PRRDB 2.0 : Pattern Recognition Receptor Database

Macrophage inducible Ca2+-dependent lectin receptor, (abbreviated to Mincle), is a member of the C-type lectin superfamily encoded by the gene CLEC4E. It is a pattern recognition receptor that can recognize glycolipids including mycobacterial cord factor, trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (TDM).

C-type lectin domain family 4 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC4A gene.This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. Members of this family share a common protein fold and have diverse functions, such as cell adhesion, cell-cell signalling, glycoprotein turnover, and roles in inflammation and immune response. The encoded type 2 transmembrane protein may play a role in inflammatory and immune response.

CTLA4 or CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4), also known as CD152 (cluster of differentiation 152), is a protein receptor that, functioning as an immune checkpoint, downregulates immune responses. CTLA4 is constitutively expressed in regulatory T cells but only upregulated in conventional T cells after activation – a phenomenon which is particularly notable in cancers.[4] It acts as an "off" switch when bound to CD80 or CD86 on the surface of antigen-presenting cells.

C-type lectin domain family 5 member A or CLEC5A, also known as C-type lectin superfamily member 5 (CLECSF5) and myeloid DAP12-associating lectin 1 (MDL1) is a C-type lectin that in humans is encoded by the CLEC5A gene.

C-type lectin domain family 4 member M is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC4M gene. CLEC4M has also been designated as CD299 (cluster of differentiation 299).This gene encodes L-SIGN (liver/lymph node-specific intracellular adhesion molecules-3 grabbing non-integrin), a type II integral membrane protein that is 77% identical to CD209 antigen, an HIV gp120-binding protein.

DC-SIGN (Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular adhesion molecule-3-Grabbing Non-integrin) also known as CD209 (Cluster of Differentiation 209) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CD209 gene.DC-SIGN is a C-type lectin receptor present on the surface of both macrophages and dendritic cells. DC-SIGN on macrophages recognises and binds to mannose type carbohydrates, a class of pathogen associated molecular patterns PAMPs commonly found on viruses, bacteria and fungi

C-type lectin domain family 7 member A or Dectin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC7A geneCLEC7A is a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. The encoded glycoprotein is a small type II membrane receptor with an extracellular C-type lectin-like domain fold and a cytoplasmic domain with a partial immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif. It functions as a pattern-recognition receptor for a variety of β-1,3-linked and β-1,6-linked glucans from fungi and plants, and in this way plays a role in innate immune response

Binds high-mannose carbohydrates in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Functional receptor for alpha-mannans on C.albicans hypheas. Plays an important role in the host defense against C.albicans infection by inducing TH17 cell differentiation. Recognizes also, in a mannose-dependent manner, allergens from house dust mite and fungi, by promoting cysteinyl leukotriene production. Recognizes soluble elements from the eggs of Shistosoma mansoni altering adaptive immune responses.

Collectins are C-type lectins that are involved in innate immunity as pattern recognition molecules. Recently, collectin kidney 1 (CL-K1) has been discovered, and in vitro studies have shown that CL-K1 binds to microbes and activates the lectin complement pathway. CL-K1 might play an important role in host protection against S. pneumoniae infection through the activation of the lectin complement pathway. Ref 28068663

a novel CTL, Nattectin-like protein (named as CaNTC), was investigated in Qihe crucian carp Carassius auratus. The full-length cDNA of CaNTC was composed of 776 bp, with a 152 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 492 bp ORF encoding a 163-aa protein, and a 132 bp 3'-UTR with a polyadenylation signal sequence AATAAA and a poly(A) tail. rCaNTC was able to agglutinate rabbit erythrocytes and three kinds of bacteria (Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and A. hydrophila, and Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus) in a Ca2+-dependent manner. These findings collectively demonstrated that CaNTC, as a PRR, could be involved in the innate immunity and play an important role in immune defense of C. auratus. Ref 28602683