CoronaVIR: Computational Resources on Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19)

Drug Name	Target	Molecular weight	Molecular Formula	Kd value	EC50	SMILES	Reference
Moexipril	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	498.5681	C27H34N2O7	NA	NA	CCOC(=O)[C@H](CCC1=CC=CC=C1)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1CC2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C2C[C@H]1C(O)=O	DB00691
Sitagliptin	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	407.3136	C16H15F6N5O	NA	NA	N[C@@H](CC(=O)N1CCN2C(C1)=NN=C2C(F)(F)F)CC1=CC(F)=C(F)C=C1F	DB01261
Vildagliptin	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	303.3993	C17H25N3O2	NA	NA	OC12CC3CC(C1)CC(C3)(C2)NCC(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C#N	DB04876
Alogliptin	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	339.3916	C18H21N5O2	NA	NA	CN1C(=O)C=C(N2CCC[C@@H](N)C2)N(CC2=C(C=CC=C2)C#N)C1=O	DB06203
Saxagliptin	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	315.41	C18H25N3O2	NA	NA	N[C@H](C(=O)N1[C@H]2C[C@H]2C[C@H]1C#N)C12CC3CC(CC(O)(C3)C1)C2	DB06335
Linagliptin	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	472.5422	C25H28N8O2	NA	NA	CC#CCN1C(=NC2=C1C(=O)N(CC1=NC3=C(C=CC=C3)C(C)=N1)C(=O)N2C)N1CCC[C@@H](N)C1	DB08882
1-hydroxypyridine-2-thione zinc	A competitive SARSCoV 3CLpro inhibitor with Ki of 0.17 μM	192.5 g/mol	C5H5NOSZn	NA	NA	C1=CC(=S)N(C=C1)O.[Zn]	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
Abacavir	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (accession YP_009725307.1)	286.33 g/mol	C14H18N6O	131.51	NA	C1CC1NC2=C3C(=NC(=N2)N)N(C=N3)C4CC(C=C4)CO	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Abacavir	EndoRNAse (accession YP_009725310.1)	286.33 g/mol	C14H18N6O	619.79	NA	C1CC1NC2=C3C(=NC(=N2)N)N(C=N3)C4CC(C=C4)CO	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Acyclovir	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (accession YP_009725307.1)	225.2 g/mol	C8H11N5O3	26.66	NA	C1=NC2=C(N1COCCO)N=C(NC2=O)N	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Acyclovir	Helicase (accession YP_009725308.1)	225.2 g/mol	C8H11N5O3	661.76	NA	C1=NC2=C(N1COCCO)N=C(NC2=O)N	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Anilide 2a, derivative of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline, Lphenylalanine and 4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid	This is a potent competitive inhibitor of SARS-CoV 3CLpro	466.9 g/mol	C24H23ClN4O4	NA	0.06	CN(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)NC(CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)NC3=C(C=C(C=C3)[N+](=O)[O-])Cl	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
Asunaprevir	3C-like proteinase (accession YP_009725301.1)	748.3 g/mol	C35H46ClN5O9S	581.77	NA	CC(C)(C)C(C(=O)N1CC(CC1C(=O)NC2(CC2C=C)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C3CC3)OC4=NC=C(C5=C4C=C(C=C5)Cl)OC)NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Asunaprevir	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (accession YP_009725307.1)	748.3 g/mol	C35H46ClN5O9S	78.36	NA	CC(C)(C)C(C(=O)N1CC(CC1C(=O)NC2(CC2C=C)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C3CC3)OC4=NC=C(C5=C4C=C(C=C5)Cl)OC)NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Asunaprevir	Helicase (accession YP_009725308.1)	748.3 g/mol	C35H46ClN5O9S	28.2	NA	CC(C)(C)C(C(=O)N1CC(CC1C(=O)NC2(CC2C=C)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C3CC3)OC4=NC=C(C5=C4C=C(C=C5)Cl)OC)NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Asunaprevir	3’-to-5’ exonuclease (accession YP_009725309.1)	748.3 g/mol	C35H46ClN5O9S	117.26	NA	CC(C)(C)C(C(=O)N1CC(CC1C(=O)NC2(CC2C=C)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C3CC3)OC4=NC=C(C5=C4C=C(C=C5)Cl)OC)NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Atazanavir	3C-like proteinase (accession YP_009725301.1)	704.9 g/mol	C38H52N6O7	94.94	NA	CC(C)(C)C(C(=O)NC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(CN(CC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC=CC=N3)NC(=O)C(C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)OC)O)NC(=O)OC	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Atazanavir	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (accession YP_009725307.1)	704.9 g/mol	C38H52N6O7	21.83	NA	CC(C)(C)C(C(=O)NC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(CN(CC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC=CC=N3)NC(=O)C(C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)OC)O)NC(=O)OC	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Atazanavir	helicase (accession YP_009725308.1)	704.9 g/mol	C38H52N6O7	25.92	NA	CC(C)(C)C(C(=O)NC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(CN(CC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC=CC=N3)NC(=O)C(C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)OC)O)NC(=O)OC	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Atazanavir	3’-to-5’ exonuclease (accession YP_009725309.1)	704.9 g/mol	C38H52N6O7	82.36	NA	CC(C)(C)C(C(=O)NC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(CN(CC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC=CC=N3)NC(=O)C(C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)OC)O)NC(=O)OC	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Atazanavir	EndoRNAse (accession YP_009725310.1)	704.9 g/mol	C38H52N6O7	50.32	NA	CC(C)(C)C(C(=O)NC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(CN(CC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC=CC=N3)NC(=O)C(C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)OC)O)NC(=O)OC	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Atazanavir	2’-O-ribose methyltransferase (accession YP_009725311.1)	704.9 g/mol	C38H52N6O7	390.67	NA	CC(C)(C)C(C(=O)NC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(CN(CC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC=CC=N3)NC(=O)C(C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)OC)O)NC(=O)OC	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Beta-D-N4 -hydroxycytidine	This nucleoside analog has selective activity against SARS-CoV	NA	NA	NA	4	NA	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
Bifunctional aryl boronic acid compound FL-166	Inhibits 3CLpro by reversible binding to a subsite	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
Boceprevir	Helicase (accession YP_009725308.1)	519.7 g/mol	C27H45N5O5	510.35	NA	CC1(C2C1C(N(C2)C(=O)C(C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)NC(C)(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC3CCC3)C(=O)C(=O)N)C	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Boceprevir	endoRNAse (accession YP_009725310.1)	519.7 g/mol	C27H45N5O5	891.62	NA	CC1(C2C1C(N(C2)C(=O)C(C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)NC(C)(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC3CCC3)C(=O)C(=O)N)C	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Boceprevir	2’-O-ribose methyltransferase (accession YP_009725311.1)	519.7 g/mol	C27H45N5O5	433.93	NA	CC1(C2C1C(N(C2)C(=O)C(C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)NC(C)(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC3CCC3)C(=O)C(=O)N)C	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Chloroquine	Against SARS-CoV	319.9 g/mol	C18H26ClN3	NA	NA	CCN(CC)CCCC(C)NC1=C2C=CC(=CC2=NC=C1)Cl	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
Cinanserin [2-(3-dimethylaminopropylthio) cinnamanilide]	This serotonin antagonist inhibits SAS-CoV and HCoV229E 3CLpro	340.5 g/mol	C20H24N2OS	NA	19-34	CN(C)CCCSC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
Compound 4	This halomethyl ketone non-competitive SARS-CoV 3CLpro inhibitor has Ki of 15 μM	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
CS11	Inhibites the Toronto2 strain SARS-CoV 3CLpro	NA	NA	NA	23	NA	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
