Detailed description page of ThPDB2
| This page displays user query in tabular form. |
Th1620 details |
| Primary information | |
|---|---|
| ID | 15709 |
| Therapeutic ID | Th1620 |
| Protein Name | Human interferon beta |
| Sequence | >Th1620_Human_interferon_beta MTNKCLLQIALLLCFSTTALSMSYNLLGFLQRSSNFQCQKLLWQLNGRLEYCLKDRMNFDIPEEIKQLQQFQKEDAALTIYEMLQNIFAIFRQDSSSTGWNETIVENLLANVYHQINHLKTVLEEKLEKEDFTRGKLMSSLHLKRYYGRILHYLKAKEYSHCAWTIVRVEILRNFYFINRLTGYLRN |
| Molecular Weight | 40036 |
| Chemical Formula | NA |
| Isoelectric Point | 9.02 |
| Hydrophobicity | -0.427 |
| Melting point | NA |
| Half-life | The mean terminal elimination half-life of interferon-beta varies from 8 minutes to about 4 hours.[A191859,L12081] |
| Description | Human interferon beta is a polypeptide used in the management of relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and was initially approved by the FDA in 1992.[L12081] Multiple Sclerosis is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that is usually progressive and significantly debilitating with a profound impact on the quality of life.[A191784] Interferon beta is currently being studied as a possible treatment for COVID-19, which results from infection with the novel 2019 SARS-CoV-2 virus.[L12078] Interferon-beta has been used in the past in clinical studies with other coronaviruses due to its demonstrated activity against the virus causing Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). It is therefore a potential drug candidate for SARS-CoV-2 based on viral genetic similarity.[A191733,L12012] |
| Indication/Disease | This drug is indicated to treat relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in adults, which includes clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, as well as active secondary progressive disease.[L12081] |
| Pharmacodynamics | Interferon-beta has antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. It reduces demyelination, the main component of Multiple Sclerosis pathophysiology, reducing the clinical frequency of MS attacks and slowing disease progression.[A191751,A191784,L12096] In vitro studies have shown that beta interferon reduces the replication of certain coronaviruses in lung tissue.[A191874] Retrospective studies using combinations of [mycophenolate mofetil] and beta interferon showed improved survival against MERS-CoV, the virus that causes Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). [A191871] |
| Mechanism of Action | Part of the pathophysiology of MS is immune cell activation in addition to degradation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), resulting in both neural demyelination and axon injury. Immunomodulating drugs such as interferon-beta decrease the inflammation that results in demyelination of nerves. Binding of interferon-beta to type 1 interferon receptors induces a series of beneficial transcriptional JAK/STAT pathway changes. This decreases antigen presentation as well as the proliferation of inflammatory T-cells, reducing the inflammation associated with MS. It also changes the expression of cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP).[A191751,A191814] |
| Toxicity | LD50 information for beta interferon is not readily available in the literature. Overdose information Following an overdose with a very high dose of beta interferon, one patient described in a case report experienced a modest rise in body temperature with diffuse limb and truncal erythema. The symptoms resolved within 24 hours. Biochemical and hematologic parameters were nonremarkable after the overdose.[A191871] In the case of an overdose, discontinue beta interferon and resume when the patient has returned to baseline function. |
| Metabolism | Data regarding the metabolism of beta interferon is not readily available in the literature. |
| Absorption | Beta interferon has a bioavailability of about 30% after subcutaneous or intramuscular administration, demonstrating peak serum concentrations within several hours of a dose. Peak interferon beta-1b concentrations are achieved between 1-8 hours post-dose, measuring about 40 IU/mL.[L12081] After injection, it is absorbed mainly by the lymphatic route.[A191859] Prescribing information for interferon beta-1b indicates a bioavailability of 50%.[L12096] Concentrations of beta interferon are detectable in the circulation 1-2 to days after administration.[A191859] |
| The average state volume of distribution for beta interferon is 0.25 L/kg to 2.88 L/kg.[L102081,L12096] Another reference mentions a volume of distribution of 120 L.[A191859] Beta interferon is distributed throughout the body after extravasation across the vascular wall into the tissue after injection. It likely does not cross the blood-brain barrier, and it is unclear whether beta interferon crosses the placenta.[A191859] | |
| Clearance | Average serum clearance in a pharmacokinetic study of beta-interferon 1b ranged from 9.4 mL/min•kg-1 to 28.9 mL/min•kg-1.[L12096] Another study revealed a clearance ranging between 0.3 to 1.4 L/h/kg.[A191859] |
| Categories | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
| Patents Number | NA |
| Date of Issue | NA |
| Date of Expiry | NA |
| Drug Interaction | NA |
| Target | Interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 |
| Brand Name | NA |
| Company | NA |
| Brand Description | NA |
| Prescribed For | NA |
| Chemical Name | NA |
| Formulation | NA |
| Physical Appearance | NA |
| Route of Administration | NA |
| Recommended Dosage | NA |
| Contraindication | NA |
| Side Effects | NA |
| Useful Link 1 | Link |
| Useful Link 2 | NA |
| Remarks | NA |
| Primary information | |
|---|---|
| ID | 15710 |
| Therapeutic ID | Th1620 |
| Protein Name | Human interferon beta |
| Sequence | >Th1620_Human_interferon_beta MTNKCLLQIALLLCFSTTALSMSYNLLGFLQRSSNFQCQKLLWQLNGRLEYCLKDRMNFDIPEEIKQLQQFQKEDAALTIYEMLQNIFAIFRQDSSSTGWNETIVENLLANVYHQINHLKTVLEEKLEKEDFTRGKLMSSLHLKRYYGRILHYLKAKEYSHCAWTIVRVEILRNFYFINRLTGYLRN |
| Molecular Weight | 40036 |
| Chemical Formula | NA |
| Isoelectric Point | 9.02 |
| Hydrophobicity | -0.427 |
| Melting point | NA |
| Half-life | The mean terminal elimination half-life of interferon-beta varies from 8 minutes to about 4 hours.[A191859,L12081] |
| Description | Human interferon beta is a polypeptide used in the management of relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and was initially approved by the FDA in 1992.[L12081] Multiple Sclerosis is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that is usually progressive and significantly debilitating with a profound impact on the quality of life.[A191784] Interferon beta is currently being studied as a possible treatment for COVID-19, which results from infection with the novel 2019 SARS-CoV-2 virus.[L12078] Interferon-beta has been used in the past in clinical studies with other coronaviruses due to its demonstrated activity against the virus causing Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). It is therefore a potential drug candidate for SARS-CoV-2 based on viral genetic similarity.[A191733,L12012] |
