver, gut, heart, spleen and gill | NA | B5X405.fasta | B5X405 | 962 | NA | Real-time PCR | 24736205 | 2014 | NA | PRR_0077.pdb | PRRID_0078 | Long ds RNA | Click for more detail fugu (Takifugu rubripes) (others) | NA | NA | Nucleic Acid | Natural | triggers immune responses | TLR22 | TLR | Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) | NA | NA | Q2A132.fasta | Q2A132 | 971 | participate together with TLR3 in type I interferon production | Real-time PCR | 24736205 | 2014 | NA | PRR_0078.pdb | PRRID_0079 | class B CpG DNA motifs | Click for more detail Bacteria | NA | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | act as immuno stimulants | TLR21 | TLR | Chicken | Macrophages | Cell Compartment/Intracellular (ER compartment) | H9BPA7.fasta | H9BPA7 | 972 | TLRs promote cellular activation and the production of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon (IFN)-c In the case of antigen presenting cells (APCs), TLR stimulation also promotes the up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) and co- stimulatory molecules including CD80 therefore elicitation of a robust adaptive immune response | ELISA | 24797893 | 2014 | NA | PRR_0079.pdb | PRRID_0080 | CpG-ODN | Click for more detail Bacteria | NA | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | Immunostimulant | TLR21 | TLR | Zebrafish | endosomes and lysosomes. | extracellular (or intra- endosomal) ligand-binding domain with a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motif and a cytoplasmic signaling Toll/Interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor homology (TIR) domain | F1QMN8.fasta | F1QMN8 | 989 | induce IFN expression | NA | 27721456 | 2016 | NA | PRR_0080.pdb | PRRID_0081 | NA | Click for more detail NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NLRP9 | NLR | Human | Cytoplasm | NA | Q7RTR0.fasta | Q7RTR0 | 991 | NA | NA | 29353310 | 2018 | NA | PRR_0081.pdb | PRRID_0082 | N(alpha)-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-N(epsilon)-stearoyl'L'lysine (MDP-L ys-L18) | Click for more detail MDP (others) | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCCCC(C(=O)O)NC(=O)CCC(C(=O)N)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(C)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)CO)O)NC(=O)C | NA | Peptide | Synthetic | It leads to the induction of interferon in the lung. | NOD2 | NLR | Sendai virus infected mice | Lungs | NA | Q8K3Z0.fasta | Q8K3Z0 | 1020 | It augments host-resistance to viral infection. | Interferon assay | 2417426 | 1985 | NA | PRR_0082.pdb | PRRID_0083 | NA | Click for more detail NA | NA | NA | NA | Natural | NA | NLRC4 | NLR | Human | cytoplasm | NA | Q9NPP4.fasta | Q9NPP4 | 1024 | NA | NA | 29353310 | 2018 | NA | PRR_0083.pdb | PRRID_0084 | Ax21 | Click for more detail Xanthomonas oryzae oryzae (plant) | MLALGLLAALPFAASAAENLSYNFVEGDYVRTPTDGRDADGWGVKASYAVAPNFHVFGEYSKQNADDNNNLFENTNFDFQQWGVGVGFNHEIATSTDFVARVAYRRLDLDSPNINFDGYSVEAGLRNAFGEHFEVYALAGYEDYSKKRGIDAGNDFYGRLGAQVKLNQNWGINGDIRMDGDGNKEWSVGPRFSW | 194 | Protein | Natural | It triggered the PAMP mediated immunity | XA21 | PRR | Rice | NA | NA | Q1MX30.fasta | Q1MX30 | 1025 | It provides the immunity to the plant against the pathogen by recognizing the PAMP | NA | 20713980 | 2010 | NA | PRR_0084.pdb | PRRID_0085 | elf18 | Click for more detail NA | NA | NA | Peptide | Natural | It bind to the FLS2 and incites