A database of hormones and their receptors| A database of hormones and their receptors |
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| HMRbase accession number | 11380 |
| Swiss-prot Accession number | P06883 (Sequence in FASTA format) |
| Description | Glucagon precursor [Contains: Glicentin; Glicentin-related polypeptide(GRPP); Oxyntomodulin (OXY) (OXM); Glucagon; Glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1); Glucagon-like peptide 1(7-37) (GLP-1(7-37)); Glucagon-likepeptide 1(7-36) (GLP-1(7-36)); Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2)]. |
| Source organism | Rattus norvegicus (Rat) |
| Taxonomical Classification | Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Sciurognathi;Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus. |
| Subcellular location | Secreted |
| Developmental Stage | N/A |
| Similarity | Belongs to the glucagon family. |
| Tissue Specificity | Glucagon is secreted in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans. GLP-1, GLP-2, oxyntomodulin and glicentin are secreted from enteroendocrine cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract |
| Post translational modification | Proglucagon is posttranslationally processed in a tissue- specific manner in pancreatic A cells and intestinal L cells. In pancreatic A cells, the major bioactive hormone is glucagon cleaved by PCSK2/PC2. In the intestinal L cells PCSK1/PC1 liberates GLP-1, GLP-2, glicentin and oxyntomodulin. GLP-1 is further N-terminally truncated by posttranslational processing in the intestinal L cells resulting in GLP-1(7-37) GLP-1-(7-36)amide. The C-terminal amidation is neither important for the metabolism of GLP-1 nor for its effects on the endocrine pancreas. |
| Function | Glicentin may modulate gastric acid secretion and the gastro-pyloro-duodenal activity |
| Protein Length | 180 Amino acids |
| Molecular weight | 20846 |
| References | 1 PubMed abstract 6094539 2 PubMed abstract 6548696 3 PubMed abstract 3528148 4 PubMed abstract 7937770 5 PubMed abstract 11564680 6 PubMed abstract 8721980 7 PubMed abstract 1692320 8 PubMed abstract 14719035 9 PubMed abstract 12554744 10 PubMed abstract 12626323 11 PubMed abstract 10322410 12 PubMed abstract 10605628 |
| Domain Name | Hormone_2 |
| Hormone Name | Glicentin |
| Mature Hormone Sequence | HAPQDTEENARSFPASQTEPLEDPDQINEDKRHSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNTKRNRNNIA |
| Position of mature hormone in Pre-Hormone protein | 69 Residues from position (21-89) |
| Receptor | P30082
Detail in HMRbase |
| Gene ID | 24952 |
| PDB ID | N/A |
| Drugpedia | wiki |
| Comments |
| HMRbase accession number | 11381 |
| Swiss-prot Accession number | P06883 (Sequence in FASTA format) |
| Description | Glucagon precursor [Contains: Glicentin; Glicentin-related polypeptide(GRPP); Oxyntomodulin (OXY) (OXM); Glucagon; Glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1); Glucagon-like peptide 1(7-37) (GLP-1(7-37)); Glucagon-likepeptide 1(7-36) (GLP-1(7-36)); Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2)]. |
| Source organism | Rattus norvegicus (Rat) |
| Taxonomical Classification | Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Sciurognathi;Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus. |
| Subcellular location | Secreted |
| Developmental Stage | N/A |
| Similarity | Belongs to the glucagon family. |
| Tissue Specificity | Glucagon is secreted in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans. GLP-1, GLP-2, oxyntomodulin and glicentin are secreted from enteroendocrine cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract |
| Post translational modification | Proglucagon is posttranslationally processed in a tissue- specific manner in pancreatic A cells and intestinal L cells. In pancreatic A cells, the major bioactive hormone is glucagon cleaved by PCSK2/PC2. In the intestinal L cells PCSK1/PC1 liberates GLP-1, GLP-2, glicentin and oxyntomodulin. GLP-1 is further N-terminally truncated by posttranslational processing in the intestinal L cells resulting in GLP-1(7-37) GLP-1-(7-36)amide. The C-terminal amidation is neither important for the metabolism of GLP-1 nor for its effects on the endocrine pancreas. |
| Function | Oxyntomodulin significantly reduces food intake |
| Protein Length | 180 Amino acids |
| Molecular weight | 20846 |
| References | 1 PubMed abstract 6094539 2 PubMed abstract 6548696 3 PubMed abstract 3528148 4 PubMed abstract 7937770 5 PubMed abstract 11564680 6 PubMed abstract 8721980 7 PubMed abstract 1692320 8 PubMed abstract 14719035 9 PubMed abstract 12554744 10 PubMed abstract 12626323 11 PubMed abstract 10322410 12 PubMed abstract 10605628 |