| Indication/Disease | This drug is indicated to treat relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in adults, which includes clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, as well as active secondary progressive disease.[L12081] |
| Pharmacodynamics | Interferon-beta has antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. It reduces demyelination, the main component of Multiple Sclerosis pathophysiology, reducing the clinical frequency of MS attacks and slowing disease progression.[A191751,A191784,L12096] In vitro studies have shown that beta interferon reduces the replication of certain coronaviruses in lung tissue.[A191874] Retrospective studies using combinations of [mycophenolate mofetil] and beta interferon showed improved survival against MERS-CoV, the virus that causes Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). [A191871] |
| Mechanism of Action | Part of the pathophysiology of MS is immune cell activation in addition to degradation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), resulting in both neural demyelination and axon injury. Immunomodulating drugs such as interferon-beta decrease the inflammation that results in demyelination of nerves. Binding of interferon-beta to type 1 interferon receptors induces a series of beneficial transcriptional JAK/STAT pathway changes. This decreases antigen presentation as well as the proliferation of inflammatory T-cells, reducing the inflammation associated with MS. It also changes the expression of cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP).[A191751,A191814] |
| Toxicity | LD50 information for beta interferon is not readily available in the literature. Overdose information Following an overdose with a very high dose of beta interferon, one patient described in a case report experienced a modest rise in body temperature with diffuse limb and truncal erythema. The symptoms resolved within 24 hours. Biochemical and hematologic parameters were nonremarkable after the overdose.[A191871] In the case of an overdose, discontinue beta interferon and resume when the patient has returned to baseline function. |
| Metabolism | Data regarding the metabolism of beta interferon is not readily available in the literature. |
| Absorption | Beta interferon has a bioavailability of about 30% after subcutaneous or intramuscular administration, demonstrating peak serum concentrations within several hours of a dose. Peak interferon beta-1b concentrations are achieved between 1-8 hours post-dose, measuring about 40 IU/mL.[L12081] After injection, it is absorbed mainly by the lymphatic route.[A191859] Prescribing information for interferon beta-1b indicates a bioavailability of 50%.[L12096] Concentrations of beta interferon are detectable in the circulation 1-2 to days after administration.[A191859] |
| The average state volume of distribution for beta interferon is 0.25 L/kg to 2.88 L/kg.[L102081,L12096] Another reference mentions a volume of distribution of 120 L.[A191859] Beta interferon is distributed throughout the body after extravasation across the vascular wall into the tissue after injection. It likely does not cross the blood-brain barrier, and it is unclear whether beta interferon crosses the placenta.[A191859] | |
| Clearance | Average serum clearance in a pharmacokinetic study of beta-interferon 1b ranged from 9.4 mL/min•kg-1 to 28.9 mL/min•kg-1.[L12096] Another study revealed a clearance ranging between 0.3 to 1.4 L/h/kg.[A191859] |
| Categories | Anti-Infective Agents |
| Patents Number | NA |
| Date of Issue | NA |
| Date of Expiry | NA |
| Drug Interaction | NA |
| Target | Interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 |
| Brand Name | NA |
| Company | NA |
| Brand Description | NA |
| Prescribed For | NA |
| Chemical Name | NA |
| Formulation | NA |
| Physical Appearance | NA |
| Route of Administration | NA |
| Recommended Dosage | NA |
| Contraindication | NA |
| Side Effects | NA |
| Useful Link 1 | Link |
| Useful Link 2 | NA |
| Remarks | NA |
| Primary information | |
|---|---|
| ID | 15711 |
| Therapeutic ID | Th1620 |
| Protein Name | Human interferon beta |
| Sequence | >Th1620_Human_interferon_beta MTNKCLLQIALLLCFSTTALSMSYNLLGFLQRSSNFQCQKLLWQLNGRLEYCLKDRMNFDIPEEIKQLQQFQKEDAALTIYEMLQNIFAIFRQDSSSTGWNETIVENLLANVYHQINHLKTVLEEKLEKEDFTRGKLMSSLHLKRYYGRILHYLKAKEYSHCAWTIVRVEILRNFYFINRLTGYLRN |
| Molecular Weight | 40036 |
| Chemical Formula | NA |
| Isoelectric Point | 9.02 |
| Hydrophobicity | -0.427 |
| Melting point | NA |
| Half-life | The mean terminal elimination half-life of interferon-beta varies from 8 minutes to about 4 hours.[A191859,L12081] |
| Description | Human interferon beta is a polypeptide used in the management of relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and was initially approved by the FDA in 1992.[L12081] Multiple Sclerosis is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that is usually progressive and significantly debilitating with a profound impact on the quality of life.[A191784] Interferon beta is currently being studied as a possible treatment for COVID-19, which results from infection with the novel 2019 SARS-CoV-2 virus.[L12078] Interferon-beta has been used in the past in clinical studies with other coronaviruses due to its demonstrated activity against the virus causing Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). It is therefore a potential drug candidate for SARS-CoV-2 based on viral genetic similarity.[A191733,L12012] |
| Indication/Disease | This drug is indicated to treat relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in adults, which includes clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, as well as active secondary progressive disease.[L12081] |
| Pharmacodynamics | Interferon-beta has antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. It reduces demyelination, the main component of Multiple Sclerosis pathophysiology, reducing the clinical frequency of MS attacks and slowing disease progression.[A191751,A191784,L12096] In vitro studies have shown that beta interferon reduces the replication of certain coronaviruses in lung tissue.[A191874] Retrospective studies using combinations of [mycophenolate mofetil] and beta interferon showed improved survival against MERS-CoV, the virus that causes Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). [A191871] |
