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Browse result page of AntiTbPdb

The total number entries retrieved from this search are 650
IDNameSequenceN-Terminal ModificationC-Terminal ModificationChemical ModificationLinear/CyclicLengthChiralityNatureSourceOriginSpeciesStrainInhibition ConcentrationIn vitro/ In vivoCell LineIntracellular InhibitionCytotoxicityAnimal ModelEffective Dose in model organismImmune ResponceMechanism of ActionTargetCombination TherapyOther ActivitiesYear of PublicationPubmed ID/ Patent No.
antitb_1164hLFcin1-11GRRRRSVQWCAFreeFreeNoneLinear11LCationicProtein DerivedFrom human lactoferrin Mycobacterium aviumMycobacterium avium strain 2447 smooth transparent variant (SmT)IC50 = 15.8 ± 4.5In vitroNoneNANANone NANAPermeabilization of peptide causes significant changes both in the surface and in the ultrastructural organization of the mycobacterial cells.Cell envelopeNoneAntibacterial201424709266
antitb_1165hLFcin1-11GRRRRSVQWCAFreeFreeNoneLinear11LCationicProtein DerivedFrom human lactoferrin Mycobacterium aviumMycobacterium avium strain 2447 smooth transparent variant (SmT)IC90 =34.6 ± 22.4In vitroNoneNANANone NANAPermeabilization of peptide causes significant changes both in the surface and in the ultrastructural organization of the mycobacterial cells.Cell envelopeNoneAntibacterial201424709266
antitb_1166hLFcin1-11GRRRRSVQWCAFreeFreeNoneLinear11LCationicProtein DerivedFrom human lactoferrin Mycobacterium aviumMycobacterium avium strain 2-151 smooth transparent variant (SmT)IC50 = 11.0 ± 4.1In vitroNoneNANANone NANAPermeabilization of peptide causes significant changes both in the surface and in the ultrastructural organization of the mycobacterial cells.Cell envelopeNoneAntibacterial201424709266
antitb_1167hLFcin1-11GRRRRSVQWCAFreeFreeNoneLinear11LCationicProtein DerivedFrom human lactoferrin Mycobacterium aviumMycobacterium avium strain 2-151 smooth transparent variant (SmT)IC90 = 65.8 ± 19.3In vitroNoneNANANone NANAPermeabilization of peptide causes significant changes both in the surface and in the ultrastructural organization of the mycobacterial cells.Cell envelopeNoneAntibacterial201424709266
antitb_1168hLFcin1-11GRRRRSVQWCAFreeFreeNoneLinear11LCationicProtein DerivedFrom human lactoferrin Mycobacterium aviumMycobacterium avium strain 2-151 smooth doomed variant (SmD)IC50 = 15.2 ± 2.9In vitroNoneNANANone NANAPermeabilization of peptide causes significant changes both in the surface and in the ultrastructural organization of the mycobacterial cells.Cell envelopeNoneAntibacterial201424709266
antitb_1169hLFcin1-11GRRRRSVQWCAFreeFreeNoneLinear11LCationicProtein DerivedFrom human lactoferrin Mycobacterium aviumMycobacterium avium strain 2-151 smooth doomed variant (SmD)IC90 =37.9 ± 15.9In vitroNoneNANANone NANAPermeabilization of peptide causes significant changes both in the surface and in the ultrastructural organization of the mycobacterial cells.Cell envelopeNoneAntibacterial201424709266
antitb_1170hLFcin1-11 all K GKKKKSVQWCAFreeFreeNoneLinear11LCationicSyntheticNAMycobacterium aviumMycobacterium avium strain 2447 smooth transparent variant (SmT)IC50 = 39.1 ± 6.9In vitroNoneNANANone NANAPermeabilization of peptide causes significant changes both in the surface and in the ultrastructural organization of the mycobacterial cells.Cell envelopeNoneNone201424709266