| Domain Name | Hormone_2 |
| Hormone Name | Oxyntomodulin |
| Mature Hormone Sequence | HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNTKRNRNNIA |
| Position of mature hormone in Pre-Hormone protein | 37 Residues from position (53-89) |
| Receptor | P30082
Detail in HMRbase |
| Gene ID | 24952 |
| PDB ID | N/A |
| Drugpedia | wiki |
| Comments |
| HMRbase accession number | 11382 |
| Swiss-prot Accession number | P06883 (Sequence in FASTA format) |
| Description | Glucagon precursor [Contains: Glicentin; Glicentin-related polypeptide(GRPP); Oxyntomodulin (OXY) (OXM); Glucagon; Glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1); Glucagon-like peptide 1(7-37) (GLP-1(7-37)); Glucagon-likepeptide 1(7-36) (GLP-1(7-36)); Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2)]. |
| Source organism | Rattus norvegicus (Rat) |
| Taxonomical Classification | Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Sciurognathi;Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus. |
| Subcellular location | Secreted |
| Developmental Stage | N/A |
| Similarity | Belongs to the glucagon family. |
| Tissue Specificity | Glucagon is secreted in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans. GLP-1, GLP-2, oxyntomodulin and glicentin are secreted from enteroendocrine cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract |
| Post translational modification | Proglucagon is posttranslationally processed in a tissue- specific manner in pancreatic A cells and intestinal L cells. In pancreatic A cells, the major bioactive hormone is glucagon cleaved by PCSK2/PC2. In the intestinal L cells PCSK1/PC1 liberates GLP-1, GLP-2, glicentin and oxyntomodulin. GLP-1 is further N-terminally truncated by posttranslational processing in the intestinal L cells resulting in GLP-1(7-37) GLP-1-(7-36)amide. The C-terminal amidation is neither important for the metabolism of GLP-1 nor for its effects on the endocrine pancreas. |
| Function | Glucagon plays a key role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Regulates blood glucose by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing glycolysis. A counterregulatory hormone of insulin, raises plasma glucose levels in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Plays an important role in initiating and maintaining hyperglycemic conditions in diabetes |
| Protein Length | 180 Amino acids |
| Molecular weight | 20846 |
| References | 1 PubMed abstract 6094539 2 PubMed abstract 6548696 3 PubMed abstract 3528148 4 PubMed abstract 7937770 5 PubMed abstract 11564680 6 PubMed abstract 8721980 7 PubMed abstract 1692320 8 PubMed abstract 14719035 9 PubMed abstract 12554744 10 PubMed abstract 12626323 11 PubMed abstract 10322410 12 PubMed abstract 10605628 |
| Domain Name | Hormone_2 |
| Hormone Name | Glucagon |
| Mature Hormone Sequence | HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT |
| Position of mature hormone in Pre-Hormone protein | 29 Residues from position (53-81) |
| Receptor | P30082
Detail in HMRbase |
| Gene ID | 24952 |
| PDB ID | N/A |
| Drugpedia | wiki |
| Comments |
| HMRbase accession number | 11383 |
| Swiss-prot Accession number | P06883 (Sequence in FASTA format) |
| Description | Glucagon precursor [Contains: Glicentin; Glicentin-related polypeptide(GRPP); Oxyntomodulin (OXY) (OXM); Glucagon; Glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1); Glucagon-like peptide 1(7-37) (GLP-1(7-37)); Glucagon-likepeptide 1(7-36) (GLP-1(7-36)); Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2)]. |
| Source organism | Rattus norvegicus (Rat) |
| Taxonomical Classification | Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Sciurognathi;Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus. |
| Subcellular location | Secreted |
| Developmental Stage | N/A |
| Similarity | Belongs to the glucagon family. |
| Tissue Specificity | Glucagon is secreted in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans. GLP-1, GLP-2, oxyntomodulin and glicentin are secreted from enteroendocrine cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract |
| Post translational modification | Proglucagon is posttranslationally processed in a tissue- specific manner in pancreatic A cells and intestinal L cells. In pancreatic A cells, the major bioactive hormone is glucagon cleaved by PCSK2/PC2. In the intestinal L cells PCSK1/PC1 liberates GLP-1, GLP-2, glicentin and oxyntomodulin. GLP-1 is further N-terminally truncated by posttranslational processing in the intestinal L cells resulting in GLP-1(7-37) GLP-1-(7-36)amide. The C-terminal amidation is neither important for the metabolism of GLP-1 nor for its effects on the endocrine pancreas. |
