| Primary information |
|---|
| SALID | SAL_16124 |
| Biomarker name | Formate |
| Biomarker Type | NA |
| Sampling Method | About 10 nonverbal pediatric patients with Cerebral Palsy |
| Collection Method | Approximately 3 mL of unstimulated (i.e., passively collected) saliva was procured. |
| Analysis Method | H-NMR |
| Collection Site | Whole Saliva |
| Disease Category | Other |
| Disease/Condition | Pain |
| Disease Subtype | NA |
| Fold Change/ Concentration | NA |
| Up/Downregulated | NA |
| Exosomal | NA |
| Organism | Homo sapiens |
| PMID | 25234580 |
| Year of Publication | 2014 |
| Biomarker ID | 283 |
| Biomarker Category | Metabolite |
| Sequence | C(=O)[O-] |
| Title of study | Can biomarkers differentiate pain and no pain subgroups of nonverbal children with cerebral palsy? A preliminary investigation based on noninvasive saliva sampling |
| Abstract of study | OBJECTIVE: Assessing and treating pain in nonverbal children with developmental disabilities are a clinical challenge. Current assessment approaches rely on clinical impression and behavioral rating scales completed by proxy report. Given the growing health relevance of the salivary metabolome, we undertook a translational-oriented feasibility study using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and neuropeptide/cytokine/hormone detection to compare a set of salivary biomarkers relevant to nociception.DESIGN: Within-group observational design.SETTING: Tertiary pediatric rehabilitation hospital.SUBJECTS: Ten nonverbal pediatric patients with cerebral palsy with and without pain.METHODS: Unstimulated (passively collected) saliva was collected using oral swabs followed by perchloric acid extraction and analyzed on a Bruker Avance 700 MHz NMR spectrometer. We also measured salivary levels of several cytokines, chemokines, hormones, and neuropeptides.RESULTS: Partial least squares discriminant analysis showed separation of those children with/without pain for a number of different biomarkers. The majority of the salivary metabolite, neuropeptide, cytokine, and hormone levels were higher in children with pain vs no pain.CONCLUSIONS: The ease of collection and noninvasive manner in which the samples were collected and analyzed support the possibility of the regular predictive use of this novel biomarker-monitoring method in clinical practice. |