Detailed description page of ThPDB2
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Th1583 details |
| Primary information | |
|---|---|
| ID | 15296 |
| Therapeutic ID | Th1583 |
| Protein Name | Crotalus adamanteus antivenin |
| Sequence | >Th1583_Crotalus_adamanteus_antivenin MEGMALYLVAALLIGFPASSFGALYTFITPGVLRTDTEEKILVEAHGDNAPKQLDISVHDFPRKQKILYQTRVDMNPAGGMLVTPTITIPAKDLNKDSRQNQYVVVQVTAPGLRLEKVVLLSYQSGFVFIQTDKGIYTPGSPVRYRVFSMDHNMHRMDKTVIVEFQTPQGIVVSSNPVNPASSLIRPYNLPELVSFGTWKAVAKYENSPEESYTALFDVREYVLPGFEVRVQPSEKFLYIDGNTDFHVSITARYLYGKRVEGVAFVLFGVKIDGNKKSIPESLTRIPIIDGDGEATLERHTLSRRFQRLNDLVGHNLYVSVTVITDSGSDMVVTEQSGIHIVTSPYQISFTKTPKYFKPGMPYELMVYVTNPDGSPAANVPVVSESIHSKGTTLSDGTAKLILNTPLNIQSLSITVKTNHRDLPRERQAMKSMTATAYQTQGGSGNYLHIAITSTEIKPGDNLPVSFNVRGNANSLNQIQYFTYLILTKGKIFKVGRQPRGAGQNLVTMTLPITPDLIPSFRFLAYYQVGNSEIVADSVWVDVKDTCMGTLVVKGASSRDNRIQKPGAAMKIKLEGDPGARVGLVAVDKAVYVLSDEYKISQTKIWDTIEKSDFGCTAGSGQNNLGVFEDAGLALATSTSLNTKQRSDAKCPQPENRRRRRSVVLLDSKASKAAQFPDQALRKCCEDGMHENPMGYSCEKREKYIQEGDACKAAFLECCRYIKGIHDENKREDELFLARSDFEDEFFGEDNIISRSDFPESWLWLTENLNAVPNNEGISSKTVPFYLRDSITTWEVLAVSITPTKGICVAEPYEITVMKDFFIDLRLPYSVVKNEQVEVRAILYNYVDDDIDVRVELLHNPAFCSVATETQRYRTQVTIKALSSWAVPFVIVPLQQGLHDIEVRASVRGQLASDGVKKKLKVVPEGMRKDIVTVIELDPSTKGVGGTQEQLVKANELDGKVPDTEIETKISVQGDRVAQIVENSIDGNKLSHLIITPSGCGEQNMITMTPSVIATYYLDTTGQWETLGVDRRTEAVQQIKKGYAQQLVYKKADHSYAAFVNRDSSSWLTAYVVKVFAMATKVVPDISHEIICGGVKWLILNRQQPDGVFKENAPVIHGEMLGGTKGAEPEVSLTAFILIALLESRSICNEHINILESSINKAADYLLKKYEKLQRPYTTALTAYALAAAGLLNDDRVLMAASTERNRWEEHNAYTYNIEGTSYALLALLKMEKFAEANPVVRWLTDQKYYGGTYGQTQATVVGFQGLAEYEIAMPSHKDLNLDIVIKLPEREVPISYRIDATNALRAQTTETKLNEDFTVSASGDGKATMTILTVYNAQLREDANVCNQFHLEVSVERIDSNLKQAKGAKETLKLKICTRYLGEVDSTMTIIDVSMLTGFLPDAEDLTRLSKGVDRYISKFEIDNNMAQKGAVIIYLDKVSHSEDECLQFRIQKHFEVGFIQPGSVKVYSYYNLDEQCTRFYHPDKGTGLLNKICHGNVCRCAEETCSLLNQQKKIDLQLRIQKACEPNVDYVYKAKLLRIEEKDASDIYVMDVLEVIKGGTDRNPQAKPRQYVSQRKCQEALNLKVNNDYLIWGLSSDLWHKKDEISYLITRNTWIERWPNEDECQDEEFQNLCNDFTQLSNTLTIFGCPN |
| Molecular Weight | NA |
| Chemical Formula | NA |
| Isoelectric Point | NA |
| Hydrophobicity | NA |
| Melting point | NA |
| Half-life | 12 to 23 hours [FDA label] |
| Description | Each year it is estimated there are 45,000 snakebites in the US and 300,000 to 400,000 bites worldwide. About 8000 of these snakebites involve venomous snake species. The majority of people bitten are males and about 50% occur in the age group of 18 to 28 [F116]. The eastern diamondback rattlesnake is the largest of the 32 species of rattlesnake currently recognized. They are large, heavy-bodied snakes with large, broad heads with two light lines on the face [L2877]. Crotalus adamanteus antivenin is derived and purified immunoglobulin fragments obtained from other domestic animals such as sheep previously immunized with Crotalus adamanteus (Eastern Diamondback rattlesnake). The final purified antivenin product is obtained by mixing other different monospecific snake antivenins and isolating the antivenin of interest through fractionation and chromatography techniques. It is intravenously administered to limit systemic toxicity [FDA label]. |
| Indication/Disease | Indicated for North American crotalid envenomation by Crotalinae rattlesnakes (eg, cottonmouths/water moccasins, copperheads, rattlesnakes) [FDA label], [L2874]. |