antitb_1171LFcin17-30 FKCRRWQWRMKKLGFreeFreeNoneLinear14LCationicProtein DerivedFrom bovine lactoferricinMycobacterium aviumMycobacterium avium strain 2447 smooth transparent variant (SmT)IC50 = 14.2 ± 1.5In vitroNoneNANANone NANAPermeabilization of peptide causes significant changes both in the surface and in the ultrastructural organization of the mycobacterial cells.Cell envelopeNoneAntibacterial201424709266
antitb_1172LFcin17-30 FKCRRWQWRMKKLGFreeFreeNoneLinear14LCationicProtein DerivedFrom bovine lactoferricinMycobacterium aviumMycobacterium avium strain 2447 smooth transparent variant (SmT)IC90 = 18.9 ± 4.0In vitroNoneNANANone NANAPermeabilization of peptide causes significant changes both in the surface and in the ultrastructural organization of the mycobacterial cells.Cell envelopeNoneAntibacterial201424709266
antitb_1173LFcin17-30 FKCRRWQWRMKKLGFreeFreeNoneLinear14LCationicProtein DerivedFrom bovine lactoferricinMycobacterium aviumMycobacterium avium strain 2-151 smooth transparent variant (SmT)IC50 = 8.0 ± 1.5In vitroNoneNANANone NANAPermeabilization of peptide causes significant changes both in the surface and in the ultrastructural organization of the mycobacterial cells.Cell envelopeNoneAntibacterial201424709266
antitb_1174LFcin17-30 FKCRRWQWRMKKLGFreeFreeNoneLinear14LCationicProtein DerivedFrom bovine lactoferricinMycobacterium aviumMycobacterium avium strain 2-151 smooth transparent variant (SmT)IC90 = 22.8 ± 9.1In vitroNoneNANANone NANAPermeabilization of peptide causes significant changes both in the surface and in the ultrastructural organization of the mycobacterial cells.Cell envelopeNoneAntibacterial201424709266
antitb_1175LFcin17-30 FKCRRWQWRMKKLGFreeFreeNoneLinear14LCationicProtein DerivedFrom bovine lactoferricinMycobacterium aviumMycobacterium avium strain 2-151 smooth doomed variant (SmD)IC50 = 12.4 ± 0.3In vitroNoneNANANone NANAPermeabilization of peptide causes significant changes both in the surface and in the ultrastructural organization of the mycobacterial cells.Cell envelopeNoneAntibacterial201424709266
antitb_1176LFcin17-30 FKCRRWQWRMKKLGFreeFreeNoneLinear14LCationicProtein DerivedFrom bovine lactoferricinMycobacterium aviumMycobacterium avium strain 2-151 smooth doomed variant (SmD)IC90 = 21.5 ± 4.0In vitroNoneNANANone NANAPermeabilization of peptide causes significant changes both in the surface and in the ultrastructural organization of the mycobacterial cells.Cell envelopeNoneAntibacterial201424709266
antitb_1177D-LFcin17-30 fkcrrwqwrmkklgFreeFreeNoneLinear14DCationicSyntheticNAMycobacterium aviumMycobacterium avium strain 2447 smooth transparent variant (SmT)IC50 = 10.7 ± 0.9In vitroNoneNANANone NANAPermeabilization of peptide causes significant changes both in the surface and in the ultrastructural organization of the mycobacterial cells.Cell envelopeNoneNone201424709266
antitb_1178D-LFcin17-30 fkcrrwqwrmkklgFreeFreeNoneLinear14DCationicSyntheticNAMycobacterium aviumMycobacterium avium strain 2447 smooth transparent variant (SmT)IC90 = 14.4 ± 1.9In vitroNoneNANANone NANAPermeabilization of peptide causes significant changes both in the surface and in the ultrastructural organization of the mycobacterial cells.Cell envelopeNoneNone201424709266
