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Th1027 details
Primary information
ID10205
Therapeutic IDTh1027
Protein NameInsulin Regular
Sequence>Th1027_Insulin_Regular GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN
Molecular Weight5808
Chemical FormulaC257H383N65O77S6
Isoelectric Point5.39
Hydrophobicity0.218
Melting point81
Half-life2-3.4 hours
DescriptionInsulin regular is a 51 residue peptide hormone, composed of two amino acid chains covalently linked by disulfide bonds. The structure is identical to native human insulin. Recombinant insulin is synthesized by recombinant DNA techncology. Inserting the human insulin gene into the Escherichia coli bacteria or Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces insulin for human use.
Indication/DiseaseIndicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and children with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
PharmacodynamicsInsulin regular is a short-acting insulin. When subcutaneously administered, the onset of action (as evidenced by a decrease in glucose level) occurs 30 minutes post-dose. Maximal effect occurs between 1.5 and 3.5 hours post-dose. The glucose-lowering effect occurs 8 hours post-dose. Compared to other rapid-acting insulin analogs, insulin regular has a slower onset of action and longer duration of action.
Mechanism of ActionThe primary activity of insulin is the regulation of glucose metabolism. Insulin promotes glucose and amino acid uptake into muscle and adipose tissues, and other tissues except brain and liver. It also has an anabolic role in stimulating glycogen, fatty acid, and protein synthesis. Insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis in the liver. Insulin binds to the insulin receptor (IR), a heterotetrameric protein consisting of two extracellular alpha units and two transmembrane beta units. The binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of IR stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity intrinsic to the beta subunit of the receptor. The bound receptor is able to autophosphorylate and phosphorylate numerous intracellular substrates such as insulin receptor substrates (IRS) proteins, Cbl, APS, Shc and Gab 1. These activated proteins, in turn, lead to the activation of downstream signaling molecules including PI3 kinase and Akt. Akt regulates the activity of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and protein kinase C (PKC) which play a critical role in metabolism and catabolism.
ToxicityHypoglycemia is caused due to insulin toxicity.
MetabolismPredominantly cleared by metabolic degradation via a receptor-mediated process.
AbsorptionGenerally well absorbed.
0.15 L/kg
ClearanceNA
CategoriesAlimentary Tract and Metabolism, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins, Blood Glucose Lowering Agents, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers (strength unknown), Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers, Drugs Used in Diabetes, Hormones, Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists, Hypoglycemia-Associated Agents, Insulin, Insulin, metabolism, Insulin, Short-Acting, Insulins and Analogues for Injection, Fast-Acting, Pancreatic Hormones, Peptide Hormones, Peptides
Patents NumberNA
Date of IssueNA
Date of ExpiryNA
Drug InteractionLiraglutide's coadministration may increase the risk of hypoglycemia. A lower dose of the antidiabetic agent may be needed.
TargetInsulin receptor,Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor,Retinoblastoma-associated protein,Cathepsin D,Insulin-degrading enzyme,Neuroendocrine convertase 2,Carboxypeptidase E,Neuroendocrine convertase 1,Protein NOV homolog,Low-density lipoprotein receptor-r
Brand NameHumulin R
CompanyEli Lilly and Company
Brand DescriptionEli Lilly and Company
Prescribed ForTreating diabetes mellitus.
Chemical NameNA
FormulationIt contains human insulin (rDNA origin) 100 units/mL, glycerin 16 mg/mL and metacresol 2.5 mg/mL, endogenous zinc (approximately 0.015 mg/100 units) and water for injection. The pH is 7.0 to 7.8. Sodiumhydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid may be added durin
Physical Appearance Sterile, clear, aqueous, and colorless solution
Route of AdministrationSubcutaneous Injection in the abdominal wall, the
Recommended DosageHumulin R (insulin (human recombinant)) U-100, when used subcutaneously, is usually given three or more times daily before meals. The average range of total daily insulin requirement for maintenance therapy in insulin-treated patients without severe insulin resistance lies between 0.5 and 1 unit/kg/day.
ContraindicationDuring episodes of hypoglycemia and in patients hypersensitive to humulin R.
Side EffectsRash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue; wheezing; muscle pain; changes in vision; chills; confusion; dizziness; drowsiness; fainting; fast or irregular heartbeat; headache; loss of apetite.