| Pharmacodynamics | Reverses the effects of envenomation with Crotalus adamanteus [FDA label]. The Crotalidae family produces venoms which are generally necrolytic and hemolyzing to tissues. Hemorrhagins in crotalid venom is toxic to the blood vessels and therefore cause hemorrhage and edema at the wound site, in addition to systemic hemorrhage and shock. Significant anemia is observed due to hemolysis and extravasation of blood due to damaged vessels. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has been observed in some cases. The most frequent initial clinical pathological changes include echinocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis and prolonged activated clotting time. In general, edema and erythema along with fang marks may be seen at the site of bite although it is tough to identify due to thick hair coat in animals [L2889]. |
| Mechanism of Action | CROFAB consists of venom-specific Fab fragments of immunoglobulin G (IgG) that work by binding to and neutralizing venom toxins, facilitating their redistribution away from target tissues and their elimination from the body [FDA label]. CROFAB contains only the Fab fragments from ovine-derived immunoglobulins. The enzyme papain is used to cleave the IgG antibody, creating 2 separate Fab fragments and 1 Fc fragment. After the cleavage step, another protein binds to the Fc fragments, which are not essential for binding snake venom, allowing the pure Fab fragments to be recovered. The Fab fragments of an immunoglobulin contain the variable regions that recognize and bind to specific antigens [FDA label]. |
| Toxicity | Most common adverse reactions (incidence =5% of subjects): urticaria, rash, nausea, pruritus and back pain. Allergic reaction (severe hives and a severe rash and pruritus) has been observed following treatment. Recurrent coagulopathy due to envenomation and requiring additional treatment may occur [FDA label]. CROFAB contains purified immunoglobulin fragments from the blood of sheep that have been immunized with snake venoms. Injection of heterologous animal proteins can lead to severe acute and delayed hypersensitivity reactions (late serum reaction or serum sickness) and a possible febrile response to immune complexes formed by animal antibodies and neutralized venom components [FDA label]. _Papain_ enzyme is used to cleave antibodies into fragments during the processing of CROFAB, and negligible amounts of papain or inactivated papain residues may be present. Patients allergic to papain, chymopapain, other papaya extracts, or the pineapple enzyme bromelain may also have an allergic reaction to CROFAB. Certain dust mite allergens and some latex allergens share antigenic structures with papain and patients with these allergies may be allergic to papain [FDA label]. |
| Metabolism | NA |
| Absorption | NA |
| NA | |
| Clearance | This product was shown to have a systemic clearance of 32 mL/minute (approximately 0.4 mL/minute/kg) [L2880]. |
| Categories | Antivenin |
| Patents Number | NA |
| Date of Issue | NA |
| Date of Expiry | NA |
| Drug Interaction | NA |
| Target | Group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 |
| Brand Name | CroFab |
| Company | BTG International Inc. |
| Brand Description | BTG International Inc. |
| Prescribed For | Intravenous |
| Chemical Name | NA |
| Formulation | CROFAB should not be administered to patients with a known history of hypersensitivity to papaya or papain unless the benefits outweigh the risks and appropriate management for anaphylactic reactions is readily available. |
| Physical Appearance | hives, rash, itching, and nausea. |
| Route of Administration | Crotalidae antivenin is an anti-venom used to treat a person who has been bitten by a poisonous snake such as a rattlesnake or Water Moccasin. CroFab may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. Warnings If possible before you receive CroFab, tell your doctor if you are allergic... |
