| Primary information |
|---|
| SALID | SAL_12556 |
| Biomarker name | Leukocyte elastase inhibitor |
| Biomarker Type | NA |
| Sampling Method | Participants were healthy young adults (21 females and 17 males; mean age +- SD, 24.9 +- 2.3; mean BMI +- SD, 21.5 +- 2.4) were recruited among the students of the University of Pisa. |
| Collection Method | Unstimulated whole saliva was collected. |
| Analysis Method | 2DE and LC-MS/MS |
| Collection Site | Whole Saliva |
| Disease Category | Stress |
| Disease/Condition | Acute Psychological Stress |
| Disease Subtype | NA |
| Fold Change/ Concentration | NA |
| Up/Downregulated | NA |
| Exosomal | NA |
| Organism | Homo sapiens |
| PMID | 33919012 |
| Year of Publication | 2021 |
| Biomarker ID | P30740 |
| Biomarker Category | Protein |
| Sequence | MEQLSSANTRFALDLFLALSENNPAGNIFISPFSISSAMAMVFLGTRGNTAAQLSKTFHFNTVEEVHSRFQSLNADINKRGASYILKLANRLYGEKTYNFLPEFLVSTQKTYGADLASVDFQHASEDARKTINQWVKGQTEGKIPELLASGMVDNMTKLVLVNAIYFKGNWKDKFMKEATTNAPFRLNKKDRKTVKMMYQKKKFAYGYIEDLKCRVLELPYQGEELSMVILLPDDIEDESTGLKKIEEQLTLEKLHEWTKPENLDFIEVNVSLPRFKLEESYTLNSDLARLGVQDLFNSSKADLSGMSGARDIFISKIVHKSFVEVNEEGTEAAAATAGIATFCMLMPEENFTADHPFLFFIRHNSSGSILFLGRFSSP |
| Title of study | Salivary Proteome Changes in Response to Acute Psychological Stress Due to an Oral Exam Simulation in University Students: Effect of an Olfactory Stimulus |
| Abstract of study | The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a crucial role both in acute and chronic psychological stress eliciting changes in many local and systemic physiological and biochemical processes. Salivary secretion is also regulated by ANS. In this study, we explored salivary proteome changes produced in thirty-eight University students by a test stress, which simulated an oral exam. Students underwent a relaxation phase followed by the stress test during which an electrocardiogram was recorded. To evaluate the effect of an olfactory stimulus, half of the students were exposed to a pleasant odor diffused in the room throughout the whole session. Saliva samples were collected after the relaxation phase (T0) and the stress test (T1). State anxiety was also evaluated at T0 and T1. Salivary proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis, and patterns at different times were compared. Spots differentially expressed were trypsin digested and identified by mass spectrometry. Western blot analysis was used to validate proteomic results. Anxiety scores and heart rate changes indicated that the fake exam induced anxiety. Significant changes of α-amylase, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR), and immunoglobulin α chain (IGHA) secretion were observed after the stress test was performed in the two conditions. Moreover, the presence of pleasant odor reduced the acute social stress affecting salivary proteome changes. Therefore, saliva proteomic analysis was a useful approach to evaluate the rapid responses associated to an acute stress test also highlighting known biomarkers. |