Daclatasvir	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (accession YP_009725307.1)	738.9 g/mol	C40H50N8O6	23.31	NA	CC(C)C(C(=O)N1CCCC1C2=NC=C(N2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C5=CN=C(N5)C6CCCN6C(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)OC)NC(=O)OC	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Daclatasvir	3’-to-5’ exonuclease (accession YP_009725309.1)	738.9 g/mol	C40H50N8O6	110.47	NA	CC(C)C(C(=O)N1CCCC1C2=NC=C(N2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C5=CN=C(N5)C6CCCN6C(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)OC)NC(=O)OC	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Danoprevir	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (accession YP_009725307.1)	731.8 g/mol	C35H46FN5O9S	405.66	NA	CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NC1CCCCCC=CC2CC2(NC(=O)C3CC(CN3C1=O)OC(=O)N4CC5=C(C4)C(=CC=C5)F)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C6CC6	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Danoprevir	3’-to-5’ exonuclease (accession YP_009725309.1)	731.8 g/mol	C35H46FN5O9S	49.26	NA	CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NC1CCCCCC=CC2CC2(NC(=O)C3CC(CN3C1=O)OC(=O)N4CC5=C(C4)C(=CC=C5)F)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C6CC6	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Danoprevir	EndoRNAse (accession YP_009725310.1)	731.8 g/mol	C35H46FN5O9S	235.15	NA	CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NC1CCCCCC=CC2CC2(NC(=O)C3CC(CN3C1=O)OC(=O)N4CC5=C(C4)C(=CC=C5)F)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C6CC6	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Darunavir	Helicase (accession YP_009725308.1)	547.7 g/mol	C27H37N3O7S	90.38	NA	CC(C)CN(CC(C(CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)OC2COC3C2CCO3)O)S(=O)(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)N	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Darunavir	3’-to-5’ exonuclease (accession YP_009725309.1)	547.7 g/mol	C27H37N3O7S	195.73	NA	CC(C)CN(CC(C(CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)OC2COC3C2CCO3)O)S(=O)(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)N	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Darunavir	EndoRNAse (accession YP_009725310.1).	547.7 g/mol	C27H37N3O7S	562.4	NA	CC(C)CN(CC(C(CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)OC2COC3C2CCO3)O)S(=O)(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)N	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Dolutegravir	3C-like proteinase (accession YP_009725301.1)	419.4 g/mol	C20H19F2N3O5	336.91	NA	CC1CCOC2N1C(=O)C3=C(C(=O)C(=CN3C2)C(=O)NCC4=C(C=C(C=C4)F)F)O	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Dolutegravir	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (accession YP_009725307.1)	419.4 g/mol		150.15	NA	CC1CCOC2N1C(=O)C3=C(C(=O)C(=CN3C2)C(=O)NCC4=C(C=C(C=C4)F)F)O	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Dolutegravir	Helicase (accession YP_009725308.1)	419.4 g/mol	C20H19F2N3O5	333.32	NA	CC1CCOC2N1C(=O)C3=C(C(=O)C(=CN3C2)C(=O)NCC4=C(C=C(C=C4)F)F)O	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Dolutegravir	3’-to-5’ exonuclease (accession YP_009725309.1)	419.4 g/mol	C20H19F2N3O5	326.89	NA	CC1CCOC2N1C(=O)C3=C(C(=O)C(=CN3C2)C(=O)NCC4=C(C=C(C=C4)F)F)O	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Dolutegravir	EndoRNAse (accession YP_009725310.1)	419.4 g/mol	C20H19F2N3O5	349.63	NA	CC1CCOC2N1C(=O)C3=C(C(=O)C(=CN3C2)C(=O)NCC4=C(C=C(C=C4)F)F)O	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Efavirenz	3C-like proteinase (accession YP_009725301.1)	315.67 g/mol	C14H9ClF3NO2	199.17	NA	C1CC1C#CC2(C3=C(C=CC(=C3)Cl)NC(=O)O2)C(F)(F)F	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Efavirenz	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (accession YP_009725307.1)	315.67 g/mol	C14H9ClF3NO2	76.7	NA	C1CC1C#CC2(C3=C(C=CC(=C3)Cl)NC(=O)O2)C(F)(F)F	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Efavirenz	Helicase (accession YP_009725308.1)	315.67 g/mol	C14H9ClF3NO2	412.86	NA	C1CC1C#CC2(C3=C(C=CC(=C3)Cl)NC(=O)O2)C(F)(F)F	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Efavirenz	3’-to-5’ exonuclease (accession YP_009725309.1)	315.67 g/mol	C14H9ClF3NO2	39.55	NA	C1CC1C#CC2(C3=C(C=CC(=C3)Cl)NC(=O)O2)C(F)(F)F	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Efavirenz	EndoRNAse (accession YP_009725310.1)	315.67 g/mol	C14H9ClF3NO2	34.19	NA	C1CC1C#CC2(C3=C(C=CC(=C3)Cl)NC(=O)O2)C(F)(F)F	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Efavirenz	2’-O-ribose methyltransferase (accession YP_009725311.1)	315.67 g/mol	C14H9ClF3NO2	423	NA	C1CC1C#CC2(C3=C(C=CC(=C3)Cl)NC(=O)O2)C(F)(F)F	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Emodin	Significantly blocks S from binding ACE2	270.24 g/mol	C15H10O5	NA	NA	CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=C(C=C3O)O	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
Entecavir	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (accession YP_009725307.1)	277.28 g/mol	C12H15N5O3	52.83	NA	C=C1C(CC(C1CO)O)N2C=NC3=C2N=C(NC3=O)N	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Entecavir	Helicase (accession YP_009725308.1)	277.28 g/mol	C12H15N5O3	452.78	NA	C=C1C(CC(C1CO)O)N2C=NC3=C2N=C(NC3=O)N	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Entecavir	3’-to-5’ exonuclease (accession YP_009725309.1)	277.28 g/mol	C12H15N5O3	82.78	NA	C=C1C(CC(C1CO)O)N2C=NC3=C2N=C(NC3=O)N	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Etravirine	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (accession YP_009725307.1)	435.3 g/mol	C20H15BrN6O	33.09	NA	CC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC2=NC(=NC(=C2Br)N)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)C#N)C)C#N	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Etravirine	Helicase (accession YP_009725308.1)	435.3 g/mol	C20H15BrN6O	175.5	NA	CC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC2=NC(=NC(=C2Br)N)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)C#N)C)C#N	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Ferroquine	NA	433.8 g/mol	C23H24ClFeN3	NA	NA	CN(C)CC1=C(C=[C-]C1)CNC2=C3C=CC(=CC3=NC=C2)Cl.C1C=CC=[C-]1.[Fe+2]	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
Ganciclovir	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (accession YP_009725307.1)	255.23 g/mol	C9H13N5O4C9H13N5O4	11.91	NA	C1=NC2=C(N1COC(CO)CO)N=C(NC2=O)N	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Ganciclovir	Helicase (accession YP_009725308.1)	255.23 g/mol	C9H13N5O4C9H13N5O4	108.21	NA	C1=NC2=C(N1COC(CO)CO)N=C(NC2=O)N	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Ganciclovir	3’-to-5’ exonuclease (accession YP_009725309.1)	255.23 g/mol	C9H13N5O4C9H13N5O4	56.29	NA	C1=NC2=C(N1COC(CO)CO)N=C(NC2=O)N	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Grazoprevir	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (accession YP_009725307.1)	766.9 g/mol	C38H50N6O9S	8.69	NA	CC(C)(C)C1C(=O)N2CC(CC2C(=O)NC3(CC3C=C)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C4CC4)OC5=NC6=C(C=CC(=C6)OC)N=C5CCCCCC7CC7OC(=O)N1	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Grazoprevir	Helicase (accession YP_009725308.1)	766.9 g/mol	C38H50N6O9S	26.28	NA	CC(C)(C)C1C(=O)N2CC(CC2C(=O)NC3(CC3C=C)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C4CC4)OC5=NC6=C(C=CC(=C6)OC)N=C5CCCCCC7CC7OC(=O)N1	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Grazoprevir	3’-to-5’ exonuclease (accession YP_009725309.1)	766.9 g/mol	C38H50N6O9S	111.9	NA	CC(C)(C)C1C(=O)N2CC(CC2C(=O)NC3(CC3C=C)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C4CC4)OC5=NC6=C(C=CC(=C6)OC)N=C5CCCCCC7CC7OC(=O)N1	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Grazoprevir	EndoRNAse (accession YP_009725310.1)	766.9 g/mol	C38H50N6O9S	277.87	NA	CC(C)(C)C1C(=O)N2CC(CC2C(=O)NC3(CC3C=C)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C4CC4)OC5=NC6=C(C=CC(=C6)OC)N=C5CCCCCC7CC7OC(=O)N1	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
H16	Another new derivative of N3 with longer side chain at P3, and having more potent inhibition of SARS-CoV 3CLpro	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
HE602	Identified by a “chemical genetics” approach, this compound inhibited SARS-CoV plaque formation in Vero cells	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
Hexachlorophene	Cholinesterase inhibitor against recombinant SARS-CoV 3CLpro	406.9 g/mol	C13H6Cl6O2	NA	5	C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1Cl)Cl)CC2=C(C(=CC(=C2Cl)Cl)Cl)O)O)Cl	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
Hydroxychloroquine	Against SARS-CoV	335.9 g/mol	C18H26ClN3O	NA	NA	CCN(CCCC(C)NC1=C2C=CC(=CC2=NC=C1)Cl)CCO	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
Indinavir	Helicase (accession YP_009725308.1)	613.8 g/mol	C36H47N5O4	365.96	NA	CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C1CN(CCN1CC(CC(CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)NC3C(CC4=CC=CC=C34)O)O)CC5=CN=CC=C5	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Keto-glutamine analogue (8c)	Against SARS-CoV	NA	NA	NA	0.6	NA	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
