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| Primary information |
|---|
| ID | 10375 |
| Therapeutic ID | Th1056 |
| Protein Name | Vasopressin |
| Sequence | >Th1056_Vasopressin
CYFQNCPRG
|
| Molecular Weight | 2140.46 |
| Chemical Formula | C92H130N28O24S4 |
| Isoelectric Point | NA |
| Hydrophobicity | -4.9 |
| Melting point | NA |
| Half-life | 10-20 minutes |
| Description | Antidiuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin, is a nine amino acid peptide secreted from the posterior pituitary. Antidiuretic hormone binds to receptors in the distal or collecting tubules of the kidney and promotes reabsorbtion of water back into the circulation. |
| Indication/Disease | For the treatment of enuresis, polyuria, diabetes insipidus, polydipsia and oesophageal varices with bleeding |
| Pharmacodynamics | Vasopressin is an antidiuretic hormone indicated for the prevention and treatment of postoperative abdominal distention, in abdominal roentgenography to dispel interfering gas shadows, and in diabetes insipidus. Vasopressin can cause contraction of smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract and of all parts of the vascular bed, especially the capillaries, small arterioles and venules. It has less effect on the smooth musculature of the large veins. Vasopressin may also be used to control bleeding in some forms of von Willebrand disease and to treat extreme cases of bed wetting in children. It may also play a role in memory formation although the mechanism is unknown. |
| Mechanism of Action | Vasopressin acts on three different receptors, vasopressin receptor V1a (which initiates vasoconstriction, liver gluconeogenesis, platelet aggregation and release of factor VIII), vasopressin receptor V1b (which mediates corticotrophin secretion from the pituitary) and vasopressin receptor V2 which controls free water reabsorption in the renal medullar. The binding of vasopressin to the V2 receptor activates adenylate cyclase which causes the release of aquaporin 2 channels into the cells lining the renal medullar duct. This allows water to be reabsorbed down an osmotic gradient so the urine is more concentrated. |
| Toxicity | Vasopressin overdose is expected to present with consequences related to excessive vasoconstriction of peripheral, mesenteric, coronary vascular beds, hyponatremia, and possibly with ventricular tachyarrhythmias, rhabdomyolysis, and gastrointestinal symptoms. As vasopressin is rapidly metabolized and cleared, symptoms will resolve with cessation of vasopressin administration. |
| Metabolism | The majority of a dose of vasopressin is metabolized and rapidly destroyed in the liver and kidneys. |
| Absorption | NA |
| NA |
| Clearance | Vasopressin has a clearance of 9-25 mL/min/kg in patients with vasodilatory shock receiving 0.01-0.1 U/min of vasopressin. |
| Categories | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins, Antidiuretic Agents, Arginine Vasopressin, Arginine Vasopressin, analogs & derivatives, Cardiovascular Agents, Coagulants, Decreased Diuresis, Hematologic Agents, Hemostatics, Hormones, Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists, Natriuretic Agents, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neuropeptides, Oligopeptides, Peptide Hormones, Peptides, Pituitary, Pituitary Hormones, Pituitary Hormones, Posterior, Proteins, Vasoconstriction, Vasoconstrictor Agents, Vasopressin and Analogues, Vasopressins |
| Patents Number | NA |
| Date of Issue | NA |
| Date of Expiry | NA |
| Drug Interaction | NA |
| Target | Vasopressin V2 receptor,Vasopressin V1a receptor,Vasopressin V1b receptor, Oxytocin receptor |
| Brand Name | Pitressin |
| Company | JHP Pharmaceuticals |
| Brand Description | JHP Pharmaceuticals |
| Prescribed For | Vasopressin is indicated for prevention and treatment of postoperative abdominal distention, in abdominal roentgenography to dispel interfering gas shadows, and in diabetes insipidus. |
| Chemical Name | NA |
| Formulation | Vasopressin 20 units, Sodium Chloride 9 mg, Chlorobutanol 0.5% (as a preservative), Water for Injection q.s. pH (range 2.5 - 4.5) adjusted with Acetic Acid. |
| Physical Appearance | Vasopressin Injection, USP is a Sterile, aqueous solution of synthetic vasopressin (8-L-arginine vasopressin) of the posterior pituitary gland |
| Route of Administration | intramuSubcutaneousular or Subcutaneous use |
| Recommended Dosage | For Abdominal Distention, Abdominal Roentgenography, Diabetes Insipidus: Ten units of vassopressin (0.5mL) will usually elicit full physiologic response in adult patients. |
| Contraindication | Anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity to the drug or its components. |
| Side Effects | anaphylaxia (cardiac arrest), circumoral pallor, arrhythmias, decreased cardiac output, angina, myocardial ischemia, peripheral vasoconstruction and gangrene, nausea, vomiting, tremor, vertigo, bronchial constriction |
| Useful Link 1 | Link |
| Useful Link 2 | NA |
| Remarks | NA |