| Mechanism of Action | Part of the pathophysiology of MS is immune cell activation in addition to degradation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), resulting in both neural demyelination and axon injury. Immunomodulating drugs such as interferon-beta decrease the inflammation that results in demyelination of nerves. Binding of interferon-beta to type 1 interferon receptors induces a series of beneficial transcriptional JAK/STAT pathway changes. This decreases antigen presentation as well as the proliferation of inflammatory T-cells, reducing the inflammation associated with MS. It also changes the expression of cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP).[A191751,A191814] |
| Toxicity | LD50 information for beta interferon is not readily available in the literature. Overdose information Following an overdose with a very high dose of beta interferon, one patient described in a case report experienced a modest rise in body temperature with diffuse limb and truncal erythema. The symptoms resolved within 24 hours. Biochemical and hematologic parameters were nonremarkable after the overdose.[A191871] In the case of an overdose, discontinue beta interferon and resume when the patient has returned to baseline function. |
| Metabolism | Data regarding the metabolism of beta interferon is not readily available in the literature. |
| Absorption | Beta interferon has a bioavailability of about 30% after subcutaneous or intramuscular administration, demonstrating peak serum concentrations within several hours of a dose. Peak interferon beta-1b concentrations are achieved between 1-8 hours post-dose, measuring about 40 IU/mL.[L12081] After injection, it is absorbed mainly by the lymphatic route.[A191859] Prescribing information for interferon beta-1b indicates a bioavailability of 50%.[L12096] Concentrations of beta interferon are detectable in the circulation 1-2 to days after administration.[A191859] |
| The average state volume of distribution for beta interferon is 0.25 L/kg to 2.88 L/kg.[L102081,L12096] Another reference mentions a volume of distribution of 120 L.[A191859] Beta interferon is distributed throughout the body after extravasation across the vascular wall into the tissue after injection. It likely does not cross the blood-brain barrier, and it is unclear whether beta interferon crosses the placenta.[A191859] | |
| Clearance | Average serum clearance in a pharmacokinetic study of beta-interferon 1b ranged from 9.4 mL/min•kg-1 to 28.9 mL/min•kg-1.[L12096] Another study revealed a clearance ranging between 0.3 to 1.4 L/h/kg.[A191859] |
| Categories | Biological Factors |
| Patents Number | NA |
| Date of Issue | NA |
| Date of Expiry | NA |
| Drug Interaction | NA |
| Target | Interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 |
| Brand Name | NA |
| Company | NA |
| Brand Description | NA |
| Prescribed For | NA |
| Chemical Name | NA |
| Formulation | NA |
| Physical Appearance | NA |
| Route of Administration | NA |
| Recommended Dosage | NA |
| Contraindication | NA |
| Side Effects | NA |
| Useful Link 1 | Link |
| Useful Link 2 | NA |
| Remarks | NA |
| Primary information | |
|---|---|
| ID | 15712 |
| Therapeutic ID | Th1620 |
| Protein Name | Human interferon beta |
| Sequence | >Th1620_Human_interferon_beta MTNKCLLQIALLLCFSTTALSMSYNLLGFLQRSSNFQCQKLLWQLNGRLEYCLKDRMNFDIPEEIKQLQQFQKEDAALTIYEMLQNIFAIFRQDSSSTGWNETIVENLLANVYHQINHLKTVLEEKLEKEDFTRGKLMSSLHLKRYYGRILHYLKAKEYSHCAWTIVRVEILRNFYFINRLTGYLRN |
| Molecular Weight | 40036 |
| Chemical Formula | NA |
| Isoelectric Point | 9.02 |
| Hydrophobicity | -0.427 |
| Melting point | NA |
| Half-life | The mean terminal elimination half-life of interferon-beta varies from 8 minutes to about 4 hours.[A191859,L12081] |
| Description | Human interferon beta is a polypeptide used in the management of relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and was initially approved by the FDA in 1992.[L12081] Multiple Sclerosis is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that is usually progressive and significantly debilitating with a profound impact on the quality of life.[A191784] Interferon beta is currently being studied as a possible treatment for COVID-19, which results from infection with the novel 2019 SARS-CoV-2 virus.[L12078] Interferon-beta has been used in the past in clinical studies with other coronaviruses due to its demonstrated activity against the virus causing Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). It is therefore a potential drug candidate for SARS-CoV-2 based on viral genetic similarity.[A191733,L12012] |
| Indication/Disease | This drug is indicated to treat relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in adults, which includes clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, as well as active secondary progressive disease.[L12081] |
| Pharmacodynamics | Interferon-beta has antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. It reduces demyelination, the main component of Multiple Sclerosis pathophysiology, reducing the clinical frequency of MS attacks and slowing disease progression.[A191751,A191784,L12096] In vitro studies have shown that beta interferon reduces the replication of certain coronaviruses in lung tissue.[A191874] Retrospective studies using combinations of [mycophenolate mofetil] and beta interferon showed improved survival against MERS-CoV, the virus that causes Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). [A191871] |
| Mechanism of Action | Part of the pathophysiology of MS is immune cell activation in addition to degradation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), resulting in both neural demyelination and axon injury. Immunomodulating drugs such as interferon-beta decrease the inflammation that results in demyelination of nerves. Binding of interferon-beta to type 1 interferon receptors induces a series of beneficial transcriptional JAK/STAT pathway changes. This decreases antigen presentation as well as the proliferation of inflammatory T-cells, reducing the inflammation associated with MS. It also changes the expression of cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP).[A191751,A191814] |
| Toxicity | LD50 information for beta interferon is not readily available in the literature. Overdose information Following an overdose with a very high dose of beta interferon, one patient described in a case report experienced a modest rise in body temperature with diffuse limb and truncal erythema. The symptoms resolved within 24 hours. Biochemical and hematologic parameters were nonremarkable after the overdose.[A191871] In the case of an overdose, discontinue beta interferon and resume when the patient has returned to baseline function. |
| Metabolism | Data regarding the metabolism of beta interferon is not readily available in the literature. |
| Absorption | Beta interferon has a bioavailability of about 30% after subcutaneous or intramuscular administration, demonstrating peak serum concentrations within several hours of a dose. Peak interferon beta-1b concentrations are achieved between 1-8 hours post-dose, measuring about 40 IU/mL.[L12081] After injection, it is absorbed mainly by the lymphatic route.[A191859] Prescribing information for interferon beta-1b indicates a bioavailability of 50%.[L12096] Concentrations of beta interferon are detectable in the circulation 1-2 to days after administration.[A191859] |
