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| Primary information |
|---|
| ID | 10199 |
| Therapeutic ID | Th1025 |
| Protein Name | Intravenous Immunoglobulin |
| Sequence | >Th1025_Intravenous_Immunoglobulin
PSALTQPPSASGSLGQSVTISCTGTSSDVGGYNYVSWYQQHAGKAPKVIIYEVNKRPSGVPDRFSGSKSGNTASLTVSGLQAEDEADYYCSSYEGSDNFVFGTGTKVTVLGQPKANPTVTLFPPSSEELQANKATEVCLISDFYPGAVTVAWKADGSPVKAGVETTKPSKQSNNKYAASSYLSLTPEQWKSHRSYSCQVTHEGSTVEKTVAPTECSPLVLQESGPGLVKPSEALSLTCTVSGDSINTILYYWSWIRQPPGKGLEWIGYIYYSGSTYGNPSLKSRVTISVNTSKNQFYSKLSSVTAADTAVYYCARVPLVVNPWGQGTLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPQPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPQVKFNWYVDGVQVHNAKTKPREQQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQNWLDGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSL
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| Molecular Weight | 142682.3 |
| Chemical Formula | C6332H9826N1692O1980S42 |
| Isoelectric Point | 8.13 |
| Hydrophobicity | -0.331 |
| Melting point | 71 |
| Half-life | 20 hours (mammalian reticulocytes, in vitro) |
| Description | Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a mixture of IgG1 and other antibodies derived from healthy human plasma via Cohn fractionation. The purification process includes cold alcohol fractionation, polyethylene glycol precipitation, and ion exchange chromatography. IVIg contains the same distribution of IgG antibody subclasses as is found in the general human population. IgG subclasses are fully represented in the following proportions: 70.3% IgG1, 24.7% IgG2, 3.1% IgG3, and 1.9% IgG4. IVIg is used in the treatment of immunodeficiencies, as well as autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. |
| Indication/Disease | IVIg is used in the treatment of immunodeficiencies, as well as autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. These indications includes idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Kawasaki disease, hypogammaglobulinemia, B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, bone marrow transplant complications, Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, myesthenia gravis, Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome and inflammatory skin diseases. |
| Pharmacodynamics | Used as replacement therapy in inherited humoral immunodeficiency disorders such as severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome, x-linked agammaglobulinemia, and Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. The immunoglobulins target, bind and kill bacterial cells as well as viral particles. IgG is the monomeric immunoglobulin of which there are four subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4) in differing abundances (66%, 23%, 7% and 4%). IgAs represent about 15% of the immunoglobulins in the blood. These target inhaled or ingested pathogens. |
| Mechanism of Action | IVIg interacts with a number of different components of the immune system, including cytokines, complement, Fc receptors and several cell surface immunocompetent molecules. IVIg also impacts different effector cells of the immune system (B and T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, etc.) and regulates a wide range of genes. Its main mechanism of actions are believed to be Fc-dependent and F(ab')2-dependent. IVIg competitively blocks gamma Fc receptors, preventing the binding and ingestion of phagocytes and suppressing platelet depletion. IVIg contains a number of different antobodies, which prevent infection by attaching to the surface of invading pathogens and aiding in their disposal before they can infect cells. Antibodies remove pathogens via complement activation, agglutination or precipitation, pathogen receptor blocking, macrophage taggingor neutralization (via binding) of pathogen toxins. Intact IVIg and F(ab)2 fragments of IVIg can also neutralize the activity of various autoantibodies. By triggering the production of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, IVIg modulates of the production of cytokines and cytokine antagonists. It also prevents the generation of the C5b-9 membrane attack complex and subsequent complement-mediated tissue damage by binding active complement components. |
| Toxicity | NA |
| Metabolism | NA |
| Absorption | NA |
| NA |
| Clearance | NA |
| Categories | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins, Antibodies, Antigen Neutralization, Blood Proteins, Globulins, Human Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin Isotypes, Immunoglobulins, Immunologic Factors, Immunoproteins, Passively Acquired Immunity, Proteins, Serum, Serum Globulins |
| Patents Number | NA |
| Date of Issue | NA |
| Date of Expiry | NA |
| Drug Interaction | NA |
| Target | NA |
| Brand Name | Gamunex |
| Company | Talecris Biotherapeutics |
| Brand Description | Talecris Biotherapeutics |
| Prescribed For | Gamunex-C is used to treat primary immunodeficiency (PI). This includes, but is not limited to, congenital agammaglobulinemia, common variable immunodeficiency, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, and severe combined immunodeficiencies. |
| Chemical Name | NA |
| Formulation | GAMUNEX (immune globulin intravenous human 10%) consists of 9%–11% protein in 0.16–0.24 M glycine. Not less than 98% of the protein has the electrophoretic mobility of gamma globulin. GAMUNEX (immune globulin intravenous human 10%) contains trace levels o |
| Physical Appearance | Sterile solution |
| Route of Administration | Intravenous infusion |
| Recommended Dosage | Treatment of Primary Humoral Immunodeficiency = The dose of GAMUNEX (immune globulin intravenous (human) 10%) for replacement therapy in primary immune deficiency diseases is 300 to 600 mg/kg body weight (3-6 mL/kg) administered every 3 to 4 weeks. The dosage may be adjusted over time to achieve the desired trough levels and clinical responses. |
| Contraindication | GAMUNEX (immune globulin intravenous (human) 10%) is contraindicated in individuals with acute severe hypersensitivity reactions to Immune Globulin (Human). GAMUNEX (immune globulin intravenous (human) 10%) contains trace amounts of IgA. It is contraindic in patients who have had an anaphylactic or severe systemic reaction to the administration of human immune globulin. |
| Side Effects | Mild headache; dizziness; tired feeling; back pain, muscle cramps; minor chest pain; or flushing (warmth, redness, or tingly feeling). |
| Useful Link 1 | Link |
| Useful Link 2 | NA |
| Remarks | NA |