Lamivudine	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (accession YP_009725307.1)	229.26 g/mol	C8H11N3O3S	999.92	NA	C1C(OC(S1)CO)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Lomibuvir	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (accession YP_009725307.1)	445.6 g/mol	C25H35NO4S	280.96	NA	CC1CCC(CC1)C(=O)N(C2CCC(CC2)O)C3=C(SC(=C3)C#CC(C)(C)C)C(=O)O	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Lomibuvir	helicase (accession YP_009725308.1)	445.6 g/mol	C25H35NO4S	543.41	NA	CC1CCC(CC1)C(=O)N(C2CCC(CC2)O)C3=C(SC(=C3)C#CC(C)(C)C)C(=O)O	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Lomibuvir	3’-to-5’ exonuclease (accession YP_009725309.1)	445.6 g/mol	C25H35NO4S	182.65	NA	CC1CCC(CC1)C(=O)N(C2CCC(CC2)O)C3=C(SC(=C3)C#CC(C)(C)C)C(=O)O	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Lomibuvir	EndoRNAse (accession YP_009725310.1)	445.6 g/mol	C25H35NO4S	398.81	NA	CC1CCC(CC1)C(=O)N(C2CCC(CC2)O)C3=C(SC(=C3)C#CC(C)(C)C)C(=O)O	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Lopinavir	Helicase (accession YP_009725308.1)	628.8 g/mol	C37H48N4O5	78.49	NA	CC1=C(C(=CC=C1)C)OCC(=O)NC(CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(CC(CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)N4CCCNC4=O)O	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Lopinavir	3’-to-5’ exonuclease (accession YP_009725309.1)	628.8 g/mol	C37H48N4O5	959.76	NA	CC1=C(C(=CC=C1)C)OCC(=O)NC(CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(CC(CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)N4CCCNC4=O)O	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Lopinavir	EndoRNAse (accession YP_009725310.1)	628.8 g/mol	C37H48N4O5	472.08	NA	CC1=C(C(=CC=C1)C)OCC(=O)NC(CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(CC(CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)N4CCCNC4=O)O	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Luteolin	S2 domain of SARS-CoV S protein	286.24 g/mol	C15H10O6	NA	10.6	C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
MAC-13985	SARS-CoV 3CLpro competitive inhibitor	NA	NA	NA	7	NA	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
MAC-8120	SARS-CoV 3CLpro competitive inhibitor	NA	NA	NA	4.3	NA	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
MP576	Reversible SARS-CoV 3CLpro inhibitor	NA	NA	NA	2.5	NA	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
N-ethyl-N-phenyldithiocarbamic acid Zn	This zinc conjugate inhibits the SARS-CoV accessory protease PLpro	NA	NA	NA	3.3	NA	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
N27	A new inhibitor derived from N3, with longer side chain at P3. It has improved inhibitor potency against SARS-CoV 3CLpro	427.6 g/mol	C30H37NO	NA	NA	CCCCCCC1=C(C2(CCC(C2C1)NC(=O)C)C(=C)C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
N3	This non-competitive inhibitor is active against all CoV 3Clpro tested	426.5 g/mol	C27H26N2O3	NA	NA	C1=CC=C(C=C1)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)OCC(COC3=CC=C(C=C3)NC4=CC=CC=C4)O	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
Nelfinavir	EndoRNAse (accession YP_009725310.1)	567.8 g/mol	C32H45N3O4S	576.82	NA	CC1=C(C=CC=C1O)C(=O)NC(CSC2=CC=CC=C2)C(CN3CC4CCCCC4CC3C(=O)NC(C)(C)C)O	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Penciclovir	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (accession YP_009725307.1)	253.26 g/mol	C10H15N5O3	312.93	NA	C1=NC2=C(N1CCC(CO)CO)N=C(NC2=O)N	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Penciclovir	helicase (accession YP_009725308.1)	253.26 g/mol	C10H15N5O3	129.41	NA	C1=NC2=C(N1CCC(CO)CO)N=C(NC2=O)N	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Penciclovir	3’-to-5’ exonuclease (accession YP_009725309.1)	253.26 g/mol	C10H15N5O3	71.76	NA	C1=NC2=C(N1CCC(CO)CO)N=C(NC2=O)N	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Raltegravir	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (accession YP_009725307.1)	444.4 g/mol	C20H21FN6O5	832.25	NA	CC1=NN=C(O1)C(=O)NC(C)(C)C2=NC(=C(C(=O)N2C)O)C(=O)NCC3=CC=C(C=C3)F	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Raltegravir	helicase (accession YP_009725308.1)	444.4 g/mol	C20H21FN6O5	299.81	NA	CC1=NN=C(O1)C(=O)NC(C)(C)C2=NC(=C(C(=O)N2C)O)C(=O)NCC3=CC=C(C=C3)F	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Raltegravir	3’-to-5’ exonuclease (accession YP_009725309.1)	444.4 g/mol	C20H21FN6O5	306.99	NA	CC1=NN=C(O1)C(=O)NC(C)(C)C2=NC(=C(C(=O)N2C)O)C(=O)NCC3=CC=C(C=C3)F	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Raltegravir	endoRNAse (accession YP_009725310.1)	444.4 g/mol	C20H21FN6O5	727.37	NA	CC1=NN=C(O1)C(=O)NC(C)(C)C2=NC(=C(C(=O)N2C)O)C(=O)NCC3=CC=C(C=C3)F	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Ribavirin	Ribavirin has low selectivity index against SARS-CoV	244.2 g/mol	C8H12N4O5	NA	NA	C1=NC(=NN1C2C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)C(=O)N	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
Ritonavir	3C-like proteinase (accession YP_009725301.1)	720.9 g/mol	C37H48N6O5S2	204.05	NA	CC(C)C1=NC(=CS1)CN(C)C(=O)NC(C(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC2=CC=CC=C2)CC(C(CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)OCC4=CN=CS4)O	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Ritonavir	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (accession YP_009725307.1)	720.9 g/mol	C37H48N6O5S2	624.3	NA	CC(C)C1=NC(=CS1)CN(C)C(=O)NC(C(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC2=CC=CC=C2)CC(C(CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)OCC4=CN=CS4)O	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Ritonavir	Helicase (accession YP_009725308.1)	720.9 g/mol	C37H48N6O5S2	41.6	NA	CC(C)C1=NC(=CS1)CN(C)C(=O)NC(C(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC2=CC=CC=C2)CC(C(CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)OCC4=CN=CS4)O	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Ritonavir	3’-to-5’ exonuclease (accession YP_009725309.1)	720.9 g/mol	C37H48N6O5S2	182.51	NA	CC(C)C1=NC(=CS1)CN(C)C(=O)NC(C(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC2=CC=CC=C2)CC(C(CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)OCC4=CN=CS4)O	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Ritonavir	EndoRNAse (accession YP_009725310.1)	720.9 g/mol	C37H48N6O5S2	124.36	NA	CC(C)C1=NC(=CS1)CN(C)C(=O)NC(C(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC2=CC=CC=C2)CC(C(CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)OCC4=CN=CS4)O	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Ritonavir (isomeric)	3C-like proteinase (accession YP_009725301.1)	720.9 g/mol	C37H48N6O5S2	609.02	NA	CC(C)C1=NC(=CS1)CN(C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C[C@@H]([C@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)OCC4=CN=CS4)O	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Ritonavir (isomeric)	Helicase (accession YP_009725308.1)	720.9 g/mol	C37H48N6O5S2	462.2	NA	CC(C)C1=NC(=CS1)CN(C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C[C@@H]([C@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)OCC4=CN=CS4)O	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Saquinavir	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (accession YP_009725307.1)	670.8 g/mol	C38H50N6O5	704.86	NA	CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C1CC2CCCCC2CN1CC(C(CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C4=NC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4)O	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Simeprevir	3C-like proteinase (accession YP_009725301.1)	749.9 g/mol	C38H47N5O7S2	826.24	NA	CC1=C(C=CC2=C1N=C(C=C2OC3CC4C(C3)C(=O)N(CCCCC=CC5CC5(NC4=O)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C6CC6)C)C7=NC(=CS7)C(C)C)OC	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Simeprevir	Helicase (accession YP_009725308.1)	749.9 g/mol	C38H47N5O7S2	23.34	NA	CC1=C(C=CC2=C1N=C(C=C2OC3CC4C(C3)C(=O)N(CCCCC=CC5CC5(NC4=O)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C6CC6)C)C7=NC(=CS7)C(C)C)OC	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Simeprevir	3’-to-5’ exonuclease (accession YP_009725309.1)	749.9 g/mol	C38H47N5O7S2	13.4	NA	CC1=C(C=CC2=C1N=C(C=C2OC3CC4C(C3)C(=O)N(CCCCC=CC5CC5(NC4=O)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C6CC6)C)C7=NC(=CS7)C(C)C)OC	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Telaprevir	Helicase (accession YP_009725308.1)	679.8 g/mol	C36H53N7O6	40.75	NA	CCCC(C(=O)C(=O)NC1CC1)NC(=O)C2C3CCCC3CN2C(=O)C(C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)C(C4CCCCC4)NC(=O)C5=NC=CN=C5	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Telaprevir	EndoRNAse (accession YP_009725310.1)	679.8 g/mol	C36H53N7O6	618.11	NA	CCCC(C(=O)C(=O)NC1CC1)NC(=O)C2C3CCCC3CN2C(=O)C(C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)C(C4CCCCC4)NC(=O)C5=NC=CN=C5	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
Tetra-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (TGG)	S2 domain of SARS-CoV S protein	788.6 g/mol	C34H28O22	NA	4.5	C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O)O	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
Triflurdine	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (accession YP_009725307.1)	296.2 g/mol	C10H11F3N2O5	315.79	NA	C1C(C(OC1N2C=C(C(=O)NC2=O)C(F)(F)F)CO)O	doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929547
