A database of hormones and their receptors| A database of hormones and their receptors |
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| HMRbase accession number | 11409 |
| Swiss-prot Accession number | P14200 (Sequence in FASTA format) |
| Description | Pro-MCH precursor [Contains: Neuropeptide-glycine-glutamic acid (NGE)(Neuropeptide G-E); Neuropeptide-glutamic acid-isoleucine (NEI)(Neuropeptide E-I); Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)]. |
| Source organism | Rattus norvegicus (Rat) |
| Taxonomical Classification | Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Sciurognathi;Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus. |
| Subcellular location | Secreted protein |
| Developmental Stage | Expression is strongly increased in hypothalamus between postnatal days 12 and 20, to reach high constant values in adult. |
| Similarity | Belongs to the melanin-concentrating hormone family. |
| Tissue Specificity | MCH is present in all regions of the brain and in neurointermediate lobe of the pituarity gland, with highest concentrations in the hypothalamus. Also expressed to a much lesser extent in stomach, lamina propria of both duodenum and colon, ovary, thymus, pancreas, adrenal gland and testis (spermatogonia, early spermatocytes and Sertoli cells). Weak expression in heart and lung. The other peptides are expressed at least in Sertoli cells, nei being also expressed in brain, stomach and proximal duodenum. In brain exclusively mature mch and nei peptides are present. In peripheral tissues a large product, encompassing the NEI and MCH domains of the precursor, is found predominantly. At low levels fully processed MCH and NEI peptides are present in gut. No expression in peripheral blood |
| Post translational modification | Pro-MCH is processed differentially in the brain and in peripheral organs producing two neuropeptides; NEI and MCH. A third peptide, NGE, may also be produced. Preferential processing in neurons by prohormone convertase 2 (PC2) generates NEI. MCH is generated in neurons of the lateral hypothalmic area by several prohormone convertases including PC1/3, PC2 and PC5/6. MCH is a cyclic peptide. |
| Function | NEI can influence differentiation of neuronal processes in brain neurons. Affects the content of neurofilament protein in neuritogenesis (in vitro). May also be a neuromodulatory factor. In behavioral tests, it stimulates exploration and anxiety when injected into the ventromedial nucleus. Also stimulates grooming, locomotion and rearing. May antagonize the inhibitory effect of mch on ACTH release. Reduces dopamine and dopac release in the ventromedial nucleus |
| Protein Length | 165 Amino acids |
| Molecular weight | 18482 |
| References | 1 PubMed abstract 2477226 2 PubMed abstract 2261081 3 PubMed abstract 2759038 4 PubMed abstract 7783849 5 PubMed abstract 8593803 6 PubMed abstract 7617126 7 PubMed abstract 1327720 8 PubMed abstract 10037747 9 PubMed abstract 7647772 10 PubMed abstract 9700748 11 PubMed abstract 9809645 |
| Domain Name | Pro-MCH |
| Hormone Name | Neuropeptide-glutamic acid-isoleucine |
| Mature Hormone Sequence | EIGDEENSAKFPI |
| Position of mature hormone in Pre-Hormone protein | 13 Residues from position (131-143) |
| Receptor | P97639
Detail in HMRbase |
| Gene ID | 24659 |
| PDB ID | N/A |
| Drugpedia | wiki |
| Comments |
| HMRbase accession number | 11410 |
| Swiss-prot Accession number | P14200 (Sequence in FASTA format) |
| Description | Pro-MCH precursor [Contains: Neuropeptide-glycine-glutamic acid (NGE)(Neuropeptide G-E); Neuropeptide-glutamic acid-isoleucine (NEI)(Neuropeptide E-I); Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)]. |
| Source organism | Rattus norvegicus (Rat) |
| Taxonomical Classification | Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Sciurognathi;Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus. |
| Subcellular location | Secreted protein |
| Developmental Stage | Expression is strongly increased in hypothalamus between postnatal days 12 and 20, to reach high constant values in adult. |
| Similarity | Belongs to the melanin-concentrating hormone family. |
| Tissue Specificity | MCH is present in all regions of the brain and in neurointermediate lobe of the pituarity gland, with highest concentrations in the hypothalamus. Also expressed to a much lesser extent in stomach, lamina propria of both duodenum and colon, ovary, thymus, pancreas, adrenal gland and testis (spermatogonia, early spermatocytes and Sertoli cells). Weak expression in heart and lung. The other peptides are expressed at least in Sertoli cells, nei being also expressed in brain, stomach and proximal duodenum. In brain exclusively mature mch and nei peptides are present. In peripheral tissues a large product, encompassing the NEI and MCH domains of the precursor, is found predominantly. At low levels fully processed MCH and NEI peptides are present in gut. No expression in peripheral blood |
| Post translational modification | Pro-MCH is processed differentially in the brain and in peripheral organs producing two neuropeptides; NEI and MCH. A third peptide, NGE, may also be produced. Preferential processing in neurons by prohormone convertase 2 (PC2) generates NEI. MCH is generated in neurons of the lateral hypothalmic area by several prohormone convertases including PC1/3, PC2 and PC5/6. MCH is a cyclic peptide. |
| Function | MCH inhibits ACTH secretion at the end of the light on period which corresponds to the peak of the circadian rhythm in ACTH. Inhibits also stress induced ACTH release during the light off period of the cycle. Involved as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in a broad array of neuronal functions. Stimulates sexual behavior when injected into the ventromedial nucleus, this effect is antagonized by NEI. In the medial preoptic area, stimulates anxiety and sexual behavior. Antagonizes inhibitory effect of melanotropin alpha on exploration behavior |
| Protein Length | 165 Amino acids |
| Molecular weight | 18482 |
| References | 1 PubMed abstract 2477226 2 PubMed abstract 2261081 3 PubMed abstract 2759038 4 PubMed abstract 7783849 5 PubMed abstract 8593803 6 PubMed abstract 7617126 7 PubMed abstract 1327720 8 PubMed abstract 10037747 9 PubMed abstract 7647772 10 PubMed abstract 9700748 11 PubMed abstract 9809645 |
| Domain Name | Pro-MCH |
| Hormone Name | Melanin-concentrating hormone |
| Mature Hormone Sequence | DFDMLRCMLGRVYRPCWQV |
| Position of mature hormone in Pre-Hormone protein | 19 Residues from position (147-165) |
| Receptor | P97639
Detail in HMRbase |
| Gene ID | 24659 |
| PDB ID | N/A |
| Drugpedia | wiki |
| Comments |