Detailed description page of ThPDB2

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10849 details
Primary information
ID10849
Therapeutic IDTh1212
Protein NameInsulin Pork
Sequence>Th1212_Insulin_Pork GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN
Molecular Weight5795.6
Chemical FormulaC257H387N65O76S6
Isoelectric Point5.39
Hydrophobicity0.218
Melting pointNA
Half-lifeNA
DescriptionInsulin isolated from pig pancreas. Composed of alpha and beta chains, processed from pro-insulin. Forms a hexameric structure.
Indication/DiseaseFor the treatment of type I and II diabetes mellitus.
PharmacodynamicsInsulin is used in the treatment of type I and type II diabetes. The primary activity of insulin is the regulation of glucose metabolism. In muscle and other tissues (except the brain), insulin causes rapid transport of glucose and amino acids intracellularly. It also promotes anabolism, and inhibits protein catabolism. In the liver, insulin promotes the uptake and storage of glucose in the form of glycogen, inhibits gluconeogenesis, and promotes the conversion of excess glucose into fat.
Mechanism of ActionInsulin binds to the insulin receptor (IR), a heterotetrameric protein consisting of two extracellular alpha units and two transmembrane beta units. The binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of IR stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity intrinsic to the beta subunit of the receptor. The bound receptor is able to autophosphorylate and phosphorylate numerous intracellular substrates such as insulin receptor substrates (IRS) proteins, Cbl, APS, Shc and Gab 1. These activated proteins, in turn, lead to the activation of downstream signaling molecules including PI3 kinase and Akt. Akt regulates the activity of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and protein kinase C (PKC) which play a critical role in metabolism.
ToxicityNA
MetabolismInsulin is predominantly cleared by metabolic degradation via a receptor-mediated process.
AbsorptionNA
NA
ClearanceNA
CategoriesAlimentary Tract and Metabolism,Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins,Blood Glucose Lowering Agents,Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers,Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers (strength unknown),Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers,Drugs Used in Diabetes,Hormones,Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists,Insulin,Insulin, Short-Acting,Insulins and Analogues for Injection, Fast-Acting,Pancreatic Hormones,Peptide Hormones,Peptides,Protein Precursors,Proteins
Patents NumberNA
Date of IssueNA
Date of ExpiryNA
Drug InteractionNA
TargetInsulin receptor,Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
Brand NameIletin II
CompanyLilly
Brand DescriptionLilly
Prescribed ForNA
Chemical NameNA
Formulation100 units/mL (U-100)
Physical Appearance sterile suspension
Route of AdministrationSubcutaneous
Recommended DosageNA
ContraindicationNA
Side EffectsNA
Useful Link 1Link
Useful Link 2NA
RemarksNA