| Function | GLP-1 is a potent stimulator of glucose-dependent insulin release. Play important roles on gastric motility and the suppression of plasma glucagon levels. May be involved in the suppression of satiety and stimulation of glucose disposal in peripheral tissues, independent of the actions of insulin. Have growth-promoting activities on intestinal epithelium. May also regulate the hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA) via effects on LH, TSH, CRH, oxytocin, and vasopressin secretion. Increases islet mass through stimulation of islet neogenesis and pancreatic beta cell proliferaton. Inhibits beta cell apoptosis |
| Protein Length | 180 Amino acids |
| Molecular weight | 20846 |
| References | 1 PubMed abstract 6094539 2 PubMed abstract 6548696 3 PubMed abstract 3528148 4 PubMed abstract 7937770 5 PubMed abstract 11564680 6 PubMed abstract 8721980 7 PubMed abstract 1692320 8 PubMed abstract 14719035 9 PubMed abstract 12554744 10 PubMed abstract 12626323 11 PubMed abstract 10322410 12 PubMed abstract 10605628 |
| Domain Name | Hormone_2 |
| Hormone Name | Glucagon-like peptide 1 |
| Mature Hormone Sequence | HDEFERHAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGRG |
| Position of mature hormone in Pre-Hormone protein | 37 Residues from position (92-128) |
| Receptor | P30082
Detail in HMRbase |
| Gene ID | 24952 |
| PDB ID | N/A |
| Drugpedia | wiki |
| Comments |
| HMRbase accession number | 11384 |
| Swiss-prot Accession number | P06883 (Sequence in FASTA format) |
| Description | Glucagon precursor [Contains: Glicentin; Glicentin-related polypeptide(GRPP); Oxyntomodulin (OXY) (OXM); Glucagon; Glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1); Glucagon-like peptide 1(7-37) (GLP-1(7-37)); Glucagon-likepeptide 1(7-36) (GLP-1(7-36)); Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2)]. |
| Source organism | Rattus norvegicus (Rat) |
| Taxonomical Classification | Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Sciurognathi;Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus. |
| Subcellular location | Secreted |
| Developmental Stage | N/A |
| Similarity | Belongs to the glucagon family. |
| Tissue Specificity | Glucagon is secreted in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans. GLP-1, GLP-2, oxyntomodulin and glicentin are secreted from enteroendocrine cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract |
| Post translational modification | Proglucagon is posttranslationally processed in a tissue- specific manner in pancreatic A cells and intestinal L cells. In pancreatic A cells, the major bioactive hormone is glucagon cleaved by PCSK2/PC2. In the intestinal L cells PCSK1/PC1 liberates GLP-1, GLP-2, glicentin and oxyntomodulin. GLP-1 is further N-terminally truncated by posttranslational processing in the intestinal L cells resulting in GLP-1(7-37) GLP-1-(7-36)amide. The C-terminal amidation is neither important for the metabolism of GLP-1 nor for its effects on the endocrine pancreas. |
| Function | GLP-2 stimulates intestinal growth and up-regulates villus height in the small intestine, concomitant with increased crypt cell proliferation and decreased enterocyte apoptosis. The gastrointestinal tract, from the stomach to the colon is the principal target for GLP-2 action. Plays a key role in nutrient homeostasis, enhancing nutrient assimilation through enhanced gastrointestinal function, as well as increasing nutrient disposal. Stimulates intestinal glucose transport and decreases mucosal permeability |
| Protein Length | 180 Amino acids |
| Molecular weight | 20846 |
| References | 1 PubMed abstract 6094539 2 PubMed abstract 6548696 3 PubMed abstract 3528148 4 PubMed abstract 7937770 5 PubMed abstract 11564680 6 PubMed abstract 8721980 7 PubMed abstract 1692320 8 PubMed abstract 14719035 9 PubMed abstract 12554744 10 PubMed abstract 12626323 11 PubMed abstract 10322410 12 PubMed abstract 10605628 |
| Domain Name | Hormone_2 |
| Hormone Name | Glucagon-like peptide 2 |
| Mature Hormone Sequence | HADGSFSDEMNTILDNLATRDFINWLIQTKITD |
| Position of mature hormone in Pre-Hormone protein | 33 Residues from position (146-178) |
| Receptor | P30082
Detail in HMRbase |
| Gene ID | 24952 |
| PDB ID | N/A |
| Drugpedia | wiki |
| Comments |