| Recommended Dosage | Crofab is a prescription medicine used as an anti-venom by Crotalinae rattlesnakes (Cottonmouths/water moccasins, Copperheads, and Rattlesnakes). Crofab may be used alone or with other medications. |
| Contraindication | NA |
| Side Effects | CROFAB is standardized by its ability to neutralize the lethal action of each of the four venom immunogens following intravenous injection in mice. The potency of the product will vary from batch to batch; however, a minimum number of mouse LD50 neutralizing units against each of the four venoms is included in every vial of final product, as shown in Table 3. |
| Useful Link 1 | Link |
| Useful Link 2 | Link |
| Remarks | NA |
| Primary information | |
|---|---|
| ID | 15297 |
| Therapeutic ID | Th1583 |
| Protein Name | Crotalus adamanteus antivenin |
| Sequence | >Th1583_Crotalus_adamanteus_antivenin MEGMALYLVAALLIGFPASSFGALYTFITPGVLRTDTEEKILVEAHGDNAPKQLDISVHDFPRKQKILYQTRVDMNPAGGMLVTPTITIPAKDLNKDSRQNQYVVVQVTAPGLRLEKVVLLSYQSGFVFIQTDKGIYTPGSPVRYRVFSMDHNMHRMDKTVIVEFQTPQGIVVSSNPVNPASSLIRPYNLPELVSFGTWKAVAKYENSPEESYTALFDVREYVLPGFEVRVQPSEKFLYIDGNTDFHVSITARYLYGKRVEGVAFVLFGVKIDGNKKSIPESLTRIPIIDGDGEATLERHTLSRRFQRLNDLVGHNLYVSVTVITDSGSDMVVTEQSGIHIVTSPYQISFTKTPKYFKPGMPYELMVYVTNPDGSPAANVPVVSESIHSKGTTLSDGTAKLILNTPLNIQSLSITVKTNHRDLPRERQAMKSMTATAYQTQGGSGNYLHIAITSTEIKPGDNLPVSFNVRGNANSLNQIQYFTYLILTKGKIFKVGRQPRGAGQNLVTMTLPITPDLIPSFRFLAYYQVGNSEIVADSVWVDVKDTCMGTLVVKGASSRDNRIQKPGAAMKIKLEGDPGARVGLVAVDKAVYVLSDEYKISQTKIWDTIEKSDFGCTAGSGQNNLGVFEDAGLALATSTSLNTKQRSDAKCPQPENRRRRRSVVLLDSKASKAAQFPDQALRKCCEDGMHENPMGYSCEKREKYIQEGDACKAAFLECCRYIKGIHDENKREDELFLARSDFEDEFFGEDNIISRSDFPESWLWLTENLNAVPNNEGISSKTVPFYLRDSITTWEVLAVSITPTKGICVAEPYEITVMKDFFIDLRLPYSVVKNEQVEVRAILYNYVDDDIDVRVELLHNPAFCSVATETQRYRTQVTIKALSSWAVPFVIVPLQQGLHDIEVRASVRGQLASDGVKKKLKVVPEGMRKDIVTVIELDPSTKGVGGTQEQLVKANELDGKVPDTEIETKISVQGDRVAQIVENSIDGNKLSHLIITPSGCGEQNMITMTPSVIATYYLDTTGQWETLGVDRRTEAVQQIKKGYAQQLVYKKADHSYAAFVNRDSSSWLTAYVVKVFAMATKVVPDISHEIICGGVKWLILNRQQPDGVFKENAPVIHGEMLGGTKGAEPEVSLTAFILIALLESRSICNEHINILESSINKAADYLLKKYEKLQRPYTTALTAYALAAAGLLNDDRVLMAASTERNRWEEHNAYTYNIEGTSYALLALLKMEKFAEANPVVRWLTDQKYYGGTYGQTQATVVGFQGLAEYEIAMPSHKDLNLDIVIKLPEREVPISYRIDATNALRAQTTETKLNEDFTVSASGDGKATMTILTVYNAQLREDANVCNQFHLEVSVERIDSNLKQAKGAKETLKLKICTRYLGEVDSTMTIIDVSMLTGFLPDAEDLTRLSKGVDRYISKFEIDNNMAQKGAVIIYLDKVSHSEDECLQFRIQKHFEVGFIQPGSVKVYSYYNLDEQCTRFYHPDKGTGLLNKICHGNVCRCAEETCSLLNQQKKIDLQLRIQKACEPNVDYVYKAKLLRIEEKDASDIYVMDVLEVIKGGTDRNPQAKPRQYVSQRKCQEALNLKVNNDYLIWGLSSDLWHKKDEISYLITRNTWIERWPNEDECQDEEFQNLCNDFTQLSNTLTIFGCPN |
| Molecular Weight | NA |
| Chemical Formula | NA |
| Isoelectric Point | NA |
| Hydrophobicity | NA |
| Melting point | NA |
| Half-life | 12 to 23 hours [FDA label] |
| Description | Each year it is estimated there are 45,000 snakebites in the US and 300,000 to 400,000 bites worldwide. About 8000 of these snakebites involve venomous snake species. The majority of people bitten are males and about 50% occur in the age group of 18 to 28 [F116]. The eastern diamondback rattlesnake is the largest of the 32 species of rattlesnake currently recognized. They are large, heavy-bodied snakes with large, broad heads with two light lines on the face [L2877]. Crotalus adamanteus antivenin is derived and purified immunoglobulin fragments obtained from other domestic animals such as sheep previously immunized with Crotalus adamanteus (Eastern Diamondback rattlesnake). The final purified antivenin product is obtained by mixing other different monospecific snake antivenins and isolating the antivenin of interest through fractionation and chromatography techniques. It is intravenously administered to limit systemic toxicity [FDA label]. |