| The average state volume of distribution for beta interferon is 0.25 L/kg to 2.88 L/kg.[L102081,L12096] Another reference mentions a volume of distribution of 120 L.[A191859] Beta interferon is distributed throughout the body after extravasation across the vascular wall into the tissue after injection. It likely does not cross the blood-brain barrier, and it is unclear whether beta interferon crosses the placenta.[A191859] | |
| Clearance | Average serum clearance in a pharmacokinetic study of beta-interferon 1b ranged from 9.4 mL/min•kg-1 to 28.9 mL/min•kg-1.[L12096] Another study revealed a clearance ranging between 0.3 to 1.4 L/h/kg.[A191859] |
| Categories | Experimental Unapproved Treatments for COVID-19 |
| Patents Number | NA |
| Date of Issue | NA |
| Date of Expiry | NA |
| Drug Interaction | NA |
| Target | Interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 |
| Brand Name | NA |
| Company | NA |
| Brand Description | NA |
| Prescribed For | NA |
| Chemical Name | NA |
| Formulation | NA |
| Physical Appearance | NA |
| Route of Administration | NA |
| Recommended Dosage | NA |
| Contraindication | NA |
| Side Effects | NA |
| Useful Link 1 | Link |
| Useful Link 2 | NA |
| Remarks | NA |
| Primary information | |
|---|---|
| ID | 15713 |
| Therapeutic ID | Th1620 |
| Protein Name | Human interferon beta |
| Sequence | >Th1620_Human_interferon_beta MTNKCLLQIALLLCFSTTALSMSYNLLGFLQRSSNFQCQKLLWQLNGRLEYCLKDRMNFDIPEEIKQLQQFQKEDAALTIYEMLQNIFAIFRQDSSSTGWNETIVENLLANVYHQINHLKTVLEEKLEKEDFTRGKLMSSLHLKRYYGRILHYLKAKEYSHCAWTIVRVEILRNFYFINRLTGYLRN |
| Molecular Weight | 40036 |
| Chemical Formula | NA |
| Isoelectric Point | 9.02 |
| Hydrophobicity | -0.427 |
| Melting point | NA |
| Half-life | The mean terminal elimination half-life of interferon-beta varies from 8 minutes to about 4 hours.[A191859,L12081] |
| Description | Human interferon beta is a polypeptide used in the management of relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and was initially approved by the FDA in 1992.[L12081] Multiple Sclerosis is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that is usually progressive and significantly debilitating with a profound impact on the quality of life.[A191784] Interferon beta is currently being studied as a possible treatment for COVID-19, which results from infection with the novel 2019 SARS-CoV-2 virus.[L12078] Interferon-beta has been used in the past in clinical studies with other coronaviruses due to its demonstrated activity against the virus causing Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). It is therefore a potential drug candidate for SARS-CoV-2 based on viral genetic similarity.[A191733,L12012] |
| Indication/Disease | This drug is indicated to treat relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in adults, which includes clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, as well as active secondary progressive disease.[L12081] |
| Pharmacodynamics | Interferon-beta has antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. It reduces demyelination, the main component of Multiple Sclerosis pathophysiology, reducing the clinical frequency of MS attacks and slowing disease progression.[A191751,A191784,L12096] In vitro studies have shown that beta interferon reduces the replication of certain coronaviruses in lung tissue.[A191874] Retrospective studies using combinations of [mycophenolate mofetil] and beta interferon showed improved survival against MERS-CoV, the virus that causes Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). [A191871] |
| Mechanism of Action | Part of the pathophysiology of MS is immune cell activation in addition to degradation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), resulting in both neural demyelination and axon injury. Immunomodulating drugs such as interferon-beta decrease the inflammation that results in demyelination of nerves. Binding of interferon-beta to type 1 interferon receptors induces a series of beneficial transcriptional JAK/STAT pathway changes. This decreases antigen presentation as well as the proliferation of inflammatory T-cells, reducing the inflammation associated with MS. It also changes the expression of cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP).[A191751,A191814] |
| Toxicity | LD50 information for beta interferon is not readily available in the literature. Overdose information Following an overdose with a very high dose of beta interferon, one patient described in a case report experienced a modest rise in body temperature with diffuse limb and truncal erythema. The symptoms resolved within 24 hours. Biochemical and hematologic parameters were nonremarkable after the overdose.[A191871] In the case of an overdose, discontinue beta interferon and resume when the patient has returned to baseline function. |
| Metabolism | Data regarding the metabolism of beta interferon is not readily available in the literature. |
| Absorption | Beta interferon has a bioavailability of about 30% after subcutaneous or intramuscular administration, demonstrating peak serum concentrations within several hours of a dose. Peak interferon beta-1b concentrations are achieved between 1-8 hours post-dose, measuring about 40 IU/mL.[L12081] After injection, it is absorbed mainly by the lymphatic route.[A191859] Prescribing information for interferon beta-1b indicates a bioavailability of 50%.[L12096] Concentrations of beta interferon are detectable in the circulation 1-2 to days after administration.[A191859] |
| The average state volume of distribution for beta interferon is 0.25 L/kg to 2.88 L/kg.[L102081,L12096] Another reference mentions a volume of distribution of 120 L.[A191859] Beta interferon is distributed throughout the body after extravasation across the vascular wall into the tissue after injection. It likely does not cross the blood-brain barrier, and it is unclear whether beta interferon crosses the placenta.[A191859] | |
| Clearance | Average serum clearance in a pharmacokinetic study of beta-interferon 1b ranged from 9.4 mL/min•kg-1 to 28.9 mL/min•kg-1.[L12096] Another study revealed a clearance ranging between 0.3 to 1.4 L/h/kg.[A191859] |
| Categories | Immunologic Factors |
| Patents Number | NA |
| Date of Issue | NA |
| Date of Expiry | NA |
| Drug Interaction | NA |
| Target | Interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 |
| Brand Name | NA |
| Company | NA |
| Brand Description | NA |
| Prescribed For | NA |
| Chemical Name | NA |
| Formulation | NA |
| Physical Appearance | NA |
| Route of Administration | NA |
| Recommended Dosage | NA |
| Contraindication | NA |