antitb_1179LFcin17-30 all K FKCKKWQWKMKKLGFreeFreeNoneLinear14LCationicSyntheticNAMycobacterium aviumMycobacterium avium strain 2447 smooth transparent variant (SmT)IC50 = 18.0 ± 2.1In vitroNoneNANANone NANAPermeabilization of peptide causes significant changes both in the surface and in the ultrastructural organization of the mycobacterial cells.Cell envelopeNoneNone201424709266
antitb_1180LFcin17-30 all K FKCKKWQWKMKKLGFreeFreeNoneLinear14LCationicSyntheticNAMycobacterium aviumMycobacterium avium strain 2447 smooth transparent variant (SmT)IC90 = 34.4 ± 8.2In vitroNoneNANANone NANAPermeabilization of peptide causes significant changes both in the surface and in the ultrastructural organization of the mycobacterial cells.Cell envelopeNoneNone201424709266
antitb_1181LFcin17-30 all R FRCRRWQWRMRRLGFreeFreeNoneLinear14LCationicSyntheticNAMycobacterium aviumMycobacterium avium strain 2447 smooth transparent variant (SmT)IC50 = 10.8 ± 1.6In vitroNoneNANANone NANAPermeabilization of peptide causes significant changes both in the surface and in the ultrastructural organization of the mycobacterial cells.Cell envelopeNoneNone201424709266
antitb_1182LFcin17-30 all R FRCRRWQWRMRRLGFreeFreeNoneLinear14LCationicSyntheticNAMycobacterium aviumMycobacterium avium strain 2447 smooth transparent variant (SmT)IC90 = 19.3 ± 4.8In vitroNoneNANANone NANAPermeabilization of peptide causes significant changes both in the surface and in the ultrastructural organization of the mycobacterial cells.Cell envelopeNoneNone201424709266
antitb_1183SL3 AAARIRHEGVFLLIGNSCFSLPRNGPQLLLLAWFreeFreeNoneLinear33LNANaturalIsolated from lung cDNA libraryMycobacterium tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv45% reduction in growth was observedBothTHP-1 cellsDrastic reduction (~80%) in M.tb intracellular survival after 72 hrs of infectionNo cytotoxictyBALB/c female mice at 6–8 weeks of age NANADisruption in mycobacterila secretory and cell wall biosynthetic pathwayMolecules specific to mycobacterial cellNoneNone201425349777
antitb_1185Pin2FWGALAKGALKLIPSLFSSFSKKDFreeFreeNoneLinear24LCationicNaturalVenom of the African scorpion Pandinus imperatorMycobacterium tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv MIC = 57.7 ± 22.3 μg/ml or 22.1 ± 8.6 μMIn vitroRBCNAHemolysis ( IC-50 = 3.3 [1.9–5.7])None NANACell wall disruptionCell wallNoneAnti-bacterial (E. coli, S. aureus)201425019413
antitb_1186Pin2FWGALAKGALKLIPSLFSSFSKKDFreeFreeNoneLinear24LCationicNaturalVenom of the African scorpion Pandinus imperatorMycobacterium tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis muti-drug resistant strain (MDR) clinical isolateMIC = 86.5 μg/ml or 33.1 μMIn vitroRBCNAHemolysis ( IC-50 = 3.3 [1.9–5.7])None NANACell wall disruptionCell wallNoneAnti-bacterial (E. coli, S. aureus)201425019413
antitb_1187Pin2 [G] FWGALAKGALKLIGSLFSSFSKKDFreeFreeNoneLinear24LCationicSyntheticAmino acid substitution at one postion of Pin2 (P at 14 by G)Mycobacterium tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv MIC = 48.1 μg/ml or 18.7 μMIn vitroRBCNAHemolysis ( IC-50 = 1.4 [0.4–4.3] )None NANACell wall disruptionCell wallNoneAnti-bacterial (E. coli, S. aureus)201425019413
antitb_1188Pin2 [G] FWGALAKGALKLIGSLFSSFSKKDFreeFreeNoneLinear24LCationicSyntheticAmino acid substitution at one postion of Pin2 (P at 14 by G)Mycobacterium tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis muti-drug resistant strain (MDR) clinical isolateMIC = 48.1 μg/ml or 18.7 μMIn vitroRBCNAHemolysis ( IC-50 = 1.4 [0.4–4.3] )None NANACell wall disruptionCell wallNoneAnti-bacterial (E. coli, S. aureus)201425019413
