| Primary information |
|---|
| SALID | SAL_16449 |
| Biomarker name | Salivary cortisol |
| Biomarker Type | Diagnostic |
| Sampling Method | In a naturalistic cohort of consecutive out-patients and healthy controls, sAA and SC were determined in 833 participants (97 MDD patients, 142 patients with other mood, anxiety, and/or somatoform (MAS-) disorders, and 594 healthy controls). |
| Collection Method | Participants were asked to remove the wad from the tube, chew on it gently for at least 2 min, place the wad back into the tube, and store it in the refrigerator. |
| Analysis Method | electrochemiluminescence immunoassay |
| Collection Site | Saliva |
| Disease Category | Psychological Disorder |
| Disease/Condition | Major depressive disorder |
| Disease Subtype | NA |
| Fold Change/ Concentration | 50 |
| Up/Downregulated | Upregulated |
| Exosomal | NA |
| Organism | Homo sapiens |
| PMID | 30005283 |
| Year of Publication | 2018 |
| Biomarker ID | 5754 |
| Biomarker Category | Metabolite |
| Sequence | C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@@]4(C(=O)CO)O)C)O |
| Title of study | Elevated salivary alpha-amylase levels at awakening in patients with depression |
| Abstract of study | BACKGROUND: Specific Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) biomarkers could help improve our understanding of MDD pathophysiology and aid in the refinement of current MDD criteria. While salivary cortisol (SC) can differentiate between healthy controls and patients with psychiatric disorders, salivary alpha amylase (sAA), may be a putative candidate biomarker for MDD specifically.METHODS: In a naturalistic cohort of consecutive out-patients and healthy controls, sAA and SC were determined in 833 participants (97 MDD patients, 142 patients with other mood, anxiety, and/or somatoform (MAS-) disorders, and 594 healthy controls). Samples were collected at 7 different time points (at awakening, after 30, 45, and 60 min, at 10:00 p.m., at 11:00 p.m., and at awakening on day 2).RESULTS: The mean age of the sample was 43.8 years (SD = 12.9; 63.9% female). Concerning sAA, MDD patients had higher sAA levels upon awakening on two consecutive days (p = 0.04, p = 0.01 respectively), as well as a higher area under the curve with respect to the increase (AUCi; p = 0.04) in comparison to both controls and the other MAS-disorders group. Regarding SC, mean levels of evening SC were elevated in MDD patients (p = 0.049) in comparison to both controls and the other MAS-disorders group. SC values on day 2 after ingestion of dexamethasone were elevated in both MDD patients and the other MAS-disorders group (p = 0.04, p = 0.047 respectively).CONCLUSIONS: sAA at awakening and not cortisol differentiates MDD from other psychiatric disorders in outpatients. This suggests that sAA may be a valuable candidate biomarker specifically for MDD. |