VE607	Blockes SARS-CoV S protein pseudotyped HIV-1 virus from entry of 293T cells expressing ACE2	NA	NA	NA	3	NA	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
WRR 183	An ,alpha-beta-epoxyketone, with non-competitive inhibition of SARS-CoV 3CLpro	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	doi:10.2174/187152609787847659
SPP1148	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	DB05203
Ezetimibe	Aminopeptidase N	409.4252	C24H21F2NO3	NA	NA	O[C@@H](CC[C@@H]1[C@H](N(C1=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1	DB00973
Icatibant	Aminopeptidase N	1304.54	C59H89N19O13S	NA	NA	[H][C@]12C[C@]([H])(N(C(=O)[C@@]3([H])CC4=C(CN3C(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC3=CC=CS3)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@]3([H])C[C@@H](O)CN3C(=O)[C@@H]3CCCN3C(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](N)CCCNC(N)=N)C=CC=C4)[C@@]1([H])CCCC2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O	DB06196
Human calcitonin	Aminopeptidase N	3417.9 Da	C151H226N40O45S3	NA	NA	NA	DB06773
4-(Dimethylamino)benzoic acid	Orf1a polyprotein SARS CoV	165.1891	C9H11NO2	NA	NA	CN(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(O)=O	DB08748
benzyl (2-oxopropyl)carbamate	Replicase polyprotein 1ab SARS CoV	207.2258	C11H13NO3	NA	NA	CC(=O)CNC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1	DB07293
2-[(2,4-DICHLORO-5-METHYLPHENYL)SULFONYL]-1,3-DINITRO-5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZENE	Replicase polyprotein 1ab SARS CoV	459.181	C14H7Cl2F3N2O6S	NA	NA	CC1=CC(=C(Cl)C=C1Cl)S(=O)(=O)C1=C(C=C(C=C1[N+]([O-])=O)C(F)(F)F)[N+]([O-])=O	DB07620
S-[5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)-4H-1,2,4-TRIAZOL-3-YL] 5-(PHENYLETHYNYL)FURAN-2-CARBOTHIOATE	Replicase polyprotein 1ab SARS CoV	363.314	C16H8F3N3O2S	NA	NA	FC(F)(F)C1=NN=C(N1)SC(=O)C1=CC=C(O1)C#CC1=CC=CC=C1	DB07743
5-amino-2-methyl-N-[(1R)-1-naphthalen-1-ylethyl]benzamide	Replicase polyprotein 1ab SARS CoV	304.3856	C20H20N2O	NA	NA	[H][C@](C)(NC(=O)C1=C(C)C=CC(N)=C1)C1=CC=CC2=C1C=CC=C2	DB08656
NALPHA-[(BENZYLOXY)CARBONYL]-N-[(1R)-4-HYDROXY-1-METHYL-2-OXOBUTYL]-L-PHENYLALANINAMIDE	Replicase polyprotein 1ab SARS CoV	398.4522	C22H26N2O5	NA	NA	[H][C@](C)(NC(=O)[C@]([H])(CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)CCO	DB08732
4-(Dimethylamino)benzoic acid	Replicase polyprotein 1ab SARS CoV	165.1891	C9H11NO2	NA	NA	CN(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(O)=O	DB08748
2-[(2,4-DICHLORO-5-METHYLPHENYL)SULFONYL]-1,3-DINITRO-5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZENE	Replicase polyprotein 1a	459.181	C14H7Cl2F3N2O6S	NA	NA	CC1=CC(=C(Cl)C=C1Cl)S(=O)(=O)C1=C(C=C(C=C1[N+]([O-])=O)C(F)(F)F)[N+]([O-])=O	DB07620
S-[5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)-4H-1,2,4-TRIAZOL-3-YL] 5-(PHENYLETHYNYL)FURAN-2-CARBOTHIOATE	Replicase polyprotein 1a	363.314	C16H8F3N3O2S	NA	NA	FC(F)(F)C1=NN=C(N1)SC(=O)C1=CC=C(O1)C#CC1=CC=CC=C1	DB07743
NALPHA-[(BENZYLOXY)CARBONYL]-N-[(1R)-4-HYDROXY-1-METHYL-2-OXOBUTYL]-L-PHENYLALANINAMIDE	Replicase polyprotein 1a	398.4522	C22H26N2O5	NA	NA	[H][C@](C)(NC(=O)[C@]([H])(CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)CCO	DB08732
Perindopril	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	368.4678	C19H32N2O5	NA	NA	[H][C@]12C[C@H](N(C(=O)[C@H](C)N[C@@H](CCC)C(=O)OCC)[C@@]1([H])CCCC2)C(O)=O	DB00790
Rescinnamine	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	634.716	C35H42N2O9	NA	NA	[H][C@]12C[C@@H](OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C3)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](C(=O)OC)[C@@]1([H])C[C@@]1([H])N(CCC3=C1NC1=C3C=CC(OC)=C1)C2	DB01180
Fosinopril	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	563.672	C30H46NO7P	NA	NA	CCC(=O)O[C@@H](O[P@](=O)(CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1)CC(=O)N1C[C@@H](C[C@H]1C(O)=O)C1CCCCC1)C(C)C	DB00492
Benazepril	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	424.4895	C24H28N2O5	NA	NA	[H][C@@]1(CCC2=CC=CC=C2N(CC(O)=O)C1=O)N[C@@H](CCC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)OCC	DB00542
Captopril	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	217.285	C9H15NO3S	NA	NA	C[C@H](CS)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(O)=O	DB01197
Enalapril	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	376.4467	C20H28N2O5	NA	NA	CCOC(=O)[C@H](CCC1=CC=CC=C1)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(O)=O	DB00584
Lisinopril	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	405.4879	C21H31N3O5	NA	NA	NCCCC[C@H](N[C@@H](CCC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(O)=O	DB00722
Quinapril	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	438.5161	C25H30N2O5	NA	NA	CCOC(=O)[C@H](CCC1=CC=CC=C1)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1CC2=CC=CC=C2C[C@H]1C(O)=O	DB00881
Ramipril	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	416.5106	C23H32N2O5	NA	NA	[H][C@@]12CCC[C@]1([H])N([C@@H](C2)C(O)=O)C(=O)[C@H](C)N[C@@H](CCC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)OCC	DB00178
Trandolapril	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	430.5372	C24H34N2O5	NA	NA	[H][C@@]12C[C@H](N(C(=O)[C@H](C)N[C@@H](CCC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)OCC)[C@@]1([H])CCCC2)C(O)=O	DB00519
Spirapril	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	466.614	C22H30N2O5S2	NA	NA	CCOC(=O)[C@H](CCC1=CC=CC=C1)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1CC2(C[C@H]1C(O)=O)SCCS2	DB01348
Cilazapril	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	417.4986	C22H31N3O5	NA	NA	CCOC(=O)[C@H](CCC1=CC=CC=C1)N[C@H]1CCCN2CCC[C@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O	DB01340
Enalaprilat	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	348.3936	C18H24N2O5	NA	NA	[H][C@@](C)(N[C@@]([H])(CCC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@@]1([H])C(O)=O	DB09477
Zofenopril	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	429.55	C22H23NO4S2	NA	NA	C[C@H](CSC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N1C[C@H](C[C@H]1C(O)=O)SC1=CC=CC=C1	DB13166
Cilazaprilat	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	389.4455	C20H27N3O5	NA	NA	OC(=O)[C@H](CCC1=CC=CC=C1)N[C@H]1CCCN2CCC[C@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O	DB15565
Ezetimibe	Aminopeptidase N	409.4252	C24H21F2NO3	NA	NA	O[C@@H](CC[C@@H]1[C@H](N(C1=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1	DB00973
Icatibant	Aminopeptidase N	1304.54	C59H89N19O13S	NA	NA	[H][C@]12C[C@]([H])(N(C(=O)[C@@]3([H])CC4=C(CN3C(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC3=CC=CS3)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@]3([H])C[C@@H](O)CN3C(=O)[C@@H]3CCCN3C(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](N)CCCNC(N)=N)C=CC=C4)[C@@]1([H])CCCC2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O	DB06196
Glutamic acid	Glutamyl aminopeptidase	147.1293	C5H9NO4	NA	NA	N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O	DB00142
Tosedostat	Puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase	406.479	C21H30N2O6	NA	NA	CC(C)C[C@H]([C@H](O)C(=O)NO)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)OC1CCCC1)C1=CC=CC=C1	DB11781
Artenimol	Puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase	284.352	C15H24O5	NA	NA	[H][C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]2([H])[C@@]([H])(C)C([H])(O)O[C@]3([H])O[C@@]4(C)CC[C@]1([H])[C@@]23OO4	DB11638
Imidazole	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	68.0773	C3H4N2	NA	NA	N1C=CN=C1	DB03366
Ubenimex	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	308.3728	C16H24N2O4	NA	NA	CC(C)C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O	DB03424
DG051	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	DB05177
Tosedostat	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	406.479	C21H30N2O6	NA	NA	CC(C)C[C@H]([C@H](O)C(=O)NO)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)OC1CCCC1)C1=CC=CC=C1	DB11781
5-[2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)ethoxy]-1H-indole	226.2738	C14H14N2O	C3H4N2	NA	NA	C(CN1C=CC=C1)OC1=CC2=C(NC=C2)C=C1	DB06828
N-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)aniline	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	184.2371	C12H12N2	NA	NA	C(NC1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CN=C1	DB06851
(4-fluorophenyl)(pyridin-4-yl)methanone	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	201.1964	C12H8FNO	NA	NA	FC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1	DB06917
3-(Benzyloxy)Pyridin-2-Amine	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	200.2365	C12H12N2O	NA	NA	NC1=NC=CC=C1OCC1=CC=CC=C1	DB02352
1-(2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl)methanamine	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	195.304	C9H9NS2	NA	NA	NCC1=CC=C(S1)C1=CC=CS1	DB07094