antitb_1189Pin2 [GPG] FWGALAKGALKLIGPGSLFSSFSKKDFreeFreeNoneLinear26LCationicSyntheticAmino acid substitution at one postion of Pin2 (P at 14 by GPG)Mycobacterium tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv MIC = 80.1 ± 24.8 μg/ml or 29 ± 9 μMIn vitroRBCNAHemolysis ( IC-50 = 46.6 [34–64] )None NANACell wall disruptionCell wallNoneAnti-bacterial (E. coli, S. aureus)201425019413
antitb_1190Pin2 [GPG] FWGALAKGALKLIGPGSLFSSFSKKDFreeFreeNoneLinear26LCationicSyntheticAmino acid substitution at one postion of Pin2 (P at 14 by GPG)Mycobacterium tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis muti-drug resistant strain (MDR) clinical isolateMIC = 48.1 μg/ml or 17.4 μMIn vitroRBCNAHemolysis ( IC-50 = 46.6 [34–64] )None NANACell wall disruptionCell wallNoneAnti-bacterial (E. coli, S. aureus)201425019413
antitb_1191Pin2 [14] FWGLKGLKKFSKKLFreeFreeNoneLinear14LCationicSyntheticShort variant of Pin2Mycobacterium tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv MIC = 20 ± 6.92 μg/ml or 11.92 ± 3.7 μMIn vitroRBCNAHemolysis ( IC-50 = 418.4 [291–602])None NANACell wall disruptionCell wallNoneAnti-bacterial (E. coli, S. aureus)201425019413
antitb_1192Pin2 [14] FWGLKGLKKFSKKLFreeFreeNoneLinear14LCationicSyntheticShort variant of Pin3Mycobacterium tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis muti-drug resistant strain (MDR) clinical isolateMIC = 10 ± 3.1 μg/ml or 6 ± 1.8 μMIn vitroRBCNAHemolysis ( IC-50 = 418.4 [291–602])None NANACell wall disruptionCell wallNoneAnti-bacterial (E. coli, S. aureus)201425019413
antitb_1193Pin2 [17] FWGLKGLKGPGKFSKKLFreeFreeNoneLinear17LCationicSyntheticShort variant of Pin3Mycobacterium tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv MIC = 22 ± 4.9 μg/ml or 11.65 ± 2.59 μMIn vitroRBCNANo cytotoxicty, No HemolysisNone NANACell wall disruptionCell wallNoneAnti-bacterial (E. coli, S. aureus)201425019413
antitb_1194Pin2 [17] FWGLKGLKGPGKFSKKLFreeFreeNoneLinear17LCationicSyntheticShort variant of Pin4Mycobacterium tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis muti-drug resistant strain (MDR) clinical isolateMIC = 28.0 ± 9.8 μg/ml or 14.85 ± 5.2 μMIn vitroRBCNANo cytotoxicty, No HemolysisNone NANACell wall disruptionCell wallNoneAnti-bacterial (E. coli, S. aureus)201425019413
antitb_1219Cathelicidin HHC-10KRWWKWIRWFreeFreeNoneLinear9LCationicSyntheticNAMycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria, Mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette guerin (BCG) (Mycobacterium bovis BCG Pasteur 1173P2)69 % decrease in CFU at 50 μg/ mlBothNoneNANA8–9 weeks old C57BL/6 mice CFUs in mouse lungs were reduced 77.8% at 1.25 mg Significant reduction of IFN-γ transcription Cell envelope disruptionCell envelopeNoneAntibacterial (such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and S. aureus etc201323231581
antitb_1220Cathelicidin HHC-10KRWWKWIRWFreeFreeNoneLinear9LCationicSyntheticNAMycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria, Mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette guerin (BCG) (Mycobacterium bovis BCG Pasteur 1173P2)88 % decrease in CFU at 100 μg/ mlBothNoneNANA8–9 weeks old C57BL/6 mice CFUs in mouse lungs were reduced 95.8% at 2.5 mg kSignificant reduction of IFN-γ transcription Cell envelope disruptionCell envelopeNoneAntibacterial (such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and S. aureus etc201323231581
