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SAL_25575 details
Primary information
SALIDSAL_25575
Biomarker nameNPY2R
Biomarker TypePrognostic
Sampling MethodSaliva collected from 50 newborns born at 34 weeks of gestational age with prenatal opioid exposure and 50 sex- and gestational age-matched infants without exposure
Collection MethodOnce extracted, total RNA was stored at 80 degree C pending gene expression analysis
Analysis MethodqPCR
Collection SiteSaliva
Disease CategoryWithdrawl Symptom
Disease/Conditionneonatal opioid withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS)
Disease SubtypeNOWS with opioid opioid pharmacotherapy in females
Fold Change/ Concentration7.6 ÔøΩ +-ÔøΩ 4.8
Up/DownregulatedUpregulated
ExosomalNA
OrganismHomo sapiens
PMID31474426
Year of Publication2019
Biomarker IDNPY2R
Biomarker CategoryGene
SequenceGTATTGAGGAACCATATTCATTCAGATAAAGCCACAGACACGAATTCTCATGGAAGCCTATCAAACATAAACAGGTTGTAGACTCTTGTGCTGGTTGCAGGCCAAGTGGACCTGTACTGAAAATGGGTCCAATAGGTGCAGAGGCTGATGAGAACCAGACAGTGGAAGAAATGAAGGTGGAACAATACGGGCCACAAACAACTCCTAGAGGTGAACTGGTCCCTGACCCTGAGCCAGAGCTTATAGATAGTACCAAGCTGATTGAGGTACAAGTTGTTCTCATATTGGCCTACTGCTCCATCATCTTGCTTGGGGTAATTGGCAACTCCTTGGTGATCCATGTGGTGATCAAATTCAAGAGCATGCGCACAGTAACCAACTTTTTCATTGCCAATCTGGCTGTGGCAGATCTTTTGGTGAACACTCTGTGTCTACCGTTCACTCTTACCTATACCTTAATGGGGGAGTGGAAAATGGGTCCTGTCCTGTGCCACCTGGTGCCCTATGCCCAGGGCCTGGCAGTACAAGTATCCACAATCACCTTGACAGTAATTGCCCTGGACCGGCACAGGTGCATCGTCTACCACCTAGAGAGCAAGATCTCCAAGCGAATCAGCTTCCTGATTATTGGCTTGGCCTGGGGCATCAGTGCCCTGCTGGCAAGTCCCCTGGCCATCTTCCGGGAGTATTCGCTGATTGAGATCATCCCGGACTTTGAGATTGTGGCCTGTACTGAAAAGTGGCCTGGCGAGGAGAAGAGCATCTATGGCACTGTCTATAGTCTTTCTTCCTTGTTGATCTTGTATGTTTTGCCTCTGGGCATTATATCATTTTCCTACACTCGCATTTGGAGTAAATTGAAGAACCATGTCAGTCCTGGAGCTGCAAATGACCACTACCATCAGCGAAGGCAAAAAACCACCAAAATGCTGGTGTGTGTGGTGGTGGTGTTTGCGGTCAGCTGGCTGCCTCTCCATGCCTTCCAGCTTGCCGTTGACATTGACAGCCAGGTCCTGGACCTGAAGGAGTACAAACTCATCTTCACAGTGTTCCACATCATCGCCATGTGCTCCACTTTTGCCAATCCCCTTCTCTATGGCTGGATGAACAGCAACTACAGAAAGGCTTTCCTCTCGGCCTTCCGCTGTGAGCAGCGGTTGGATGCCATTCACTCTGAGGTGTCCGTGACATTCAAGGCTAAAAAGAACCTGGAGGTCAGAAAGAACAGTGGCCCCAATGACTCTTTCACAGAGGCTACCAATGTCTAAGGAAGCTGTGGTGTGAAAATGTATGGATGAATTCTGACCAGAGCTATGAATCTGGTTGATGGCGGCTCACAAGTGAAAACTGATTTCCCATTTTAAAGAAGAAGTGGATCTAAATGGAAGCATCTGCTGTTTAATTCCTGGAAAACTGGCTGGGCAGAGCCTGTGTGAAAATACTGGAATTCAAAGATAAGGCAACAAAATGGTTTACTTAACAGTTGGTTGGGTAGTAGGTTGCATTATGAGTAAAAGCAGAGAGAAGTACTTTTGATTATTTTCCTGGAGTGAAGAAAACTTGAACAAGAAATTGGTATTATCAAAGCATTGCTGAGAGACGGTGGGAAAATAAGTTGACTTTCAAATCACGTTAGGACCTGGATTGAGGAGGTGTGCAGTTCGCTGCTCCCTGCTTGGCTTATGAAAACACCACTGAACAGAAATTTCTCCAGGGAGCCACAGGCTCTCCTTCATCGCATTTTGATTTTTTTGTTCATTCTCTAGACAAAATCCATCAGGGAATGCTGCAGGAAACGATTGCCAACTATACGAATGGCTTCGAGGAGATAAACTGAAATTTGCTATATAATTAATATTTTGGCAGATGATAGGGGAACTCCTCAACACTCAGTGGGCCAATTGTTCTTAAAACCAATTGCACGTTTGGTGAAAGTTTCTTCAACTCTGAATCAAAAGCTGAAATTCTCAGAATTACAGGAAATGCAAACCATCATTTAATTTCTAATTTCAAGTTACATCCGCTTTATGGAGATACTATTTAGATAACAAGAATACAACTTGATACTTTTATTGTTATACCTTTTTGAACATGTATGATTTCTGTTGTTATTCCTATTGGAGCTAAGTTTGTCTACACTAAAATTTAAATCAGACTAGAGAATAATTTTTGTGGCATGTTGTAACATTTCACAGTATTTACAAGCTATTTTTGCACAGGTACATAGCTCTCATGTATTTAAAGAACACTGCAGTGTTATTTTCTTTGAAATTCATCCTCCACGGACCCATTCATACTAAATAAAACAATGTAATTACATTAAAATGGACCTATCTGTAAGAGGTACTAAAAACACTGGATTCATTTCATCTTGCAAATGTTGTATTTCAAACCAGTTTCACATAAGTTATTTGTCTTCTTTTCAAAATAATTAGCTATATTTTTATATAATATGAATATATACATAAAAATTGTTTCTATAAATTGTAGAACATAGATGCTACAGTATTTTTTATTTAATTATATTATGAATAAAATTGTTATTTCAATAGTACCCAACCAAAGATGCTTAAAAACCTTCTATGTTCATAAAAAATAACAACTGAGATGTTAAAATAGTCATACGTCTTTAGATGCTATTAAAGTTTCATTAGTCATATTTTTGTAAATATGACAGAATTTGTGAATATATTTTTAAAGCAAAAAACTTCAACATGCATATGATATATAGTTACAACATTAATTTTATGAACTGGAGAGCTTTACTTTGTGGATATATTTAAAATTCATATTATAGCTCCTATTAAATTCCTTCCATGATAGATATAAAGGACTGGTTTTTAAGTGCACTGCACTTCTGGAATACTGAAAAAGAATGAAAACAATATGTTAGATTAGGTGTAAGACTTTAAGAAGCGAACAAAAAGTAATGTATATCTGTAATATATAATCAAATGATTCATTTTTCTGTTAGACTAGGCAAATTGTTCAAAAATAACCTTTTTGTCTTTTAAGTAGCAGTCACTTTGCTTAAGATGCTAATAGAAAACTGTGGTTAAAGATTTACCCTCCCTCTTGGTGAATTATTACACTGTAAGAAATGTATATGCTACTGTGTTACATGTTGTATTAGTAAATTATTAGAATCCAATTAATGATTCAATTAACATATATCTTATCCAATTCATTATGTCAATTCATTAATAAAATACCTTTTATGTAGAGGCTTTATGTTGCAATTAAAAAGTTGGGAAAATGA
Title of studySex-Dependent Gene Expression in Infants with Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome
Abstract of studyOBJECTIVES: To evaluate salivary biomarkers that elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which in utero opioid exposure exerts sex-specific effects on select hypothalamic and reward genes driving hyperphagia, a hallmark symptom of infants suffering from neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS).STUDY DESIGN: We prospectively collected saliva from 50 newborns born at ≥34 weeks of gestational age with prenatal opioid exposure and 50 sex- and gestational age-matched infants without exposure. Saliva underwent transcriptomic analysis for 4 select genes involved in homeostatic and hedonic feeding regulation (neuropeptide Y2 receptor [NPY2R], proopiomelanocortin [POMC], leptin receptor [LEPR], dopamine type 2 receptor [DRD2]). Normalized gene expression data were stratified based on sex and correlated with feeding volume on day of life 7 and length of stay in infants with NOWS requiring pharmacotherapy.RESULTS: Expression of DRD2, a hedonistic/reward regulator, was significantly higher in male newborns compared with female newborns with NOWS (Δ threshold cycle 10.8 ± 3.8 vs 13.9 ± 3.7, P = .01). In NOWS requiring pharmacotherapy expression of leptin receptor, an appetite suppressor, was higher in male subjects than female subjects (Δ threshold cycle 8.4 ± 2.5 vs 12.4 ± 5.1, P = .05), DRD2 expression significantly correlated with intake volume on day of life 7 (r = 0.58, P = .02), and expression of NPY2R, an appetite regulator, negatively correlated with length of stay (r = -0.24, P = .05).CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal opioid exposure exerts sex-dependent effects on hypothalamic feeding regulatory genes with clinical correlations. Neonatal salivary gene expression analyses may predict hyperphagia, severity of withdrawal state, and length of stay in infants with NOWS.