N-[4-(benzyloxy)phenyl]glycinamide	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	256.2997	C15H16N2O2	NA	NA	NCC(=O)NC1=CC=C(OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=C1	DB07099
(2S)-2-amino-5-oxo-5-[(4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)amino]pentanoic acid	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	328.3624	C18H20N2O4	NA	NA	[H][C@](N)(CCC(=O)NC1=CC=C(OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=C1)C(O)=O	DB07102
4-amino-N-[4-(benzyloxy)phenyl]butanamide	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	284.3529	C17H20N2O2	NA	NA	NCCCC(=O)NC1=CC=C(OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=C1	DB07104
N-methyl-1-(2-thiophen-2-ylphenyl)methanamine	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	203.303	C12H13NS	NA	NA	CNCC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CS1	DB07196
{4-[(2R)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethoxy]phenyl}(4-thiophen-3-ylphenyl)methanone	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	363.473	C22H21NO2S	NA	NA	[H][C@]1(COC2=CC=C(C=C2)C(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C2=CSC=C2)CCCN1	DB07237
(R)-pyridin-4-yl[4-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl]methanol	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	298.3795	C18H22N2O2	NA	NA	[H][C@](O)(C1=CC=NC=C1)C1=CC=C(OCCN2CCCC2)C=C1	DB07258
1-(4-thiophen-2-ylphenyl)methanamine	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	189.277	C11H11NS	NA	NA	NCC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=CC=CS1	DB07259
N-benzyl-4-[(2R)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethoxy]aniline	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	282.3801	C18H22N2O	NA	NA	[H][C@]1(COC2=CC=C(NCC3=CC=CC=C3)C=C2)CCCN1	DB07260
4-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenol	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	192.238	C9H8N2OS	NA	NA	NC1=NC(=CS1)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1	DB07292
N-[3-[(1-Aminoethyl)(Hydroxy)Phosphoryl]-2-(1,1'-Biphenyl-4-Ylmethyl)Propanoyl]Alanine	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	418.4232	C21H27N2O5P	NA	NA	[H][C@@](C)(N)[P@](O)(=O)C[C@@]([H])(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(O)=O	DB02062
Kelatorphan	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	294.3031	C14H18N2O5	NA	NA	C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(=O)NO)CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O	DB08040
5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	230.2592	C14H14O3	NA	NA	OC1=CC=C(CCC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2)C=C1	DB08466
Captopril	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	217.285	C9H15NO3S	NA	NA	C[C@H](CS)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(O)=O	DB01197
N-{(2S)-3-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl](hydroxy)phosphoryl-2-benzylpropanoyl}-L-phenylalanine	Aminopeptidase N	418.4232	C21H27N2O5P	NA	NA	[H][C@@](C)(N)[P@@](O)(=O)C[C@@]([H])(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O	DB08506
Alogliptin	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	339.3916	C18H21N5O2	NA	NA	CN1C(=O)C=C(N2CCC[C@@H](N)C2)N(CC2=C(C=CC=C2)C#N)C1=O	DB06203
Gosogliptin	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	366.4089	C17H24F2N6O	NA	NA	[H][C@]1(CN[C@@]([H])(C1)C(=O)N1CCC(F)(F)C1)N1CCN(CC1)C1=NC=CC=N1	DB08382
Technetium Tc-99m arcitumomab	Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1	144482.5 Da	C6398H9900N1714O1995S54	NA	NA	NA	DB00113
Labetuzumab	Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	DB05097
S-[(1-Hydroxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)methyl] methanesulfonothioate	Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1	265.393	C10H19NO3S2	NA	NA	CC1(C)C=C(CSS(C)(=O)=O)C(C)(C)N1O	DB08217
Alitretinoin	Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 5	300.4351	C20H28O2	NA	NA	C\C(\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C(O)=O	DB00523
Epratuzumab	B-cell receptor CD22	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	DB04958
Inotuzumab ozogamicin	B-cell receptor CD22	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	DB05889
Moxetumomab Pasudotox	B-cell receptor CD22	63500.0 Da	C2804H4339N783O870S14	NA	NA	NA	DB12688
Palifermin	Basement membrane-specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein	16192.7 Da	C721H1142N202O204S9	NA	NA	NA	DB00039
N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminic acid	Sialoadhesin	309.2699	C11H19NO9	NA	NA	[H][C@]1(O[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]1NC(C)=O)C(O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO	DB03721
Beta-D-Glucose	Sialoadhesin	180.1559	C6H12O6	NA	NA	OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O	DB02379
Pyridoxal phosphate	Immunoglobulin superfamily member 10	247.1419	C8H10NO6P	NA	NA	CC1=NC=C(COP(O)(O)=O)C(C=O)=C1O	DB00114
Sorafenib	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	464.825	C21H16ClF3N4O3	NA	NA	CNC(=O)C1=NC=CC(OC2=CC=C(NC(=O)NC3=CC(=C(Cl)C=C3)C(F)(F)F)C=C2)=C1	DB00398
Sunitinib	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	398.4738	C22H27FN4O2	NA	NA	CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(\C=C2/C(=O)NC3=C2C=C(F)C=C3)=C1C	DB01268
Pazopanib	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	437.518	C21H23N7O2S	NA	NA	CN(C1=CC2=NN(C)C(C)=C2C=C1)C1=CC=NC(NC2=CC=C(C)C(=C2)S(N)(=O)=O)=N1	DB06589
Midostaurin	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	570.649	C35H30N4O4	NA	NA	CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](C[C@H]2O[C@]1(C)N1C3=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1C1=C(C4=C(C=CC=C4)N21)C1=C3CNC1=O)N(C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1	DB06595
Axitinib	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	386.47	C22H18N4OS	NA	NA	CNC(=O)C1=C(SC2=CC=C3C(NN=C3\C=C\C3=CC=CC=N3)=C2)C=CC=C1	DB06626
Cabozantinib	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	501.514	C28H24FN3O5	NA	NA	COC1=CC2=C(C=C1OC)C(OC1=CC=C(NC(=O)C3(CC3)C(=O)NC3=CC=C(F)C=C3)C=C1)=CC=N2	DB08875
Regorafenib	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	482.815	C21H15ClF4N4O3	NA	NA	CNC(=O)C1=CC(OC2=CC(F)=C(NC(=O)NC3=CC=C(Cl)C(=C3)C(F)(F)F)C=C2)=CC=N1	DB08896
Lenvatinib	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	426.86	C21H19ClN4O4	NA	NA	COC1=C(C=C2C(OC3=CC=C(NC(=O)NC4CC4)C(Cl)=C3)=CC=NC2=C1)C(N)=O	DB09078
Nintedanib	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	539.6248	C31H33N5O4	NA	NA	COC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(NC(=O)\C2=C(/NC2=CC=C(C=C2)N(C)C(=O)CN2CCN(C)CC2)C2=CC=CC=C2)=C1	DB09079
Ramucirumab	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	143600.0 Da	C6374H9864N1692O1996S46	NA	NA	NA	DB05578
Lenvatinib	Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4	426.86	C21H19ClN4O4	NA	NA	COC1=C(C=C2C(OC3=CC=C(NC(=O)NC4CC4)C(Cl)=C3)=CC=NC2=C1)C(N)=O	DB09078
Erdafitinib	Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4	446.555	C25H30N6O2	NA	NA	COC1=CC(=CC(OC)=C1)N(CCNC(C)C)C1=CC=C2N=CC(=NC2=C1)C1=CN(C)N=C1	DB12147
Human immunoglobulin G	High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I	142682.3 Da	C6332H9826N1692O1980S42	NA	NA	NA	DB00028
Catumaxomab	High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I	150511.0 Da	NA	NA	NA	NA	DB06607
Trastuzumab deruxtecan	High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	DB14962
Sunitinib	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1	398.4738	C22H27FN4O2	NA	NA	CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(\C=C2/C(=O)NC3=C2C=C(F)C=C3)=C1C	DB01268
Pazopanib	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1	437.518	C21H23N7O2S	NA	NA	CN(C1=CC2=NN(C)C(C)=C2C=C1)C1=CC=NC(NC2=CC=C(C)C(=C2)S(N)(=O)=O)=N1	DB06589
Axitinib	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1	386.47	C22H18N4OS	NA	NA	CNC(=O)C1=C(SC2=CC=C3C(NN=C3\C=C\C3=CC=CC=N3)=C2)C=CC=C1	DB06626
Regorafenib	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1	482.815	C21H15ClF4N4O3	NA	NA	CNC(=O)C1=CC(OC2=CC(F)=C(NC(=O)NC3=CC=C(Cl)C(=C3)C(F)(F)F)C=C2)=CC=N1	DB08896
Sorafenib	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1	464.825	C21H16ClF3N4O3	NA	NA	CNC(=O)C1=NC=CC(OC2=CC=C(NC(=O)NC3=CC(=C(Cl)C=C3)C(F)(F)F)C=C2)=C1	DB00398
Lenvatinib	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1	426.86	C21H19ClN4O4	NA	NA	COC1=C(C=C2C(OC3=CC=C(NC(=O)NC4CC4)C(Cl)=C3)=CC=NC2=C1)C(N)=O	DB09078
Nintedanib	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1	539.6248	C31H33N5O4	NA	NA	COC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(NC(=O)\C2=C(/NC2=CC=C(C=C2)N(C)C(=O)CN2CCN(C)CC2)C2=CC=CC=C2)=C1	DB09079
Foreskin fibroblast (neonatal)	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	DB10770