the downstream cascade. | EFR | TLR | Arabidopsis | Plasma membrane | LRR | C0LGT6.fasta | C0LGT6 | 1031 | It caused seedling growth inhibition of arabidopsis thaliana | Growth inhibition assay | 20200150 | 2010 | NA | PRR_0085.pdb | PRRID_0086 | CL097 | Click for more detail NA | CCOCC1=NC2=C(N1)C(=NC3=CC=CC=C32)N | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | It induces astrocyte activation and up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IFN-, TNF, CCL2, and CXCL10 | TLR8 | TLR | Newborn Mice | Astrocytes and microglia | LRR | P58682.fasta | P58682 | 1032 | It induces a neuroinflammatory response in CNS. | Cytokines assay | 18490763 | 2008 | NA | PRR_0086.pdb | PRRID_0087 | Unmethylated CpG DNA | Click for more detail Bacteria | NA | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | act as immuno stimulants | TLR9 | TLR | TRIF mutant (C57BL/6J-Ticam1Lps2) mice | bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) culture | Toll/IL-1R (TIR) domain | Q9NR96.fasta | Q9NR96 | 1032 | induces pro-inflammatory cytokine response | Quantitative Real Time PCR, Cell Viability Assays, Immunoblot and Immunoprecipitations | 24019532 | 2013 | NA | PRR_0087.pdb | PRRID_0088 | NA | Click for more detail NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NLRP11 | NLR | Human | Cytoplasm | NA | P59045.fasta | P59045 | 1033 | NA | NA | 29353310 | 2018 | NA | PRR_0088.pdb | PRRID_0089 | Uric acid | Click for more detail NA | C12=C(NC(=O)N1)NC(=O)NC2=O | NA | DAMPs | Natural | Induce the synthesis of IL-1β, TNF-α and TGF-β by murine macrophages. | NLRP3 | NLR | Mice | substantia nigra | NA | Q8R4B8.fasta | Q8R4B8 | 1033 | protein ↑, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in PD models | NA | 28801521 | 2017 | NA | PRR_0089.pdb | PRRID_0090 | type I interferons | Click for more detail Host (Endogenous) (others) | MYTVQSWTCICLIICSMQSVCHCCDWIRHHYGHLSSEYLSLLDQMGGDITKQDAPVFFPTSLYRHIDDAEVEDQVRFLKETIYQITKLFDGNMKSVTWDKKKLDDFLNILERQLENLKSCVSPAMKPEKRLKRYFKKLNKNVLRKMNYSAQAWELIRKETKRHLQRLDILAAQMY | 175 | Protein | Natural | induces TLR7 and TLR 8 in salmon | TLR8b1 | TLR | Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) | highest expression in spleen and head kidney and relatively low expression in muscle, liver, gut, heart and gill | NA | S0F1A6.fasta | S0F1A6 | 1034 | antiviral response in salmon | Real-time PCR | 24736205 | 2014 | NA | PRR_0090.pdb | PRRID_0091 | Uric acid | Click for more detail NA | C12=C(NC(=O)N1)NC(=O)NC2=O | NA | DAMPs | Natural | Induce the synthesis of IL-1β, TNF-α and TGF-β by murine macrophages. | NLRP3 | NLR | Rat | primary astrocytes | NA | D4A523.fasta | D4A523 | 1035 | protein ↑, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in PD models | NA | 28801521 | 2017 | NA | PRR_0091.pdb | PRRID_0092 | type I interferons | Click for more detail Host (Endogenous) (others) | MYTVQSWTCICLIICSMQSVCHCCDWIRHHYGHLSSEYLSLLDQMGGDITKQDAPVFFPTSLYRHIDDAEVEDQVRFLKETIYQITKLFDGNMKSVTWDKKKLDDFLNILERQLENLKSCVSPAMKPEKRLKRYFKKLNKNVLRKMNYSAQAWELIRKETKRHLQRLDILAAQMY | 175 | Protein | Natural | induces TLR7 and TLR 8 in salmon | TLR8a2 | TLR | Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) | highest expression in spleen and head kidney and relatively low expression in muscle, liver, gut, heart and gill | NA | S0F0N4.fasta | S0F0N4 | 1035 | antiviral response in salmon | Real-time PCR | 24736205 | 2014 | NA | PRR_0092.pdb | PRRID_0093 | type I interferons | Click for more detail Host (Endogenous) (others) | MYTVQSWTCICLIICSMQSVCHCCDWIRHHYGHLSSEYLSLLDQMGGDITKQDAPVFFPTSLYRHIDDAEVEDQVRFLKETIYQITKLFDGNMKSVTWDKKKLDDFLNILERQLENLKSCVSPAMKPEKRLKRYFKKLNKNVLRKMNYSAQAWELIRKETKRHLQRLDILAAQMY | 175 | Protein | Natural | induces TLR7 and TLR 8 in salmon | TLR8b2 | TLR | Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) | highest expression in spleen and head kidney and relatively low expression in muscle, liver, gut, heart and gill | NA | S0F1D1.fasta | S0F1D1 | 1036 | antiviral response in salmon | Real-time PCR | 24736205 | 2014 | NA | PRR_0093.pdb | PRRID_0094 | NA | Click for more detail NA | NA | NA | NA | Natural | NA | NOD2 | NLR | Human | cytoplasm | NA | Q9HC29.fasta | Q9HC29 | 1040 | NA | NA | 29353310 | 2018 | NA | PRR_0094.pdb | PRRID_0095 | NA | Click for more detail NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NLRP13 | NLR | Human | Cytoplasm | NA | Q86W25.fasta | Q86W25 | 1043 | NA | NA | 29353310 | 2018 | NA | PRR_0095.pdb | PRRID_0096 | NA | Click for more detail NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NLRP8 | NLR | Human | Cytoplasm | NA | Q86W28.fasta | Q86W28 | 1048 | NA | NA | 29353310 | 2018 | NA | PRR_0096.pdb | PRRID_0097 | Bropirimine | Click for more detail NA | C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)N=C(N2)N)Br | NA | PAMP | Synthetic | experimental drug with anti-cancer and antiviral properties | DUOX2 | TLR | Mice | monocyte/macrophages, plasmacytoid DCs and B-lymphocytes | Cell Compartment/Intracellular (Endosome) | Q9NYK1.fasta | Q9NYK1 | 1049 | important role in the immune response to viral infection | NA | 24830024 | 2014 | NA | PRR_0097.pdb | PRRID_0098 | Loxoribine (7-allyl-7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-guanosine) | Click for more detail NA | C=CCN1C2=C(NC(=NC2=O)N)N(C1=O)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | It induces astrocyte activation and up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IFN-, TNF, CCL2, and CXCL10 | TLR7 | TLR | Newborn Mice | Astrocytes and microglia | LRR | P58681.fasta | P58681 | 1050 | It induces a neuroinflammatory response in CNS. | Cytokines assay | 18490763 | 2008 | NA | PRR_0098.pdb | PRRID_0099 | CpG-ODN | Click for more detail Bacteria | NA | NA | Nucleic Acid | Synthetic | Immunostimulant | TLR9 | TLR | Zebrafish | endosomes and lysosomes. | extracellular (or intra- endosomal) ligand-binding domain with a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motif and a cytoplasmic signaling Toll/Interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor homology (TIR) domain | B3DJW3.fasta | B3DJW3 | 1057 | induce IFN expression | NA | 27721456 | 2016 | NA | PRR_0099.pdb | PRRID_0100 | type I interferons | Click for more detail Host (Endogenous) (others) | MYTVQSWTCICLIICSMQSVCHCCDWIRHHYGHLSSEYLSLLDQMGGDITKQDAPVFFPTSLYRHIDDAEVEDQVRFLKETIYQITKLFDGNMKSVTWDKKKLDDFLNILERQLENLKSCVSPAMKPEKRLKRYFKKLNKNVLRKMNYSAQAWELIRKETKRHLQRLDILAAQMY | 175 | Protein | Natural | induces TLR7 and TLR 8 in salmon | TLR7 | TLR | Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) | highest expression in spleen and head kidney and relatively low expression in muscle, liver, gut, heart and gill | NA | S0F0X6.fasta | S0F0X6 | 1063 | antiviral response in salmon | Real-time PCR | 24736205 | 2014 | NA | PRR_0100.pdb | |