| Side Effects | NA |
| Useful Link 1 | Link |
| Useful Link 2 | NA |
| Remarks | NA |
| Primary information | |
|---|---|
| ID | 15714 |
| Therapeutic ID | Th1620 |
| Protein Name | Human interferon beta |
| Sequence | >Th1620_Human_interferon_beta MTNKCLLQIALLLCFSTTALSMSYNLLGFLQRSSNFQCQKLLWQLNGRLEYCLKDRMNFDIPEEIKQLQQFQKEDAALTIYEMLQNIFAIFRQDSSSTGWNETIVENLLANVYHQINHLKTVLEEKLEKEDFTRGKLMSSLHLKRYYGRILHYLKAKEYSHCAWTIVRVEILRNFYFINRLTGYLRN |
| Molecular Weight | 40036 |
| Chemical Formula | NA |
| Isoelectric Point | 9.02 |
| Hydrophobicity | -0.427 |
| Melting point | NA |
| Half-life | The mean terminal elimination half-life of interferon-beta varies from 8 minutes to about 4 hours.[A191859,L12081] |
| Description | Human interferon beta is a polypeptide used in the management of relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and was initially approved by the FDA in 1992.[L12081] Multiple Sclerosis is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that is usually progressive and significantly debilitating with a profound impact on the quality of life.[A191784] Interferon beta is currently being studied as a possible treatment for COVID-19, which results from infection with the novel 2019 SARS-CoV-2 virus.[L12078] Interferon-beta has been used in the past in clinical studies with other coronaviruses due to its demonstrated activity against the virus causing Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). It is therefore a potential drug candidate for SARS-CoV-2 based on viral genetic similarity.[A191733,L12012] |
| Indication/Disease | This drug is indicated to treat relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in adults, which includes clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, as well as active secondary progressive disease.[L12081] |
| Pharmacodynamics | Interferon-beta has antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. It reduces demyelination, the main component of Multiple Sclerosis pathophysiology, reducing the clinical frequency of MS attacks and slowing disease progression.[A191751,A191784,L12096] In vitro studies have shown that beta interferon reduces the replication of certain coronaviruses in lung tissue.[A191874] Retrospective studies using combinations of [mycophenolate mofetil] and beta interferon showed improved survival against MERS-CoV, the virus that causes Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). [A191871] |
| Mechanism of Action | Part of the pathophysiology of MS is immune cell activation in addition to degradation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), resulting in both neural demyelination and axon injury. Immunomodulating drugs such as interferon-beta decrease the inflammation that results in demyelination of nerves. Binding of interferon-beta to type 1 interferon receptors induces a series of beneficial transcriptional JAK/STAT pathway changes. This decreases antigen presentation as well as the proliferation of inflammatory T-cells, reducing the inflammation associated with MS. It also changes the expression of cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP).[A191751,A191814] |
| Toxicity | LD50 information for beta interferon is not readily available in the literature. Overdose information Following an overdose with a very high dose of beta interferon, one patient described in a case report experienced a modest rise in body temperature with diffuse limb and truncal erythema. The symptoms resolved within 24 hours. Biochemical and hematologic parameters were nonremarkable after the overdose.[A191871] In the case of an overdose, discontinue beta interferon and resume when the patient has returned to baseline function. |
| Metabolism | Data regarding the metabolism of beta interferon is not readily available in the literature. |
| Absorption | Beta interferon has a bioavailability of about 30% after subcutaneous or intramuscular administration, demonstrating peak serum concentrations within several hours of a dose. Peak interferon beta-1b concentrations are achieved between 1-8 hours post-dose, measuring about 40 IU/mL.[L12081] After injection, it is absorbed mainly by the lymphatic route.[A191859] Prescribing information for interferon beta-1b indicates a bioavailability of 50%.[L12096] Concentrations of beta interferon are detectable in the circulation 1-2 to days after administration.[A191859] |
| The average state volume of distribution for beta interferon is 0.25 L/kg to 2.88 L/kg.[L102081,L12096] Another reference mentions a volume of distribution of 120 L.[A191859] Beta interferon is distributed throughout the body after extravasation across the vascular wall into the tissue after injection. It likely does not cross the blood-brain barrier, and it is unclear whether beta interferon crosses the placenta.[A191859] | |
| Clearance | Average serum clearance in a pharmacokinetic study of beta-interferon 1b ranged from 9.4 mL/min•kg-1 to 28.9 mL/min•kg-1.[L12096] Another study revealed a clearance ranging between 0.3 to 1.4 L/h/kg.[A191859] |
| Categories | Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins |
| Patents Number | NA |
| Date of Issue | NA |
| Date of Expiry | NA |
| Drug Interaction | NA |
| Target | Interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 |
| Brand Name | NA |
| Company | NA |
| Brand Description | NA |
| Prescribed For | NA |
| Chemical Name | NA |
| Formulation | NA |
| Physical Appearance | NA |
| Route of Administration | NA |
| Recommended Dosage | NA |
| Contraindication | NA |
| Side Effects | NA |
| Useful Link 1 | Link |
| Useful Link 2 | NA |
| Remarks | NA |
| Primary information | |
|---|---|
| ID | 15715 |
| Therapeutic ID | Th1620 |
| Protein Name | Human interferon beta |
| Sequence | >Th1620_Human_interferon_beta MTNKCLLQIALLLCFSTTALSMSYNLLGFLQRSSNFQCQKLLWQLNGRLEYCLKDRMNFDIPEEIKQLQQFQKEDAALTIYEMLQNIFAIFRQDSSSTGWNETIVENLLANVYHQINHLKTVLEEKLEKEDFTRGKLMSSLHLKRYYGRILHYLKAKEYSHCAWTIVRVEILRNFYFINRLTGYLRN |
| Molecular Weight | 40036 |
| Chemical Formula | NA |
| Isoelectric Point | 9.02 |
| Hydrophobicity | -0.427 |
| Melting point | NA |
| Half-life | The mean terminal elimination half-life of interferon-beta varies from 8 minutes to about 4 hours.[A191859,L12081] |
| Description | Human interferon beta is a polypeptide used in the management of relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and was initially approved by the FDA in 1992.[L12081] Multiple Sclerosis is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that is usually progressive and significantly debilitating with a profound impact on the quality of life.[A191784] Interferon beta is currently being studied as a possible treatment for COVID-19, which results from infection with the novel 2019 SARS-CoV-2 virus.[L12078] Interferon-beta has been used in the past in clinical studies with other coronaviruses due to its demonstrated activity against the virus causing Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). It is therefore a potential drug candidate for SARS-CoV-2 based on viral genetic similarity.[A191733,L12012] |
