| Formylation (-CHO) | Mimics bacterial peptides, can trigger immune responses. |
| Dansylation (-SO₂NHR) | Fluorescent labeling for peptide tracking. |
| H₃N (Protonated Amine, -NH₃⁺) | Charged form of the N-terminal amine, affects solubility. |
| Acetic Acid (-COOH) | Uncommon N-terminal modification, affects charge properties. |
| PEG750 | Increases solubility and circulation time. |
| Lipidated | Improves membrane interaction and bioavailability. |
| Benzoylation (-C₆H₅CO) | Increases hydrophobicity and stability. |
| Palmitoylation (-C16H31CO) | Enhances lipophilicity and membrane localization. |
| Tosylation (-SO₂C₆H₄CH₃) | Protecting group for amines during synthesis. |
| 2-(6-Methoxy-2-Naphthyl)propionic Acid | Enhances stability or binding interactions. |
| pHCA (Hydroxy Cinnamic Acid) | Phenolic modification affecting antioxidant properties. |
| Succinylation (-COCH₂CH₂COOH) | Increases solubility by introducing a negative charge. |
| Lac = p-Amidophenyl-β-D-Lactopyranoside | Sugar-based modification influencing solubility. |
| Lau (Lauroyl, C12H25CO) | Hydrophobic modification affecting membrane interactions. |
| Naphthalimide | Aromatic modification affecting stability and fluorescence. |
| Palmitate (Pal, C16H31COO⁻) | Similar to palmitoylation, used for lipid anchoring. |
| SpermineAc (-H₂N(CH₂)₃NH(CH₂)₄NH(CH₂)₃NHCH₂CO-) | Polyamine modification affecting charge and interactions. |
| β-Hydroxyoctanoyl-Δ-But | Hydroxylated fatty acid modification altering hydrophobicity. |