 

1. Angiotensin II Type I Receptor (AT1R) blockers: The binding of the coronavirus spike protein to ACE2, its cellular binding site, leads to ACE2 downregulation, which in turn results in excessive production of angiotensin by the related enzyme ACE, while less ACE2 is capable of converting it to the vasodilator heptapeptide angiotensin 1-7. Therefore, higher ACE2 expression following chronically medicating SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with AT1R blockers may protect them against acute lung injury rather than putting them at higher risk to develop SARS. This may be accounted for by two complementary mechanisms: blocking the excessive angiotensin-mediated AT1R activation caused by the viral infection, as well as upregulating ACE2, thereby reducing angiotensin production by ACE and increasing the production of the vasodilator angiotensin 1-7. There are six FDA approved AT1 blockers are already present in the market such as Losartan, Valsartan, Irbesartan, Candesartan Cilexetil, Telmisartan, and Eprosartan.[1]

2. Camostat mesylate: Cell entry of coronaviruses depends on binding of the viral spike proteins to cellular receptors and on spike protein priming by host cell proteases. SARS-CoV-2 uses the receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming. Our docking study shows that camostat mesylate has high binding affinity for the TMPRSS2. Also, the literature has shown that SARS-CoV-2 can use TMPRSS2 for S protein priming and camostat mesylate, an inhibitor of TMPRSS2, blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection of lung cells.[2]

