A database of hormones and their receptors| A database of hormones and their receptors |
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| HMRbase accession number | 11476 |
| Swiss-prot Accession number | P55095 (Sequence in FASTA format) |
| Description | Glucagon precursor [Contains: Glicentin; Glicentin-related polypeptide(GRPP); Oxyntomodulin (OXY) (OXM); Glucagon; Glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1); Glucagon-like peptide 1(7-37) (GLP-1(7-37)); Glucagon-likepeptide 1(7-36) (GLP-1(7-36)); Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2)]. |
| Source organism | Mus musculus (Mouse) |
| Taxonomical Classification | Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Sciurognathi;Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus. |
| Subcellular location | Secreted |
| Developmental Stage | N/A |
| Similarity | Belongs to the glucagon family. |
| Tissue Specificity | Glucagon is secreted in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans. GLP-1, GLP-2, oxyntomodulin and glicentin are secreted from enteroendocrine cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. GLP1 and GLP2 are also secreted in selected neurons in the brain |
| Post translational modification | Proglucagon is posttranslationally processed in a tissue- specific manner in pancreatic A cells and intestinal L cells. In pancreatic A cells, the major bioactive hormone is glucagon cleaved by PCSK2/PC2. In the intestinal L cells PCSK1/PC1 liberates GLP-1, GLP-2, glicentin and oxyntomodulin. GLP-1 is further N-terminally truncated by posttranslational processing in the intestinal L cells resulting in GLP-1(7-37) GLP-1-(7-36)amide. The C-terminal amidation is neither important for the metabolism of GLP-1 nor for its effects on the endocrine pancreas (By similarity). |
| Function | Glicentin may modulate gastric acid secretion and gastro-pyloro-duodenal activity |
| Protein Length | 180 Amino acids |
| Molecular weight | 20906 |
| References | 1 PubMed abstract 7730317 2 Shamsadin R., Knepel W.; "Mouse glucagon full length cDNA."; Submitted (JUN-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. 3 PubMed abstract 16141072 4 PubMed abstract 15489334 5 PubMed abstract 1886889 6 PubMed abstract 9407057 7 PubMed abstract 11356850 8 PubMed abstract 12554744 9 PubMed abstract 12626323 10 PubMed abstract 10322410 11 PubMed abstract 10605628 |
| Domain Name | Hormone_2 |
| Hormone Name | Glicentin |
| Mature Hormone Sequence | HALQDTEENPRSFPASQTEAHEDPDEMNEDKRHSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNTKRNRNNIA |
| Position of mature hormone in Pre-Hormone protein | 69 Residues from position (21-89) |
| Receptor | Q61606 Detail in HMRbase Q3UN81 Detail in HMRbase |
| Gene ID | 14526 |
| PDB ID | N/A |
| Drugpedia | wiki |
| Comments |
| HMRbase accession number | 11477 |
| Swiss-prot Accession number | P55095 (Sequence in FASTA format) |
| Description | Glucagon precursor [Contains: Glicentin; Glicentin-related polypeptide(GRPP); Oxyntomodulin (OXY) (OXM); Glucagon; Glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1); Glucagon-like peptide 1(7-37) (GLP-1(7-37)); Glucagon-likepeptide 1(7-36) (GLP-1(7-36)); Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2)]. |
| Source organism | Mus musculus (Mouse) |
| Taxonomical Classification | Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Sciurognathi;Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus. |
| Subcellular location | Secreted |
| Developmental Stage | N/A |
| Similarity | Belongs to the glucagon family. |
| Tissue Specificity | Glucagon is secreted in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans. GLP-1, GLP-2, oxyntomodulin and glicentin are secreted from enteroendocrine cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. GLP1 and GLP2 are also secreted in selected neurons in the brain |
| Post translational modification | Proglucagon is posttranslationally processed in a tissue- specific manner in pancreatic A cells and intestinal L cells. In pancreatic A cells, the major bioactive hormone is glucagon cleaved by PCSK2/PC2. In the intestinal L cells PCSK1/PC1 liberates GLP-1, GLP-2, glicentin and oxyntomodulin. GLP-1 is further N-terminally truncated by posttranslational processing in the intestinal L cells resulting in GLP-1(7-37) GLP-1-(7-36)amide. The C-terminal amidation is neither important for the metabolism of GLP-1 nor for its effects on the endocrine pancreas (By similarity). |
| Function | Oxyntomodulin significantly reduces food intake |
| Protein Length | 180 Amino acids |
| Molecular weight | 20906 |
| References | 1 PubMed abstract 7730317 2 Shamsadin R., Knepel W.; "Mouse glucagon full length cDNA."; Submitted (JUN-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. 3 PubMed abstract 16141072 4 PubMed abstract 15489334 5 PubMed abstract 1886889 6 PubMed abstract 9407057 7 PubMed abstract 11356850 8 PubMed abstract 12554744 9 PubMed abstract 12626323 10 PubMed abstract 10322410 11 PubMed abstract 10605628 |
| Domain Name | Hormone_2 |
| Hormone Name | Oxyntomodulin |
| Mature Hormone Sequence | KRHSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNTKRNRNNIA |
| Position of mature hormone in Pre-Hormone protein | 37 Residues from position (53-89) |
| Receptor | Q61606 Detail in HMRbase Q3UN81 Detail in HMRbase |
| Gene ID | 14526 |
| PDB ID | N/A |
| Drugpedia | wiki |
| Comments |
| HMRbase accession number | 11478 |
| Swiss-prot Accession number | P55095 (Sequence in FASTA format) |
| Description | Glucagon precursor [Contains: Glicentin; Glicentin-related polypeptide(GRPP); Oxyntomodulin (OXY) (OXM); Glucagon; Glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1); Glucagon-like peptide 1(7-37) (GLP-1(7-37)); Glucagon-likepeptide 1(7-36) (GLP-1(7-36)); Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2)]. |
| Source organism | Mus musculus (Mouse) |
| Taxonomical Classification | Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Sciurognathi;Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus. |
| Subcellular location | Secreted |
| Developmental Stage | N/A |
| Similarity | Belongs to the glucagon family. |
| Tissue Specificity | Glucagon is secreted in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans. GLP-1, GLP-2, oxyntomodulin and glicentin are secreted from enteroendocrine cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. GLP1 and GLP2 are also secreted in selected neurons in the brain |
| Post translational modification | Proglucagon is posttranslationally processed in a tissue- specific manner in pancreatic A cells and intestinal L cells. In pancreatic A cells, the major bioactive hormone is glucagon cleaved by PCSK2/PC2. In the intestinal L cells PCSK1/PC1 liberates GLP-1, GLP-2, glicentin and oxyntomodulin. GLP-1 is further N-terminally truncated by posttranslational processing in the intestinal L cells resulting in GLP-1(7-37) GLP-1-(7-36)amide. The C-terminal amidation is neither important for the metabolism of GLP-1 nor for its effects on the endocrine pancreas (By similarity). |
| Function | Glucagon plays a key role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Regulates blood glucose by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing glycolysis. A counterregulatory hormone of insulin, raises plasma glucose levels in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia |
| Protein Length | 180 Amino acids |
| Molecular weight | 20906 |
| References | 1 PubMed abstract 7730317 2 Shamsadin R., Knepel W.; "Mouse glucagon full length cDNA."; Submitted (JUN-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. 3 PubMed abstract 16141072 4 PubMed abstract 15489334 5 PubMed abstract 1886889 6 PubMed abstract 9407057 7 PubMed abstract 11356850 8 PubMed abstract 12554744 9 PubMed abstract 12626323 10 PubMed abstract 10322410 11 PubMed abstract 10605628 |
| Domain Name | Hormone_2 |
| Hormone Name | Glucagon |
| Mature Hormone Sequence | HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT |
| Position of mature hormone in Pre-Hormone protein | 29 Residues from position (53-81) |
| Receptor | Q61606 Detail in HMRbase Q3UN81 Detail in HMRbase |
| Gene ID | 14526 |
| PDB ID | N/A |
| Drugpedia | wiki |
| Comments |
| HMRbase accession number | 11479 |
| Swiss-prot Accession number | P55095 (Sequence in FASTA format) |
| Description | Glucagon precursor [Contains: Glicentin; Glicentin-related polypeptide(GRPP); Oxyntomodulin (OXY) (OXM); Glucagon; Glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1); Glucagon-like peptide 1(7-37) (GLP-1(7-37)); Glucagon-likepeptide 1(7-36) (GLP-1(7-36)); Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2)]. |
| Source organism | Mus musculus (Mouse) |
| Taxonomical Classification | Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Sciurognathi;Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus. |
| Subcellular location | Secreted |
| Developmental Stage | N/A |
| Similarity | Belongs to the glucagon family. |
| Tissue Specificity | Glucagon is secreted in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans. GLP-1, GLP-2, oxyntomodulin and glicentin are secreted from enteroendocrine cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. GLP1 and GLP2 are also secreted in selected neurons in the brain |
| Post translational modification | Proglucagon is posttranslationally processed in a tissue- specific manner in pancreatic A cells and intestinal L cells. In pancreatic A cells, the major bioactive hormone is glucagon cleaved by PCSK2/PC2. In the intestinal L cells PCSK1/PC1 liberates GLP-1, GLP-2, glicentin and oxyntomodulin. GLP-1 is further N-terminally truncated by posttranslational processing in the intestinal L cells resulting in GLP-1(7-37) GLP-1-(7-36)amide. The C-terminal amidation is neither important for the metabolism of GLP-1 nor for its effects on the endocrine pancreas (By similarity). |