Useful Link 1Link
Useful Link 2NA
RemarksNA


Primary information
ID10206
Therapeutic IDTh1027
Protein NameInsulin Regular
Sequence>Th1027_Insulin_Regular GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN
Molecular Weight5808
Chemical FormulaC257H383N65O77S6
Isoelectric Point5.39
Hydrophobicity0.218
Melting point81
Half-life2-3.4 hours
DescriptionInsulin regular is a 51 residue peptide hormone, composed of two amino acid chains covalently linked by disulfide bonds. The structure is identical to native human insulin. Recombinant insulin is synthesized by recombinant DNA techncology. Inserting the human insulin gene into the Escherichia coli bacteria or Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces insulin for human use.
Indication/DiseaseIndicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and children with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
PharmacodynamicsInsulin regular is a short-acting insulin. When subcutaneously administered, the onset of action (as evidenced by a decrease in glucose level) occurs 30 minutes post-dose. Maximal effect occurs between 1.5 and 3.5 hours post-dose. The glucose-lowering effect occurs 8 hours post-dose. Compared to other rapid-acting insulin analogs, insulin regular has a slower onset of action and longer duration of action.
Mechanism of ActionThe primary activity of insulin is the regulation of glucose metabolism. Insulin promotes glucose and amino acid uptake into muscle and adipose tissues, and other tissues except brain and liver. It also has an anabolic role in stimulating glycogen, fatty acid, and protein synthesis. Insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis in the liver. Insulin binds to the insulin receptor (IR), a heterotetrameric protein consisting of two extracellular alpha units and two transmembrane beta units. The binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of IR stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity intrinsic to the beta subunit of the receptor. The bound receptor is able to autophosphorylate and phosphorylate numerous intracellular substrates such as insulin receptor substrates (IRS) proteins, Cbl, APS, Shc and Gab 1. These activated proteins, in turn, lead to the activation of downstream signaling molecules including PI3 kinase and Akt. Akt regulates the activity of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and protein kinase C (PKC) which play a critical role in metabolism and catabolism.
ToxicityHypoglycemia is caused due to insulin toxicity.
MetabolismPredominantly cleared by metabolic degradation via a receptor-mediated process.
AbsorptionGenerally well absorbed.
0.15 L/kg
ClearanceNA
CategoriesAlimentary Tract and Metabolism, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins, Blood Glucose Lowering Agents, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers (strength unknown), Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers, Drugs Used in Diabetes, Hormones, Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists, Hypoglycemia-Associated Agents, Insulin, Insulin, metabolism, Insulin, Short-Acting, Insulins and Analogues for Injection, Fast-Acting, Pancreatic Hormones, Peptide Hormones, Peptides
Patents NumberNA
Date of IssueNA
Date of ExpiryNA
Drug InteractionNA
TargetNA
Brand NameACTRAPID INJECTION 100 IU/ml
CompanyNOVO NORDISK PHARMA (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD
Brand DescriptionNOVO NORDISK PHARMA (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD
Prescribed ForNA
Chemical NameNA
FormulationNA
Physical Appearance NA
Route of AdministrationNA
Recommended DosageNA
ContraindicationNA
Side EffectsNA
Useful Link 1Link
Useful Link 2NA
RemarksNA


Primary information
ID10207
Therapeutic IDTh1027
Protein NameInsulin Regular
Sequence>Th1027_Insulin_Regular GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN
Molecular Weight5808
Chemical FormulaC257H383N65O77S6
Isoelectric Point5.39
Hydrophobicity0.218
Melting point81
Half-life2-3.4 hours
DescriptionInsulin regular is a 51 residue peptide hormone, composed of two amino acid chains covalently linked by disulfide bonds. The structure is identical to native human insulin. Recombinant insulin is synthesized by recombinant DNA techncology. Inserting the human insulin gene into the Escherichia coli bacteria or Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces insulin for human use.
Indication/DiseaseIndicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and children with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
PharmacodynamicsInsulin regular is a short-acting insulin. When subcutaneously administered, the onset of action (as evidenced by a decrease in glucose level) occurs 30 minutes post-dose. Maximal effect occurs between 1.5 and 3.5 hours post-dose. The glucose-lowering effect occurs 8 hours post-dose. Compared to other rapid-acting insulin analogs, insulin regular has a slower onset of action and longer duration of action.
