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| Primary information |
|---|
| ID | 13093 |
| Therapeutic ID | Th1380 |
| Protein Name | Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse) |
| Sequence | NA
|
| Molecular Weight | NA |
| Chemical Formula | NA |
| Isoelectric Point | NA |
| Hydrophobicity | NA |
| Melting point | NA |
| Half-life | The half-life of equine immunoglobulin after ATGAM infusion was found to be 5.7 ± 3.0 days in one group of recipients. The range for half-life was 1.5 to 13 days. |
| Description | Equine anti-thymocyte globulin is composed of purified gamma globulin containing primarily IgG against human thymus lymphocytes. It is formed by inoculating a horse with an antigen (human thymoyctes) which then induces the horse immune system's B-lymphocytes to produce IgG immunoglobulins specific for that antigen. The result is polyclonal IgG that is then purified from the horse's serum to produce a usable drug product that can be used for immunosuppression. Although the exact mechanism of action is unknown, equine anti-thymocyte globulin targets a variety of immune system proteins including lymphocyte surface proteins, granulocytes, platelets, bone marrow cells, and other cell types. Equine ATG is currently indicated for the suppression of the immune system to prevent renal transplant rejection and in the treatment of aplastic anemia. Induction of T cell apoptosis and resulting T-cell lymphopenia found in vivo is credited for its therapeutic effect in these conditions. There are currently various ATG products available, which differ in the source of inoculated animal (rabbit, horse, or pig) and in the type of antigen product used to produce immunoglobulin (thymocytes, peripheral T cells, etc.). |
| Indication/Disease | For prevention of renal transplant rejection and for the treatment of aplastic anemia. |
| Pharmacodynamics | NA |
| Mechanism of Action | NA |
| Toxicity | The most commonly reported adverse reactions (occurring in greater than 10% of patients) are pyrexia, chills, rash, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and arthralgia. |
| Metabolism | NA |
| Absorption | NA |
| During infusion of 10 to 15 mg/kg/day, the mean peak value (n = 27 renal transplant patients) was found to be 727 ± 310 µg/mL. |
| Clearance | NA |
| Categories | Antineoplastic and Immunomodulating Agents |
| Patents Number | NA |
| Date of Issue | NA |
| Date of Expiry | NA |
| Drug Interaction | NA |
| Target | NA |
| Brand Name | Atgam Sterile Solution IV 50mg/ml |
| Company | Pharmacia & Upjohn Inc |
| Brand Description | Pharmacia & Upjohn Inc |
| Prescribed For | Intravenous |
| Chemical Name | 50 mg |
| Formulation | Do not administer ATGAM to a patient who has had a systemic reaction (e.g., anaphylactic reaction) during prior administration of ATGAM or any other equine gamma globulin preparation |
| Physical Appearance | hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat, chest pain, back pain, fast heartbeat, trouble breathing, lightheadedness, easy bruising, unusual bleeding (nose, mouth, vagina, or rectum), purple or red pinpoint spots under your skin, coughing up blood, vomit that looks like coffee grounds, seizure, fever, swollen glands, skin sores, rash, itching, muscle or joint pain, weakness, and tiredness |
| Route of Administration | Lymphocyte immune globulin anti-thymocyte (also called equine anti-thymocyte immune globulin), is an immunosuppressant that lowers your body's immune system. The immune system helps your body fight infections. |
| Recommended Dosage | used to treat or prevent organ rejection after a kidney transplant. |
| Contraindication | NA |
| Side Effects | NA |
| Useful Link 1 | Link |
| Useful Link 2 | Link |
| Remarks | NA |