| Indication/Disease | Indicated for North American crotalid envenomation by Crotalinae rattlesnakes (eg, cottonmouths/water moccasins, copperheads, rattlesnakes) [FDA label], [L2874]. |
| Pharmacodynamics | Reverses the effects of envenomation with Crotalus adamanteus [FDA label]. The Crotalidae family produces venoms which are generally necrolytic and hemolyzing to tissues. Hemorrhagins in crotalid venom is toxic to the blood vessels and therefore cause hemorrhage and edema at the wound site, in addition to systemic hemorrhage and shock. Significant anemia is observed due to hemolysis and extravasation of blood due to damaged vessels. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has been observed in some cases. The most frequent initial clinical pathological changes include echinocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis and prolonged activated clotting time. In general, edema and erythema along with fang marks may be seen at the site of bite although it is tough to identify due to thick hair coat in animals [L2889]. |
| Mechanism of Action | CROFAB consists of venom-specific Fab fragments of immunoglobulin G (IgG) that work by binding to and neutralizing venom toxins, facilitating their redistribution away from target tissues and their elimination from the body [FDA label]. CROFAB contains only the Fab fragments from ovine-derived immunoglobulins. The enzyme papain is used to cleave the IgG antibody, creating 2 separate Fab fragments and 1 Fc fragment. After the cleavage step, another protein binds to the Fc fragments, which are not essential for binding snake venom, allowing the pure Fab fragments to be recovered. The Fab fragments of an immunoglobulin contain the variable regions that recognize and bind to specific antigens [FDA label]. |
| Toxicity | Most common adverse reactions (incidence =5% of subjects): urticaria, rash, nausea, pruritus and back pain. Allergic reaction (severe hives and a severe rash and pruritus) has been observed following treatment. Recurrent coagulopathy due to envenomation and requiring additional treatment may occur [FDA label]. CROFAB contains purified immunoglobulin fragments from the blood of sheep that have been immunized with snake venoms. Injection of heterologous animal proteins can lead to severe acute and delayed hypersensitivity reactions (late serum reaction or serum sickness) and a possible febrile response to immune complexes formed by animal antibodies and neutralized venom components [FDA label]. _Papain_ enzyme is used to cleave antibodies into fragments during the processing of CROFAB, and negligible amounts of papain or inactivated papain residues may be present. Patients allergic to papain, chymopapain, other papaya extracts, or the pineapple enzyme bromelain may also have an allergic reaction to CROFAB. Certain dust mite allergens and some latex allergens share antigenic structures with papain and patients with these allergies may be allergic to papain [FDA label]. |
| Metabolism | NA |
| Absorption | NA |
| NA | |
| Clearance | This product was shown to have a systemic clearance of 32 mL/minute (approximately 0.4 mL/minute/kg) [L2880]. |
| Categories | Passively Acquired Immunity |
| Patents Number | NA |
| Date of Issue | NA |
| Date of Expiry | NA |
| Drug Interaction | NA |
