Detailed description page of ThPDB2

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10191 details
Primary information
ID10191
Therapeutic IDTh1024
Protein NameGramicidin D
Sequence>Th1024_Gramicidin_D VGALAVVVWLWLWLWX
Molecular Weight1811.253
Chemical FormulaC96H135N19O16
Isoelectric PointNA
HydrophobicityNA
Melting point229
Half-lifeNA
DescriptionGramcidin D is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14% respectively all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramcidins are 15 residue peptides with alternating D and L amino acids. The peptides assemble inside of the hydrophobic interior of the cellular lipid bilayer to form an alpha helix. The helix itself is not long enough to span the membrane but it dimerizes to form the elongated channel needed to span the whole membrane. Gramicidin D is used primarily as a topical antibiotic and is one of the three constituents of consumer antibiotic polysporin ophthalmic solution.
Indication/DiseaseFor treatment of skin lesions, surface wounds and eye infections
PharmacodynamicsGramicidin is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria because the drug is highly hemolytic, it cannot be administered internally and so is used only on the skin as a lotion or ointment. It is used primarily in the treatment of infected surface wounds, and in eye, nose, and throat infections. It is normally given with two other antibiotics (neomycin and polymixin B) as an ophthalmic solution
Mechanism of ActionGramicidin D binds and inserts itself into bacterial membranes (preference to gram-positive cell membranes) resulting in membrane disruption and permeabilization (it acts as a channel). This leads to loss of intracellular solutes (e.g., K+ and amino acids); dissipation of the transmembrane potential; inhibition of respiration; a reduction in ATP pools; and inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, which leads to cell death.
ToxicityNA
MetabolismNA
AbsorptionNA
NA
ClearanceNA
CategoriesAmino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Anti-Infective Agents, Anti-Infective Agents, Local, Membrane Proteins, P-glycoprotein inhibitors, P-glycoprotein substrates, Peptides, Peptides, Cyclic, Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins, Proteins, Throat Preparations
Patents NumberNA
Date of IssueNA
Date of ExpiryNA
Drug InteractionNA
TargetNA
Brand NameNA
CompanyNA
Brand DescriptionNA
Prescribed ForNA
Chemical NameNA
FormulationNA
Physical Appearance NA
Route of AdministrationNA
Recommended DosageNA
ContraindicationNA
Side EffectsNA
Useful Link 1Link
Useful Link 2NA
RemarksNA