3. Remdesivir: Remdesivir has been recently recognized as a promising antiviral drug against a wide array of RNA viruses (including SARS/MERS-CoV) infection in cultured cells, mice and nonhuman primate (NHP) models. Remdesivir is an adenosine analogue, which incorporates into nascent viral RNA chains and results in pre-mature termination. The literature has shown that, EC90 value of remdesivir against 2019-nCoV in Vero E6 cells was 1.76 microM, suggesting its working concentration is likely to be achieved in NHP. Remdesivir also inhibited virus infection efficiently in a human cell line (human liver cancer Huh-7 cells), which is sensitive to 2019-nCoV. "GS-6620", compound similar in structure with Remedisivir was also docked on RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase (RDRP). Based on PatchDock score, the compound could be used as a potential drug candidate along with Remedisivir.[3, 4]

4. Chloroquine: It is a widely-used anti-malarial and autoimmune disease drug, has recently been reported as a potential broad-spectrum antiviral drug. Chloroquine is known to block virus infection by increasing endosomal pH required for virus/cell fusion, as well as interfering with the glycosylation of cellular receptors of SARS-CoV. Chloroquine is widely distributed in the whole body, including lung, after oral administration. The EC90 value of chloroquine against the 2019-nCoV in Vero E6 cells was 6.9 microM, which can be clinically achievable. Chloroquine is a cheap and a safe drug that has been used for more than 70 years and, therefore, it is potentially clinically applicable against the 2019-nCoV.[3]

5. Ritonavir and Lopinavir: Ritonavir is an experimental HIV-1 protease inhibitor. Ritonavir and lopinavir are approved protease inhibitors for HIV/AIDS. These drugs are given in the combination with other drugs such as oseltamivir (anti- influenza agent), for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, which is improving the severe condition of the patients at Rajavithi Hospital in Thailand, for instance.[4, 5]

6. Darunavir/Cobicistat: Darunavir and the boosting agent cobicistat, an HIV-1 protease inhibitor and inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A enzyme, approved as a combination against HIV-1/AIDS. It blocks the which inhibit the 3C-like protease, which plays major role in the viral replication.[6]

7. Monoclonal Antibodies: The exploration of the potential monoclonal antibody based therapeutic intervention for COVID-19 is done by considering the existing knowledge on the neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against similar coronaviruses SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. There are three neutralizing monoclonal antibodies such as 80R, CR3014, and CR3022, which binds to amino acid residues 426-492, 318-510, and 318-510 respectively of S1 fragment of SARS-CoV. As shown in the literature that receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 shares 72% identity, as residue 394 (Glu) in SARS-Cov-2 RBD corresponding to residue 479 in SARS-CoV, can be recognized by lysine 31 on human ACE2 receptor and hence, disrupting those interaction can prevent the entry of SARS-CoV-2.[7]

Table Represents the Antiviral drugs included in the Guidelines (version 6) for treatment of COVID-19 as per study by Dong L et al 2020 (PMID:32147628)

Drug	Dose	Method of administration	Duration
IFN-alpha	5 million U or equivalent dose each time, 2 times/day	Vapor inhalation	No more than 10 days
Lopinavir/Ritonavir	200 mg/50 mg/capsule, 2 capsules each time, 2 times/day	oral	No more than 10 days
Ribavirin	500 mg each time, 2 to 3 times/day in combination with IFN-α or lopinavir/ritonavir	Intravenous infusion	No more than 10 days
Chloroquine phosphate	500 mg (300 mg for chloroquine) each time, 2 times/day	oral	No more than 10 days
Arbidol	200 mg each time, 3 times/day	oral	No more than 10 days