Mechanism of ActionThe primary activity of insulin is the regulation of glucose metabolism. Insulin promotes glucose and amino acid uptake into muscle and adipose tissues, and other tissues except brain and liver. It also has an anabolic role in stimulating glycogen, fatty acid, and protein synthesis. Insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis in the liver. Insulin binds to the insulin receptor (IR), a heterotetrameric protein consisting of two extracellular alpha units and two transmembrane beta units. The binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of IR stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity intrinsic to the beta subunit of the receptor. The bound receptor is able to autophosphorylate and phosphorylate numerous intracellular substrates such as insulin receptor substrates (IRS) proteins, Cbl, APS, Shc and Gab 1. These activated proteins, in turn, lead to the activation of downstream signaling molecules including PI3 kinase and Akt. Akt regulates the activity of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and protein kinase C (PKC) which play a critical role in metabolism and catabolism.
ToxicityHypoglycemia is caused due to insulin toxicity.
MetabolismPredominantly cleared by metabolic degradation via a receptor-mediated process.
AbsorptionGenerally well absorbed.
0.15 L/kg
ClearanceNA
CategoriesAlimentary Tract and Metabolism, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins, Blood Glucose Lowering Agents, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers (strength unknown), Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers, Drugs Used in Diabetes, Hormones, Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists, Hypoglycemia-Associated Agents, Insulin, Insulin, metabolism, Insulin, Short-Acting, Insulins and Analogues for Injection, Fast-Acting, Pancreatic Hormones, Peptide Hormones, Peptides
Patents NumberNA
Date of IssueNA
Date of ExpiryNA
Drug InteractionNA
TargetNA
Brand NameINSULATARD INJECTION 100 iu/ml
CompanyNOVO NORDISK PHARMA (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD
Brand DescriptionNOVO NORDISK PHARMA (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD
Prescribed ForNA
Chemical NameNA
FormulationNA
Physical Appearance NA
Route of AdministrationNA
Recommended DosageNA
ContraindicationNA
Side EffectsNA
Useful Link 1Link
Useful Link 2NA
RemarksNA


Primary information
ID10208
Therapeutic IDTh1027
Protein NameInsulin Regular
Sequence>Th1027_Insulin_Regular GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN
Molecular Weight5808
Chemical FormulaC257H383N65O77S6
Isoelectric Point5.39
Hydrophobicity0.218
Melting point81
Half-life2-3.4 hours
DescriptionInsulin regular is a 51 residue peptide hormone, composed of two amino acid chains covalently linked by disulfide bonds. The structure is identical to native human insulin. Recombinant insulin is synthesized by recombinant DNA techncology. Inserting the human insulin gene into the Escherichia coli bacteria or Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces insulin for human use.
Indication/DiseaseIndicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and children with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
PharmacodynamicsInsulin regular is a short-acting insulin. When subcutaneously administered, the onset of action (as evidenced by a decrease in glucose level) occurs 30 minutes post-dose. Maximal effect occurs between 1.5 and 3.5 hours post-dose. The glucose-lowering effect occurs 8 hours post-dose. Compared to other rapid-acting insulin analogs, insulin regular has a slower onset of action and longer duration of action.
Mechanism of ActionThe primary activity of insulin is the regulation of glucose metabolism. Insulin promotes glucose and amino acid uptake into muscle and adipose tissues, and other tissues except brain and liver. It also has an anabolic role in stimulating glycogen, fatty acid, and protein synthesis. Insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis in the liver. Insulin binds to the insulin receptor (IR), a heterotetrameric protein consisting of two extracellular alpha units and two transmembrane beta units. The binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of IR stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity intrinsic to the beta subunit of the receptor. The bound receptor is able to autophosphorylate and phosphorylate numerous intracellular substrates such as insulin receptor substrates (IRS) proteins, Cbl, APS, Shc and Gab 1. These activated proteins, in turn, lead to the activation of downstream signaling molecules including PI3 kinase and Akt. Akt regulates the activity of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and protein kinase C (PKC) which play a critical role in metabolism and catabolism.
ToxicityHypoglycemia is caused due to insulin toxicity.
MetabolismPredominantly cleared by metabolic degradation via a receptor-mediated process.
AbsorptionGenerally well absorbed.