| Target | Group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 |
| Brand Name | NA |
| Company | NA |
| Brand Description | NA |
| Prescribed For | NA |
| Chemical Name | NA |
| Formulation | NA |
| Physical Appearance | NA |
| Route of Administration | NA |
| Recommended Dosage | NA |
| Contraindication | NA |
| Side Effects | NA |
| Useful Link 1 | Link |
| Useful Link 2 | NA |
| Remarks | NA |
| Primary information | |
|---|---|
| ID | 15298 |
| Therapeutic ID | Th1583 |
| Protein Name | Crotalus adamanteus antivenin |
| Sequence | >Th1583_Crotalus_adamanteus_antivenin MEGMALYLVAALLIGFPASSFGALYTFITPGVLRTDTEEKILVEAHGDNAPKQLDISVHDFPRKQKILYQTRVDMNPAGGMLVTPTITIPAKDLNKDSRQNQYVVVQVTAPGLRLEKVVLLSYQSGFVFIQTDKGIYTPGSPVRYRVFSMDHNMHRMDKTVIVEFQTPQGIVVSSNPVNPASSLIRPYNLPELVSFGTWKAVAKYENSPEESYTALFDVREYVLPGFEVRVQPSEKFLYIDGNTDFHVSITARYLYGKRVEGVAFVLFGVKIDGNKKSIPESLTRIPIIDGDGEATLERHTLSRRFQRLNDLVGHNLYVSVTVITDSGSDMVVTEQSGIHIVTSPYQISFTKTPKYFKPGMPYELMVYVTNPDGSPAANVPVVSESIHSKGTTLSDGTAKLILNTPLNIQSLSITVKTNHRDLPRERQAMKSMTATAYQTQGGSGNYLHIAITSTEIKPGDNLPVSFNVRGNANSLNQIQYFTYLILTKGKIFKVGRQPRGAGQNLVTMTLPITPDLIPSFRFLAYYQVGNSEIVADSVWVDVKDTCMGTLVVKGASSRDNRIQKPGAAMKIKLEGDPGARVGLVAVDKAVYVLSDEYKISQTKIWDTIEKSDFGCTAGSGQNNLGVFEDAGLALATSTSLNTKQRSDAKCPQPENRRRRRSVVLLDSKASKAAQFPDQALRKCCEDGMHENPMGYSCEKREKYIQEGDACKAAFLECCRYIKGIHDENKREDELFLARSDFEDEFFGEDNIISRSDFPESWLWLTENLNAVPNNEGISSKTVPFYLRDSITTWEVLAVSITPTKGICVAEPYEITVMKDFFIDLRLPYSVVKNEQVEVRAILYNYVDDDIDVRVELLHNPAFCSVATETQRYRTQVTIKALSSWAVPFVIVPLQQGLHDIEVRASVRGQLASDGVKKKLKVVPEGMRKDIVTVIELDPSTKGVGGTQEQLVKANELDGKVPDTEIETKISVQGDRVAQIVENSIDGNKLSHLIITPSGCGEQNMITMTPSVIATYYLDTTGQWETLGVDRRTEAVQQIKKGYAQQLVYKKADHSYAAFVNRDSSSWLTAYVVKVFAMATKVVPDISHEIICGGVKWLILNRQQPDGVFKENAPVIHGEMLGGTKGAEPEVSLTAFILIALLESRSICNEHINILESSINKAADYLLKKYEKLQRPYTTALTAYALAAAGLLNDDRVLMAASTERNRWEEHNAYTYNIEGTSYALLALLKMEKFAEANPVVRWLTDQKYYGGTYGQTQATVVGFQGLAEYEIAMPSHKDLNLDIVIKLPEREVPISYRIDATNALRAQTTETKLNEDFTVSASGDGKATMTILTVYNAQLREDANVCNQFHLEVSVERIDSNLKQAKGAKETLKLKICTRYLGEVDSTMTIIDVSMLTGFLPDAEDLTRLSKGVDRYISKFEIDNNMAQKGAVIIYLDKVSHSEDECLQFRIQKHFEVGFIQPGSVKVYSYYNLDEQCTRFYHPDKGTGLLNKICHGNVCRCAEETCSLLNQQKKIDLQLRIQKACEPNVDYVYKAKLLRIEEKDASDIYVMDVLEVIKGGTDRNPQAKPRQYVSQRKCQEALNLKVNNDYLIWGLSSDLWHKKDEISYLITRNTWIERWPNEDECQDEEFQNLCNDFTQLSNTLTIFGCPN |
| Molecular Weight | NA |
| Chemical Formula | NA |
| Isoelectric Point | NA |
| Hydrophobicity | NA |
| Melting point | NA |
| Half-life | 12 to 23 hours [FDA label] |
| Description | Each year it is estimated there are 45,000 snakebites in the US and 300,000 to 400,000 bites worldwide. About 8000 of these snakebites involve venomous snake species. The majority of people bitten are males and about 50% occur in the age group of 18 to 28 [F116]. The eastern diamondback rattlesnake is the largest of the 32 species of rattlesnake currently recognized. They are large, heavy-bodied snakes with large, broad heads with two light lines on the face [L2877]. Crotalus adamanteus antivenin is derived and purified immunoglobulin fragments obtained from other domestic animals such as sheep previously immunized with Crotalus adamanteus (Eastern Diamondback rattlesnake). The final purified antivenin product is obtained by mixing other different monospecific snake antivenins and isolating the antivenin of interest through fractionation and chromatography techniques. It is intravenously administered to limit systemic toxicity [FDA label]. |
| Indication/Disease | Indicated for North American crotalid envenomation by Crotalinae rattlesnakes (eg, cottonmouths/water moccasins, copperheads, rattlesnakes) [FDA label], [L2874]. |
