| Primary information |
|---|
| SALID | SAL_11341 |
| Biomarker name | Calprotectin |
| Biomarker Type | Diagnostic |
| Sampling Method | Unstimulated saliva was collected by means of passive drooling, and stimulated saliva through chewing on a 0.5 g paraffin tablet for 5 min (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), spitting into a collection tube. |
| Collection Method | Unstimulated and stimulated |
| Analysis Method | ELISA |
| Collection Site | Whole Saliva |
| Disease Category | Gastrointestinal Disorder |
| Disease/Condition | inflammatory bowel disease |
| Disease Subtype | NA |
| Fold Change/ Concentration | 4 |
| Up/Downregulated | Upregulated |
| Exosomal | NA |
| Organism | Homo sapiens |
| PMID | 31442931 |
| Year of Publication | 2019 |
| Biomarker ID | P05109 |
| Biomarker Category | Protein |
| Sequence | MLTELEKALNSIIDVYHKYSLIKGNFHAVYRDDLKKLLETECPQYIRKKGADVWFKELDINTDGAVNFQEFLILVIKMGVAAHKKSHEESHKE |
| Title of study | Salivary calprotectin is elevated in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease |
| Abstract of study | OBJECTIVES: To assess the concentration of calprotectin, a heterodimer of S100A8 and S100A9 implicated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in saliva of IBD patients compared to controls.METHODS: Unstimulated and stimulated saliva, and serum was collected from 23 IBD patients with active intestinal inflammation, verified by endoscopy. Fifteen patients were re-sampled after treatment. Saliva was collected from 15 controls for protocol validation and group comparisons. Calprotectin concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, correlated to clinical data/indexes and routine laboratory parameters.RESULTS: Calprotectin was 4.0-fold (median) elevated in stimulated saliva of IBD patients compared to controls and tended to be elevated in unstimulated saliva (P = 0.001, P = 0.090). Crohn's (CD) patients had significantly elevated calprotectin in both unstimulated and stimulated saliva compared to controls (P = 0.011, P = 0.002). Newly diagnosed, treatment naïve CD patients had 8.2-fold (median) higher calprotectin concentrations in unstimulated saliva and 1.5-fold in stimulated saliva, compared to CD patients with established disease (P = 0.059, P = 0.019). Calprotectin decreased in serum of IBD patients after treatment (P = 0.011), and in unstimulated saliva of newly diagnosed, treatment naïve CD patients (P = 0.046, P = 0.028).CONCLUSION: Salivary calprotectin is elevated in IBD, which suggests subclinical inflammatory responses in the oral cavity as a manifestation of IBD. |