| Indication/Disease | This drug is indicated to treat relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in adults, which includes clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, as well as active secondary progressive disease.[L12081] |
| Pharmacodynamics | Interferon-beta has antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. It reduces demyelination, the main component of Multiple Sclerosis pathophysiology, reducing the clinical frequency of MS attacks and slowing disease progression.[A191751,A191784,L12096] In vitro studies have shown that beta interferon reduces the replication of certain coronaviruses in lung tissue.[A191874] Retrospective studies using combinations of [mycophenolate mofetil] and beta interferon showed improved survival against MERS-CoV, the virus that causes Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). [A191871] |
| Mechanism of Action | Part of the pathophysiology of MS is immune cell activation in addition to degradation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), resulting in both neural demyelination and axon injury. Immunomodulating drugs such as interferon-beta decrease the inflammation that results in demyelination of nerves. Binding of interferon-beta to type 1 interferon receptors induces a series of beneficial transcriptional JAK/STAT pathway changes. This decreases antigen presentation as well as the proliferation of inflammatory T-cells, reducing the inflammation associated with MS. It also changes the expression of cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP).[A191751,A191814] |
| Toxicity | LD50 information for beta interferon is not readily available in the literature. Overdose information Following an overdose with a very high dose of beta interferon, one patient described in a case report experienced a modest rise in body temperature with diffuse limb and truncal erythema. The symptoms resolved within 24 hours. Biochemical and hematologic parameters were nonremarkable after the overdose.[A191871] In the case of an overdose, discontinue beta interferon and resume when the patient has returned to baseline function. |
| Metabolism | Data regarding the metabolism of beta interferon is not readily available in the literature. |
| Absorption | Beta interferon has a bioavailability of about 30% after subcutaneous or intramuscular administration, demonstrating peak serum concentrations within several hours of a dose. Peak interferon beta-1b concentrations are achieved between 1-8 hours post-dose, measuring about 40 IU/mL.[L12081] After injection, it is absorbed mainly by the lymphatic route.[A191859] Prescribing information for interferon beta-1b indicates a bioavailability of 50%.[L12096] Concentrations of beta interferon are detectable in the circulation 1-2 to days after administration.[A191859] |
| The average state volume of distribution for beta interferon is 0.25 L/kg to 2.88 L/kg.[L102081,L12096] Another reference mentions a volume of distribution of 120 L.[A191859] Beta interferon is distributed throughout the body after extravasation across the vascular wall into the tissue after injection. It likely does not cross the blood-brain barrier, and it is unclear whether beta interferon crosses the placenta.[A191859] | |
| Clearance | Average serum clearance in a pharmacokinetic study of beta-interferon 1b ranged from 9.4 mL/min•kg-1 to 28.9 mL/min•kg-1.[L12096] Another study revealed a clearance ranging between 0.3 to 1.4 L/h/kg.[A191859] |
| Categories | Interferon Type I |
| Patents Number | NA |
| Date of Issue | NA |
| Date of Expiry | NA |
| Drug Interaction | NA |
| Target | Interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 |
| Brand Name | NA |
| Company | NA |
| Brand Description | NA |
| Prescribed For | NA |
| Chemical Name | NA |
| Formulation | NA |
| Physical Appearance | NA |
| Route of Administration | NA |
| Recommended Dosage | NA |
| Contraindication | NA |
| Side Effects | NA |
| Useful Link 1 | Link |
| Useful Link 2 | NA |
| Remarks | NA |
| Primary information | |
|---|---|
| ID | 15716 |
| Therapeutic ID | Th1620 |
| Protein Name | Human interferon beta |
| Sequence | >Th1620_Human_interferon_beta MTNKCLLQIALLLCFSTTALSMSYNLLGFLQRSSNFQCQKLLWQLNGRLEYCLKDRMNFDIPEEIKQLQQFQKEDAALTIYEMLQNIFAIFRQDSSSTGWNETIVENLLANVYHQINHLKTVLEEKLEKEDFTRGKLMSSLHLKRYYGRILHYLKAKEYSHCAWTIVRVEILRNFYFINRLTGYLRN |
| Molecular Weight | 40036 |
| Chemical Formula | NA |
| Isoelectric Point | 9.02 |
| Hydrophobicity | -0.427 |
| Melting point | NA |
| Half-life | The mean terminal elimination half-life of interferon-beta varies from 8 minutes to about 4 hours.[A191859,L12081] |
| Description | Human interferon beta is a polypeptide used in the management of relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and was initially approved by the FDA in 1992.[L12081] Multiple Sclerosis is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that is usually progressive and significantly debilitating with a profound impact on the quality of life.[A191784] Interferon beta is currently being studied as a possible treatment for COVID-19, which results from infection with the novel 2019 SARS-CoV-2 virus.[L12078] Interferon-beta has been used in the past in clinical studies with other coronaviruses due to its demonstrated activity against the virus causing Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). It is therefore a potential drug candidate for SARS-CoV-2 based on viral genetic similarity.[A191733,L12012] |
| Indication/Disease | This drug is indicated to treat relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in adults, which includes clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, as well as active secondary progressive disease.[L12081] |
| Pharmacodynamics | Interferon-beta has antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. It reduces demyelination, the main component of Multiple Sclerosis pathophysiology, reducing the clinical frequency of MS attacks and slowing disease progression.[A191751,A191784,L12096] In vitro studies have shown that beta interferon reduces the replication of certain coronaviruses in lung tissue.[A191874] Retrospective studies using combinations of [mycophenolate mofetil] and beta interferon showed improved survival against MERS-CoV, the virus that causes Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). [A191871] |