| Pharmacodynamics | Reverses the effects of envenomation with Crotalus adamanteus [FDA label]. The Crotalidae family produces venoms which are generally necrolytic and hemolyzing to tissues. Hemorrhagins in crotalid venom is toxic to the blood vessels and therefore cause hemorrhage and edema at the wound site, in addition to systemic hemorrhage and shock. Significant anemia is observed due to hemolysis and extravasation of blood due to damaged vessels. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has been observed in some cases. The most frequent initial clinical pathological changes include echinocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis and prolonged activated clotting time. In general, edema and erythema along with fang marks may be seen at the site of bite although it is tough to identify due to thick hair coat in animals [L2889]. |
| Mechanism of Action | CROFAB consists of venom-specific Fab fragments of immunoglobulin G (IgG) that work by binding to and neutralizing venom toxins, facilitating their redistribution away from target tissues and their elimination from the body [FDA label]. CROFAB contains only the Fab fragments from ovine-derived immunoglobulins. The enzyme papain is used to cleave the IgG antibody, creating 2 separate Fab fragments and 1 Fc fragment. After the cleavage step, another protein binds to the Fc fragments, which are not essential for binding snake venom, allowing the pure Fab fragments to be recovered. The Fab fragments of an immunoglobulin contain the variable regions that recognize and bind to specific antigens [FDA label]. |
| Toxicity | Most common adverse reactions (incidence =5% of subjects): urticaria, rash, nausea, pruritus and back pain. Allergic reaction (severe hives and a severe rash and pruritus) has been observed following treatment. Recurrent coagulopathy due to envenomation and requiring additional treatment may occur [FDA label]. CROFAB contains purified immunoglobulin fragments from the blood of sheep that have been immunized with snake venoms. Injection of heterologous animal proteins can lead to severe acute and delayed hypersensitivity reactions (late serum reaction or serum sickness) and a possible febrile response to immune complexes formed by animal antibodies and neutralized venom components [FDA label]. _Papain_ enzyme is used to cleave antibodies into fragments during the processing of CROFAB, and negligible amounts of papain or inactivated papain residues may be present. Patients allergic to papain, chymopapain, other papaya extracts, or the pineapple enzyme bromelain may also have an allergic reaction to CROFAB. Certain dust mite allergens and some latex allergens share antigenic structures with papain and patients with these allergies may be allergic to papain [FDA label]. |
| Metabolism | NA |
| Absorption | NA |
| NA | |
| Clearance | This product was shown to have a systemic clearance of 32 mL/minute (approximately 0.4 mL/minute/kg) [L2880]. |
| Categories | Venom Neutralization |
| Patents Number | NA |
| Date of Issue | NA |
| Date of Expiry | NA |
| Drug Interaction | NA |
| Target | Group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 |
| Brand Name | NA |
| Company | NA |
| Brand Description | NA |
| Prescribed For | NA |
| Chemical Name | NA |
| Formulation | NA |
| Physical Appearance | NA |
| Route of Administration | NA |
| Recommended Dosage | NA |
| Contraindication | NA |
| Side Effects | NA |
| Useful Link 1 | Link |
| Useful Link 2 | NA |
| Remarks | NA |