|
| Primary information |
|---|
| ID | 10384 |
| Therapeutic ID | Th1060 |
| Protein Name | Insulin, porcine |
| Sequence | >Th1060_Insulin,_porcine
GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN
|
| Molecular Weight | 5795.6 |
| Chemical Formula | C257H387N65O76S6 |
| Isoelectric Point | 5.39 |
| Hydrophobicity | 0.218 |
| Melting point | NA |
| Half-life | 0.03 hours |
| Description | Insulin isolated from pig pancreas. Composed of alpha and beta chains, processed from pro-insulin. Forms a hexameric structure. |
| Indication/Disease | For the treatment of type I and II diabetes mellitus. |
| Pharmacodynamics | Insulin is used in the treatment of type I and type II diabetes. The primary activity of insulin is the regulation of glucose metabolism. In muscle and other tissues (except the brain), insulin causes rapid transport of glucose and amino acids intracellularly. It also promotes anabolism, and inhibits protein catabolism. In the liver, insulin promotes the uptake and storage of glucose in the form of glycogen, inhibits gluconeogenesis, and promotes the conversion of excess glucose into fat. |
| Mechanism of Action | Insulin binds to the insulin receptor (IR), a heterotetrameric protein consisting of two extracellular alpha units and two transmembrane beta units. The binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of IR stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity intrinsic to the beta subunit of the receptor. The bound receptor is able to autophosphorylate and phosphorylate numerous intracellular substrates such as insulin receptor substrates (IRS) proteins, Cbl, APS, Shc and Gab 1. These activated proteins, in turn, lead to the activation of downstream signaling molecules including PI3 kinase and Akt. Akt regulates the activity of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and protein kinase C (PKC) which play a critical role in metabolism. |
| Toxicity | NA |
| Metabolism | Insulin is predominantly cleared by metabolic degradation via a receptor-mediated process. |
| Absorption | NA |
| NA |
| Clearance | NA |
| Categories | Alimentary Tract and Metabolism, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins, Blood Glucose Lowering Agents, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers (strength unknown), Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers, Drugs Used in Diabetes, Hormones, Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists, Insulin, Insulin, Short-Acting, Insulins and Analogues for Injection, Fast-Acting, Pancreatic Hormones, Peptide Hormones, Peptides, Proteins |
| Patents Number | NA |
| Date of Issue | NA |
| Date of Expiry | NA |
| Drug Interaction | NA |
| Target | Hyaluronan,Transforming growth factor beta-1 |
| Brand Name | NA |
| Company | NA |
| Brand Description | NA |
| Prescribed For | NA |
| Chemical Name | NA |
| Formulation | NA |
| Physical Appearance | NA |
| Route of Administration | NA |
| Recommended Dosage | NA |
| Contraindication | NA |
| Side Effects | NA |
| Useful Link 1 | NA |
| Useful Link 2 | NA |
| Remarks | NA |