Table Represents the vaccine candidates for the treatment of COVID-19

Suggested Name	Mechanism of action	Under Trial	Sponsored by	Institution Involved
Ad5-nCoV	Recombinant vaccine (adenovirus type 5 vector)	Phase 3	CanSino Biologics	Tongji Hospital; Wuhan, China
AZD1222	Replication-deficient viral vector vaccine (adenovirus from chimpanzees)	Phase 3	The University of Oxford; AstraZeneca; IQVIA; Serum Institute of India	The University of Oxford, the Jenner Institute
CoronaVac	Inactivated vaccine (formalin with alum adjuvant)	Phase 3	Sinovac	Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd.
JNJ-78436735 (formerly Ad26.COV2-S)	Non-replicating viral vector	Phase 3	Johnson & Johnson	Johnson & Johnson
mRNA-1273	mRNA-based vaccine	Phase 3	Moderna	Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute
No name announced	Inactivated vaccine	Phase 3	Wuhan Institute of Biological Products; China National Pharmaceutical Group (Sinopharm)	Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
NVX-CoV2373	Nanoparticle vaccine	Phase 3	Novavax	Novavax
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine	Live-attenuated vaccine	Phase 2/3	University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children’s Research Institute; Radboud University Medical Center; Faustman Lab at Massachusetts General Hospital	University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children’s Research Institute; Radboud University Medical Center; Faustman Lab at Massachusetts General Hospital
BNT162	mRNA-based vaccine	Phase 2/3	Pfizer, BioNTech	Multiple study sites in Europe and North America
Covaxin	Inactivated vaccine	Phase 2	Bharat Biotech; National Institute of Virology	NA
No name announced	Recombinant vaccine	Phase 2	Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical, Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences	NA
ZyCoV-D	DNA vaccine (plasmid)	Phase 2	Zydus Cadila	Zydus Cadila
AG0301-COVID19	DNA vaccine	Phase 1/2	AnGes, Inc.	AnGes, Inc.; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
BBIBP-CorV	Inactivated vaccine	Phase 1/2	Beijing Institute of Biological Products; China National Pharmaceutical Group (Sinopharm)	Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
EpiVacCorona	Peptide vaccine	Phase 1/2	Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology	Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology
GX-19	DNA vaccine	Phase 1/2	Genexine	NA
INO-4800	DNA vaccine (plasmid)	Phase 1/2	Inovio Pharmaceuticals	Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Kansas City. Mo.; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
LNP-nCoVsaRNA	Self-amplifying RNA vaccine	Phase 1/2	Imperial College London	Imperial College London
LUNAR-COV19 (ARCT-021)	Self-replicating RNA vaccine	Phase 1/2	Arcturus Therapeutics and Duke-NUS Medical School	Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
No name announced	Protein subunit vaccine	Phase 1/2	Sanofi; GlaxoSmithKline	Various
No name announced	Inactivated vaccine	Phase 1/2	Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Biology	West China Second University Hospital, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Sputnik V	Non-replicating viral vector	Phase 1/2	Gamaleya Research Institute, Acellena Contract Drug Research and Development	Various
AdimrSC-2f	Protein subunit vaccine	Phase 1	Adimmune	Adimmune
COVAX-19	Monovalent recombinant protein vaccine	Phase 1	Vaxine Pty Ltd.	Royal Adelaide Hospital
CVnCoV	mRNA-based vaccine	Phase 1	CureVac	CureVac
DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT1	Replicating viral vector	Phase 1	Xiamen University, Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy	Jiangsu Provincial Centre For Disease Control and Prevention
GRAd-COV2	Adenovirus-based vaccine	Phase 1	ReiThera; Leukocare; Univercells	Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases
No name announced	Plant-based adjutant vaccine	Phase 1	Medicago; GSK; Dynavax	Medicago
No name announced	Protein subunit vaccine	Phase 1	CSL; The University of Queensland	NA
SCB-2019	Protein subunit vaccine	Phase 1	GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi, Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Dynavax and Xiamen Innovax	Linear Clinical Research (Australia)
UB-612	Multitope peptide-based vaccine	Phase 1	COVAXX	United Biomedical Inc. (UBI)
V590	Recombinant vaccine (vesicular stomatitis virus)	Phase 1	Merck; IAVI	NA
V591	Measles vector vaccine	Phase 1	University of Pittsburgh’s Center for Vaccine Research	University of Pittsburgh; Themis Biosciences; Institut Pasteur
AAVCOVID	Gene-based vaccine	Pre-clinical	Massachusetts Eye and Ear; Massachusetts General Hospital; University of Pennsylvania	NA
AdCOVID	Intranasal vaccine	Pre-clinical	Altimmune	University of Alabama at Birmingham
bacTRL-Spike	Monovalent oral vaccine (bifidobacteria)	Pre-clinical	Symvivo	Symvivo Corporation
ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S	Adenovirus-based vaccine	Pre-clinical	Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis	Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
HaloVax	Self-assembling vaccine	Pre-clinical	Voltron Therapeutics, Inc.; Hoth Therapeutics, Inc.	MGH Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center
HDT-301	RNA vaccine	Pre-clinical	University of Washington; National Institutes of Health Rocky Mountain Laboratories; HDT Bio Corp	NA
LineaDNA	DNA vaccine	Pre-clinical	Takis Biotech	Takis Biotech
No name announced	Ii-Key peptide COVID-19 vaccine	Pre-clinical	Generex Biotechnology	Generex
No name announced	Recombinant vaccine	Pre-clinical	Vaxart	Vaxart
No name announced	Protein subunit vaccine	Pre-clinical	University of Saskatchewan Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre	University of Saskatchewan Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre
No name announced	Adenovirus-based vaccine	Pre-clinical	ImmunityBio; NantKwest	NA
No name announced	Recombinant vaccine	Pre-clinical	Sanofi, Translate Bio	NA
No name announced	mRNA-based vaccine	Pre-clinical	Chulalongkorn University’s Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development	NA
No name announced	gp96-based vaccine	Pre-clinical	Heat Biologics	University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
No name announced	Inactivated vaccine	Pre-clinical	Shenzhen Kangtai Biological Products	NA
PittCoVacc	Recombinant protein subunit vaccine (delivered through microneedle array)	Pre-clinical	UPMC/University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine	University of Pittsburgh
T-COVIDTM	Intranasal vaccine	Pre-clinical	Altimmune	NA

Table Respresents Drugs that can be used for Repurposing in COVID-19 as per study in Nature Biotech (Doi: 10.1038/d41587-020-00003-1)

Drug/Cocktail	Originator company	Status and Mode of action	Clinical trials (trial posting date)
ASC09/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, with or without umifenovir	Ascletis, AbbVie, Pharmstandard	ASC09 is an experimental HIV-1 protease inhibitor; ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir are approved protease inhibitors for HIV/AIDS; umifenovir is an approved entry inhibitor against influenza	At least three trials (e.g., ChiCTR2000029603, 2/6/20)
ASC09/oseltamivir, ritonavir/oseltamivir, oseltamivir	Ascletis, Gilead, AbbVie	See above; oseltamivir is a sialidase inhibitor approved for influenza	One trial (NCT04261270, 2/7/20)
Azvudine	Zhengzhou Granlen PharmaTech	Experimental reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug against HIV-1/AIDS	One trial (ChiCTR2000029853, 2/15/20)
Various combinations of baloxavir marboxil/favipiravir and lopinavir/ritonavir	Shionogi, Toyama Chemical	Baloxavir marboxil is a Cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor and favipiravir is a guanine analog RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor approved for influenza A and B; see above	Two trials (ChiCTR2000029544, 2/3/20; ChiCTR2000029548, 2/4/20)
Various combinations of darunavir/cobicistat alone or with lopinavir/ritonavir and thymosin α1	Janssen, Gilead	Darunavir and cobicistat are, respectively, an HIV-1 protease inhibitor and inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A enzyme, approved as a combination against HIV-1/AIDS. Thymosin α1 is an immune response boosting agent	Two trials (NCT04252274, 2/5/20; ChiCTR2000029541, 2/3/20)
Remdesivir	Gilead	Phosphoramidate prodrug of an adenine analog used for Ebola and Marburg virus outbreaks (similar structure to approved HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors)	Two trials (NCT04252664, 2/5/20; NCT04257656, 2/6/20)
Chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine	Shanghai Zhongxi Pharmaceutical, Shanghai Ziyuan Pharmaceutical, Wuhan Wuyao Pharmaceutical	Endosomal acidification fusion inhibitor	At least ten trials (e.g., ChiCTR2000029826, 2/2/20; NCT04261517, 2/14/20)
Methylprednisolone	Generic	Synthetic corticosteroid that binds to nuclear receptors to dampen proinflammatory cytokines	One trial (NCT04263402, 2/10/20)
Interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with lopinavir/ritonavir and ribavirin	Biogen, Merck	Interferon alfa-2b is a recombinant cytokine with antiviral properties; ribavirin is a guanine derivative; as above	Two trials (NCT04254874, 2/5/20; ChiCTR2000029308, 1/23/20)
Camrelizumab and thymosin	Incyte, Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical	Camrelizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting PD-1	Two trials (ChiCTR2000029806, 2/14/20; NCT04268537, 2/14/20)
Tocilizumab	Chugai Pharmaceutical, Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Qyun Bio-Pharmaceutical	Humanized mAb targeting interleukin-6	One trial (ChiCTR2000029765, 2/13/20)

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