| Mechanism of Action | Part of the pathophysiology of MS is immune cell activation in addition to degradation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), resulting in both neural demyelination and axon injury. Immunomodulating drugs such as interferon-beta decrease the inflammation that results in demyelination of nerves. Binding of interferon-beta to type 1 interferon receptors induces a series of beneficial transcriptional JAK/STAT pathway changes. This decreases antigen presentation as well as the proliferation of inflammatory T-cells, reducing the inflammation associated with MS. It also changes the expression of cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP).[A191751,A191814] |
| Toxicity | LD50 information for beta interferon is not readily available in the literature. Overdose information Following an overdose with a very high dose of beta interferon, one patient described in a case report experienced a modest rise in body temperature with diffuse limb and truncal erythema. The symptoms resolved within 24 hours. Biochemical and hematologic parameters were nonremarkable after the overdose.[A191871] In the case of an overdose, discontinue beta interferon and resume when the patient has returned to baseline function. |
| Metabolism | Data regarding the metabolism of beta interferon is not readily available in the literature. |
| Absorption | Beta interferon has a bioavailability of about 30% after subcutaneous or intramuscular administration, demonstrating peak serum concentrations within several hours of a dose. Peak interferon beta-1b concentrations are achieved between 1-8 hours post-dose, measuring about 40 IU/mL.[L12081] After injection, it is absorbed mainly by the lymphatic route.[A191859] Prescribing information for interferon beta-1b indicates a bioavailability of 50%.[L12096] Concentrations of beta interferon are detectable in the circulation 1-2 to days after administration.[A191859] |
| The average state volume of distribution for beta interferon is 0.25 L/kg to 2.88 L/kg.[L102081,L12096] Another reference mentions a volume of distribution of 120 L.[A191859] Beta interferon is distributed throughout the body after extravasation across the vascular wall into the tissue after injection. It likely does not cross the blood-brain barrier, and it is unclear whether beta interferon crosses the placenta.[A191859] | |
| Clearance | Average serum clearance in a pharmacokinetic study of beta-interferon 1b ranged from 9.4 mL/min•kg-1 to 28.9 mL/min•kg-1.[L12096] Another study revealed a clearance ranging between 0.3 to 1.4 L/h/kg.[A191859] |
| Categories | Interferons |
| Patents Number | NA |
| Date of Issue | NA |
| Date of Expiry | NA |
| Drug Interaction | NA |
| Target | Interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 |
| Brand Name | NA |
| Company | NA |
| Brand Description | NA |
| Prescribed For | NA |
| Chemical Name | NA |
| Formulation | NA |
| Physical Appearance | NA |
| Route of Administration | NA |
| Recommended Dosage | NA |
| Contraindication | NA |
| Side Effects | NA |
| Useful Link 1 | Link |
| Useful Link 2 | NA |
| Remarks | NA |
| Primary information | |
|---|---|
| ID | 15717 |
| Therapeutic ID | Th1620 |
| Protein Name | Human interferon beta |
| Sequence | >Th1620_Human_interferon_beta MTNKCLLQIALLLCFSTTALSMSYNLLGFLQRSSNFQCQKLLWQLNGRLEYCLKDRMNFDIPEEIKQLQQFQKEDAALTIYEMLQNIFAIFRQDSSSTGWNETIVENLLANVYHQINHLKTVLEEKLEKEDFTRGKLMSSLHLKRYYGRILHYLKAKEYSHCAWTIVRVEILRNFYFINRLTGYLRN |
| Molecular Weight | 40036 |
| Chemical Formula | NA |
| Isoelectric Point | 9.02 |
| Hydrophobicity | -0.427 |
| Melting point | NA |
| Half-life | The mean terminal elimination half-life of interferon-beta varies from 8 minutes to about 4 hours.[A191859,L12081] |
| Description | Human interferon beta is a polypeptide used in the management of relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and was initially approved by the FDA in 1992.[L12081] Multiple Sclerosis is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that is usually progressive and significantly debilitating with a profound impact on the quality of life.[A191784] Interferon beta is currently being studied as a possible treatment for COVID-19, which results from infection with the novel 2019 SARS-CoV-2 virus.[L12078] Interferon-beta has been used in the past in clinical studies with other coronaviruses due to its demonstrated activity against the virus causing Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). It is therefore a potential drug candidate for SARS-CoV-2 based on viral genetic similarity.[A191733,L12012] |
| Indication/Disease | This drug is indicated to treat relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in adults, which includes clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, as well as active secondary progressive disease.[L12081] |
| Pharmacodynamics | Interferon-beta has antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. It reduces demyelination, the main component of Multiple Sclerosis pathophysiology, reducing the clinical frequency of MS attacks and slowing disease progression.[A191751,A191784,L12096] In vitro studies have shown that beta interferon reduces the replication of certain coronaviruses in lung tissue.[A191874] Retrospective studies using combinations of [mycophenolate mofetil] and beta interferon showed improved survival against MERS-CoV, the virus that causes Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). [A191871] |
| Mechanism of Action | Part of the pathophysiology of MS is immune cell activation in addition to degradation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), resulting in both neural demyelination and axon injury. Immunomodulating drugs such as interferon-beta decrease the inflammation that results in demyelination of nerves. Binding of interferon-beta to type 1 interferon receptors induces a series of beneficial transcriptional JAK/STAT pathway changes. This decreases antigen presentation as well as the proliferation of inflammatory T-cells, reducing the inflammation associated with MS. It also changes the expression of cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP).[A191751,A191814] |
| Toxicity | LD50 information for beta interferon is not readily available in the literature. Overdose information Following an overdose with a very high dose of beta interferon, one patient described in a case report experienced a modest rise in body temperature with diffuse limb and truncal erythema. The symptoms resolved within 24 hours. Biochemical and hematologic parameters were nonremarkable after the overdose.[A191871] In the case of an overdose, discontinue beta interferon and resume when the patient has returned to baseline function. |
| Metabolism | Data regarding the metabolism of beta interferon is not readily available in the literature. |
| Absorption | Beta interferon has a bioavailability of about 30% after subcutaneous or intramuscular administration, demonstrating peak serum concentrations within several hours of a dose. Peak interferon beta-1b concentrations are achieved between 1-8 hours post-dose, measuring about 40 IU/mL.[L12081] After injection, it is absorbed mainly by the lymphatic route.[A191859] Prescribing information for interferon beta-1b indicates a bioavailability of 50%.[L12096] Concentrations of beta interferon are detectable in the circulation 1-2 to days after administration.[A191859] |