0.15 L/kg
ClearanceNA
CategoriesAlimentary Tract and Metabolism, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins, Blood Glucose Lowering Agents, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers (strength unknown), Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers, Drugs Used in Diabetes, Hormones, Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists, Hypoglycemia-Associated Agents, Insulin, Insulin, metabolism, Insulin, Short-Acting, Insulins and Analogues for Injection, Fast-Acting, Pancreatic Hormones, Peptide Hormones, Peptides
Patents NumberNA
Date of IssueNA
Date of ExpiryNA
Drug InteractionNA
TargetNA
Brand NameNovolin R
CompanyNovo Nordisk
Brand DescriptionNovo Nordisk
Prescribed ForUsed for the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus, for the control of hyperglycemia
Chemical NameNA
FormulationIt contains human insulin (rDNA origin) 100 units/mL, glycerol 16 mg/mL, metacresol 3 mg/mL, zinc chloride approximately 7 mcg/mL and water for injection. The pH is adjusted to 7.4. Hydrochloric acid 2N or sodium hydroxide 2N may be added to adjust pH. No
Physical Appearance Sterile, clear, aqueous, and colorless solution
Route of AdministrationSubcutaneous and Intravenous infusion
Recommended DosageThe injection of Novolin R (recombinant dna origin) should be followed by a meal within approximately 30 minutes of administration The average range of total daily insulin requirement for maintenance therapy in insulin-treated patients lies between 0.5 and 1.0 IU/kg.
ContraindicationDuring episodes of hypoglycemia and in patients with hypersensitivity to Novolin R
Side EffectsHypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, is the most common side effect. Symptoms include headache, hunger, dizziness, sweating, irritability, trouble concentrating, rapid breathing, fast heartbeat, fainting, or seizure (severe hypoglycemia can be fatal).
Useful Link 1Link
Useful Link 2NA
RemarksNA


Primary information
ID10209
Therapeutic IDTh1027
Protein NameInsulin Regular
Sequence>Th1027_Insulin_Regular GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN
Molecular Weight5808
Chemical FormulaC257H383N65O77S6
Isoelectric Point5.39
Hydrophobicity0.218
Melting point81
Half-life2-3.4 hours
DescriptionInsulin regular is a 51 residue peptide hormone, composed of two amino acid chains covalently linked by disulfide bonds. The structure is identical to native human insulin. Recombinant insulin is synthesized by recombinant DNA techncology. Inserting the human insulin gene into the Escherichia coli bacteria or Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces insulin for human use.
Indication/DiseaseIndicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and children with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
PharmacodynamicsInsulin regular is a short-acting insulin. When subcutaneously administered, the onset of action (as evidenced by a decrease in glucose level) occurs 30 minutes post-dose. Maximal effect occurs between 1.5 and 3.5 hours post-dose. The glucose-lowering effect occurs 8 hours post-dose. Compared to other rapid-acting insulin analogs, insulin regular has a slower onset of action and longer duration of action.
Mechanism of ActionThe primary activity of insulin is the regulation of glucose metabolism. Insulin promotes glucose and amino acid uptake into muscle and adipose tissues, and other tissues except brain and liver. It also has an anabolic role in stimulating glycogen, fatty acid, and protein synthesis. Insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis in the liver. Insulin binds to the insulin receptor (IR), a heterotetrameric protein consisting of two extracellular alpha units and two transmembrane beta units. The binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of IR stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity intrinsic to the beta subunit of the receptor. The bound receptor is able to autophosphorylate and phosphorylate numerous intracellular substrates such as insulin receptor substrates (IRS) proteins, Cbl, APS, Shc and Gab 1. These activated proteins, in turn, lead to the activation of downstream signaling molecules including PI3 kinase and Akt. Akt regulates the activity of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and protein kinase C (PKC) which play a critical role in metabolism and catabolism.
ToxicityHypoglycemia is caused due to insulin toxicity.
MetabolismPredominantly cleared by metabolic degradation via a receptor-mediated process.
AbsorptionGenerally well absorbed.
0.15 L/kg
ClearanceNA
CategoriesAlimentary Tract and Metabolism, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins, Blood Glucose Lowering Agents, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers (strength unknown), Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers, Drugs Used in Diabetes, Hormones, Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists, Hypoglycemia-Associated Agents, Insulin, Insulin, metabolism, Insulin, Short-Acting, Insulins and Analogues for Injection, Fast-Acting, Pancreatic Hormones, Peptide Hormones, Peptides
Patents NumberNA
Date of IssueNA
Date of ExpiryNA
Drug InteractionNA
TargetNA
Brand NameNA
CompanyNA
Brand DescriptionNA
Prescribed ForNA
Chemical NameNA
FormulationNA
Physical Appearance NA
Route of AdministrationNA
Recommended DosageNA
ContraindicationNA
Side EffectsNA
Useful Link 1Link
Useful Link 2NA
RemarksNA