antitb_1221PK34 PRVIETKVHGREVTGLARNVSEENVDRLAKRWIKFreeFreeNoneLinear34LCationicSyntheticSearched and selected from mycobacteriophage genome sequencesMycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain (ATCC 27294 MIC = 50 μg/mlBothMurine macrophage-like J774A.1 NANAFour-week-old female BALB/c mice Dose of 20 mg (5×10−6 mol)/kg BW/d, PK34 had coInhibits the proinflammatory factor (IFN-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12) production of macrophage cells induced by TDM.Cell wall disruptiontrehalose-6,6=-dimycolate (TDM) NoneNone201323603838
antitb_1222PeptideSEFAYGSFVRTVSLPVConjugated with INHFreeConjugated with INH at N-terminalLinear16LNAProtein Derived91−106 region of the heat shock protein (Hsp16.3)NoneNoneNANANANANANA NANAInteract with Phospholipid Langmuir Monolayers and enhnaces the cell permating abiloity of INHPhospholipid Langmuir Monolayers Isoniazide (INH)None201323679078
antitb_1223Human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP-1)ACYCRIPACIAGERRYGTCIYQGRLWAFCCFreeFreeDisulfide bridge: 2-30, 4-19, 9-29Cyclic30LNAProtein DerivedHuman neutrophilMycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv 96.5 % inhibition at 10 μg/mlIn vitroTHP-1 cells Significant reduction in CFUNANone NANANANANoneNone201323827033
antitb_1224Human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP-1)ACYCRIPACIAGERRYGTCIYQGRLWAFCCFreeFreeDisulfide bridge: 2-30, 4-19, 9-30Cyclic30LNAProtein DerivedHuman neutrophilMycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv 98.3 % inhibition at 15 μg/mlIn vitroTHP-1 cells Significant reduction in CFUNANone NANANANANoneNone201323827033
antitb_1225Human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP-1)ACYCRIPACIAGERRYGTCIYQGRLWAFCCFreeFreeDisulfide bridge: 2-30, 4-19, 9-31Cyclic30LNAProtein DerivedHuman neutrophilMycobacterium tuberculosis 36 Clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis11 isolates (31%) showed greater sensitivity to HNP-1 than H37Rv strains. At 15 μg/ml, they wer completely inhibited.In vitroTHP-1 cells Sixteen clinical isolates had lower intracellular growth ability than the H37Rv strain. NANone NANANANANoneNone201323827033
antitb_1226Human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP-1)ACYCRIPACIAGERRYGTCIYQGRLWAFCCFreeFreeDisulfide bridge: 2-30, 4-19, 9-32Cyclic30LNAProtein DerivedHuman neutrophilMycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium bovis BCG99.6 % inhibition at 10 μg/mlIn vitroTHP-1 cells Significant reduction in CFUNANone NANANANANoneNone201323827033
antitb_1227Human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP-1)ACYCRIPACIAGERRYGTCIYQGRLWAFCCFreeFreeDisulfide bridge: 2-30, 4-19, 9-33Cyclic30LNAProtein DerivedHuman neutrophilMycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium bovis BCG100 % inhibition at 10 μg/mlIn vitroTHP-1 cells Significant reduction in CFUNANone NANANANANoneNone201323827033
antitb_1228High Activity Binding Peptides (HABPs) TGMAALEQYLGSGHAVIVSIFreeFreeNoneLinear20LNAProtein DerivedFrom Rv1268c protein Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv NAIn vitroalveolar epithelial cells A549 (ATCC No. CCL-185) Inhibited mycobacterial entry by up to 65%. NANone NANAInhibit mycobacterial entry into cellsNANoneNone201323993672