| The average state volume of distribution for beta interferon is 0.25 L/kg to 2.88 L/kg.[L102081,L12096] Another reference mentions a volume of distribution of 120 L.[A191859] Beta interferon is distributed throughout the body after extravasation across the vascular wall into the tissue after injection. It likely does not cross the blood-brain barrier, and it is unclear whether beta interferon crosses the placenta.[A191859] | |
| Clearance | Average serum clearance in a pharmacokinetic study of beta-interferon 1b ranged from 9.4 mL/min•kg-1 to 28.9 mL/min•kg-1.[L12096] Another study revealed a clearance ranging between 0.3 to 1.4 L/h/kg.[A191859] |
| Categories | Peptides |
| Patents Number | NA |
| Date of Issue | NA |
| Date of Expiry | NA |
| Drug Interaction | NA |
| Target | Interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 |
| Brand Name | NA |
| Company | NA |
| Brand Description | NA |
| Prescribed For | NA |
| Chemical Name | NA |
| Formulation | NA |
| Physical Appearance | NA |
| Route of Administration | NA |
| Recommended Dosage | NA |
| Contraindication | NA |
| Side Effects | NA |
| Useful Link 1 | Link |
| Useful Link 2 | NA |
| Remarks | NA |
| Primary information | |
|---|---|
| ID | 15718 |
| Therapeutic ID | Th1620 |
| Protein Name | Human interferon beta |
| Sequence | >Th1620_Human_interferon_beta MTNKCLLQIALLLCFSTTALSMSYNLLGFLQRSSNFQCQKLLWQLNGRLEYCLKDRMNFDIPEEIKQLQQFQKEDAALTIYEMLQNIFAIFRQDSSSTGWNETIVENLLANVYHQINHLKTVLEEKLEKEDFTRGKLMSSLHLKRYYGRILHYLKAKEYSHCAWTIVRVEILRNFYFINRLTGYLRN |
| Molecular Weight | 40036 |
| Chemical Formula | NA |
| Isoelectric Point | 9.02 |
| Hydrophobicity | -0.427 |
| Melting point | NA |
| Half-life | The mean terminal elimination half-life of interferon-beta varies from 8 minutes to about 4 hours.[A191859,L12081] |
| Description | Human interferon beta is a polypeptide used in the management of relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and was initially approved by the FDA in 1992.[L12081] Multiple Sclerosis is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that is usually progressive and significantly debilitating with a profound impact on the quality of life.[A191784] Interferon beta is currently being studied as a possible treatment for COVID-19, which results from infection with the novel 2019 SARS-CoV-2 virus.[L12078] Interferon-beta has been used in the past in clinical studies with other coronaviruses due to its demonstrated activity against the virus causing Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). It is therefore a potential drug candidate for SARS-CoV-2 based on viral genetic similarity.[A191733,L12012] |
| Indication/Disease | This drug is indicated to treat relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in adults, which includes clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, as well as active secondary progressive disease.[L12081] |
| Pharmacodynamics | Interferon-beta has antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. It reduces demyelination, the main component of Multiple Sclerosis pathophysiology, reducing the clinical frequency of MS attacks and slowing disease progression.[A191751,A191784,L12096] In vitro studies have shown that beta interferon reduces the replication of certain coronaviruses in lung tissue.[A191874] Retrospective studies using combinations of [mycophenolate mofetil] and beta interferon showed improved survival against MERS-CoV, the virus that causes Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). [A191871] |
| Mechanism of Action | Part of the pathophysiology of MS is immune cell activation in addition to degradation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), resulting in both neural demyelination and axon injury. Immunomodulating drugs such as interferon-beta decrease the inflammation that results in demyelination of nerves. Binding of interferon-beta to type 1 interferon receptors induces a series of beneficial transcriptional JAK/STAT pathway changes. This decreases antigen presentation as well as the proliferation of inflammatory T-cells, reducing the inflammation associated with MS. It also changes the expression of cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP).[A191751,A191814] |
| Toxicity | LD50 information for beta interferon is not readily available in the literature. Overdose information Following an overdose with a very high dose of beta interferon, one patient described in a case report experienced a modest rise in body temperature with diffuse limb and truncal erythema. The symptoms resolved within 24 hours. Biochemical and hematologic parameters were nonremarkable after the overdose.[A191871] In the case of an overdose, discontinue beta interferon and resume when the patient has returned to baseline function. |
| Metabolism | Data regarding the metabolism of beta interferon is not readily available in the literature. |
| Absorption | Beta interferon has a bioavailability of about 30% after subcutaneous or intramuscular administration, demonstrating peak serum concentrations within several hours of a dose. Peak interferon beta-1b concentrations are achieved between 1-8 hours post-dose, measuring about 40 IU/mL.[L12081] After injection, it is absorbed mainly by the lymphatic route.[A191859] Prescribing information for interferon beta-1b indicates a bioavailability of 50%.[L12096] Concentrations of beta interferon are detectable in the circulation 1-2 to days after administration.[A191859] |
| The average state volume of distribution for beta interferon is 0.25 L/kg to 2.88 L/kg.[L102081,L12096] Another reference mentions a volume of distribution of 120 L.[A191859] Beta interferon is distributed throughout the body after extravasation across the vascular wall into the tissue after injection. It likely does not cross the blood-brain barrier, and it is unclear whether beta interferon crosses the placenta.[A191859] | |
| Clearance | Average serum clearance in a pharmacokinetic study of beta-interferon 1b ranged from 9.4 mL/min•kg-1 to 28.9 mL/min•kg-1.[L12096] Another study revealed a clearance ranging between 0.3 to 1.4 L/h/kg.[A191859] |
| Categories | Proteins |
| Patents Number | NA |
| Date of Issue | NA |
| Date of Expiry | NA |
| Drug Interaction | NA |
| Target | Interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 |
| Brand Name | NA |
| Company | NA |
| Brand Description | NA |
| Prescribed For | NA |
| Chemical Name | NA |
| Formulation | NA |
| Physical Appearance | NA |
| Route of Administration | NA |
| Recommended Dosage | NA |
| Contraindication | NA |
| Side Effects | NA |
| Useful Link 1 | Link |
| Useful Link 2 | NA |
| Remarks | NA |