| Function | GLP-1 is a potent stimulator of glucose-dependent insulin release. Play important roles on gastric motility and the suppression of plasma glucagon levels. May be involved in the suppression of satiety and stimulation of glucose disposal in peripheral tissues, independent of the actions of insulin. Have growth-promoting activities on intestinal epithelium. May also regulate the hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA) via effects on LH, TSH, CRH, oxytocin, and vasopressin secretion. Increases islet mass through stimulation of islet neogenesis and pancreatic beta cell proliferaton |
| Protein Length | 180 Amino acids |
| Molecular weight | 20906 |
| References | 1 PubMed abstract 7730317 2 Shamsadin R., Knepel W.; "Mouse glucagon full length cDNA."; Submitted (JUN-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. 3 PubMed abstract 16141072 4 PubMed abstract 15489334 5 PubMed abstract 1886889 6 PubMed abstract 9407057 7 PubMed abstract 11356850 8 PubMed abstract 12554744 9 PubMed abstract 12626323 10 PubMed abstract 10322410 11 PubMed abstract 10605628 |
| Domain Name | Hormone_2 |
| Hormone Name | Glucagon-like peptide 1 |
| Mature Hormone Sequence | HDEFERHAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGRG |
| Position of mature hormone in Pre-Hormone protein | 37 Residues from position (92-128) |
| Receptor | Q61606 Detail in HMRbase Q3UN81 Detail in HMRbase |
| Gene ID | 14526 |
| PDB ID | N/A |
| Drugpedia | wiki |
| Comments |
| HMRbase accession number | 11480 |
| Swiss-prot Accession number | P55095 (Sequence in FASTA format) |
| Description | Glucagon precursor [Contains: Glicentin; Glicentin-related polypeptide(GRPP); Oxyntomodulin (OXY) (OXM); Glucagon; Glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1); Glucagon-like peptide 1(7-37) (GLP-1(7-37)); Glucagon-likepeptide 1(7-36) (GLP-1(7-36)); Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2)]. |
| Source organism | Mus musculus (Mouse) |
| Taxonomical Classification | Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Sciurognathi;Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus. |
| Subcellular location | Secreted |
| Developmental Stage | N/A |
| Similarity | Belongs to the glucagon family. |
| Tissue Specificity | Glucagon is secreted in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans. GLP-1, GLP-2, oxyntomodulin and glicentin are secreted from enteroendocrine cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. GLP1 and GLP2 are also secreted in selected neurons in the brain |
| Post translational modification | Proglucagon is posttranslationally processed in a tissue- specific manner in pancreatic A cells and intestinal L cells. In pancreatic A cells, the major bioactive hormone is glucagon cleaved by PCSK2/PC2. In the intestinal L cells PCSK1/PC1 liberates GLP-1, GLP-2, glicentin and oxyntomodulin. GLP-1 is further N-terminally truncated by posttranslational processing in the intestinal L cells resulting in GLP-1(7-37) GLP-1-(7-36)amide. The C-terminal amidation is neither important for the metabolism of GLP-1 nor for its effects on the endocrine pancreas (By similarity). |
| Function | GLP-2 stimulates intestinal growth and up-regulates villus height in the small intestine, concomitant with increased crypt cell proliferation and decreased enterocyte apoptosis. The gastrointestinal tract, from the stomach to the colon is the principal target for GLP-2 action. Plays a key role in nutrient homeostasis, enhancing nutrient assimilation through enhanced gastrointestinal function, as well as increasing nutrient disposal. Stimulates intestinal glucose transport and decreases mucosal permeability |
| Protein Length | 180 Amino acids |
| Molecular weight | 20906 |
| References | 1 PubMed abstract 7730317 2 Shamsadin R., Knepel W.; "Mouse glucagon full length cDNA."; Submitted (JUN-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. 3 PubMed abstract 16141072 4 PubMed abstract 15489334 5 PubMed abstract 1886889 6 PubMed abstract 9407057 7 PubMed abstract 11356850 8 PubMed abstract 12554744 9 PubMed abstract 12626323 10 PubMed abstract 10322410 11 PubMed abstract 10605628 |
| Domain Name | Hormone_2 |
| Hormone Name | Glucagon-like peptide 2 |
| Mature Hormone Sequence | HADGSFSDEMSTILDNLATRDFINWLIQTKITD |
| Position of mature hormone in Pre-Hormone protein | 33 Residues from position (146-178) |
| Receptor | Q61606 Detail in HMRbase Q3UN81 Detail in HMRbase |
| Gene ID | 14526 |
| PDB ID | N/A |
| Drugpedia | wiki |
| Comments |