antitb_1229High Activity Binding Peptides (HABPs) AVALGLASPADAAAGTMYGDFreeFreeNoneLinear20LNAProtein DerivedFrom Rv1268c protein Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv NAIn vitroU937 monocyte derived macrophages (ATCC No. CRL-1593.2) Inhibited mycobacterial entry by up to 65%. NANone NANAInhibit mycobacterial entry into cellsNANoneNone201323993672
antitb_1230(LLKK)2LLKKLLKKFreeFreeNoneLinear8LCationicSyntheticNAMycobacterium smegmatis Mycobacterium smegmatis (ATCC No. 14468) MIC = 125 mg/LIn vitroRat red blood cells (rRBCs) NAVery low, i.e. 50% hemolysis concentration (HC50) > 1000 mg/LNone NANAMembrane-lytic mechanism Cell envelopeNoneAntibacterial201424314557
antitb_1231(LLKK)2LLKKLLKKFreeFreeNoneLinear8LCationicSyntheticNAMycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium bovis BCG lux MIC = 500 mg/LIn vitroRat red blood cells (rRBCs) NAVery low, i.e. 50% hemolysis concentration (HC50) > 1000 mg/LNone NANAMembrane-lytic mechanism Cell envelopeNoneAntibacterial201424314557
antitb_1232(LLKK)2LLKKLLKKFreeFreeNoneLinear8LCationicSyntheticNAMycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv MIC > 500 mg/LIn vitroRat red blood cells (rRBCs) NAVery low, i.e. 50% hemolysis concentration (HC50) > 1000 mg/LNone NANAMembrane-lytic mechanism Cell envelopeNoneAntibacterial201424314557
antitb_1233(LLKK)2LLKKLLKKFreeFreeNoneLinear8LCationicSyntheticNAMycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis CSU87 reistant to rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, streptomycin and kanamycinMIC > 500 mg/LIn vitroRat red blood cells (rRBCs) NAVery low, i.e. 50% hemolysis concentration (HC50) > 1000 mg/LNone NANAMembrane-lytic mechanism Cell envelopeNoneAntibacterial201424314557
antitb_1234C(LLKK)2CLLKKLLKKFreeFreeNoneLinear9LCationicSyntheticNAMycobacterium smegmatis Mycobacterium smegmatis (ATCC No. 14468) MIC = 62.5 mg/LIn vitroRat red blood cells (rRBCs) NAVery low, i.e. 50% hemolysis concentration (HC50) > 1000 mg/LNone NANAMembrane-lytic mechanism Cell envelopeNoneAntibacterial201424314557
antitb_1235C(LLKK)2CLLKKLLKKFreeFreeNoneLinear9LCationicSyntheticNAMycobacterium smegmatis Mycobacterium smegmatis resistant agianst rifampicinMIC = 62.5 mg/LIn vitroRat red blood cells (rRBCs) NAVery low, i.e. 50% hemolysis concentration (HC50) > 1000 mg/LNone NANAMembrane-lytic mechanism Cell envelopeNoneAntibacterial201424314557
antitb_1236C(LLKK)2CLLKKLLKKFreeFreeNoneLinear9LCationicSyntheticNAMycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium bovis BCG lux MIC = 250 mg/LIn vitroRat red blood cells (rRBCs) NAVery low, i.e. 50% hemolysis concentration (HC50) > 1000 mg/LNone NANAMembrane-lytic mechanism Cell envelopeNoneAntibacterial201424314557
antitb_1237C(LLKK)2CLLKKLLKKFreeFreeNoneLinear9LCationicSyntheticNAMycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv MIC > 500 mg/LIn vitroRat red blood cells (rRBCs) NAVery low, i.e. 50% hemolysis concentration (HC50) > 1000 mg/LNone NANAMembrane-lytic mechanism Cell envelopeNoneAntibacterial201424314557
antitb_1238C(LLKK)2CLLKKLLKKFreeFreeNoneLinear9LCationicSyntheticNAMycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis CSU87 reistant to rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, streptomycin and kanamycinMIC > 500 mg/LIn vitroRat red blood cells (rRBCs) NAVery low, i.e. 50% hemolysis concentration (HC50) > 1000 mg/LNone NANAMembrane-lytic mechanism Cell envelopeNoneAntibacterial201424314557