Traditionally, propensity scales have been used for predicting B-cell epitopes but several studies have demonstrated that these methods have limited precision power. In order to overcome the limitations of traditional methods, machine learning-based(ML) techniques have been proposed listed below.

Name Year Description Pubmed ID
ABCpred 2006 Prediction of continuous B-cell epitopes in an antigen using recurrent neural network/Fixed Length Of 20 Amino Acids 16894596
Söllner 2006 Machine learning approaches for prediction of linear B-cell epitopes on proteins/Protscale, Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) 16598694
FBCPred 2008 Predicting flexible length linear B-cell epitopes/Flexible Length , Amino Acid And DPC, AAP Propensity Scale, CTD 19642274
BCPREDS 2008 Predicting linear B‐cell epitopes using string kernels/Kernel, Mismatch Kernel, Local Alignment Kernel, Subsequence Kernel,Amino Acid Pairs Propensity Scale 18496882
COBEpro 2009 Predicting continuous B-cell epitopes/Propensity Score, Secondary Structure And Solvent Accessibility Information 19074155
BayesB 2010 SVM-based prediction of linear B-cell epitopes using Bayes Feature Extraction/Bayes Feature Extraction , Relative Position-Specific Amino Acid Propensities 21143805
LEPS 2011 B-cell linear epitope prediction system with a Combination of SVM Classification and Amino Acid Propensity Identification/Physico chemical Propensities , Mathematical Morphology, Amino Acid Segments Feature 21876642
BEOracle/ BROracle 2012 Determinants of antigenicity and specificity in immune response for protein sequences/Epitope Composition, Secondary Structure, Solvent Accessibility and Evolutionary Conservation 21693021
SVMTriP 2012 A Method to Predict Antigenic Epitopes Using Support Vector Machine to Integrate Tri-Peptide Similarity and Propensity/Combination Of Similarity And Propensity Of Tri-Peptide Subsequences 22984622
BEST 2012 Improved Prediction of B-Cell Epitopes from Antigen Sequences/Predicted Secondary Structure, Predicted Solvent Accessibility, Dipeptides-Based Antigenicity Scale, and The Conservation And Similarity Scores 22761950
LBTope 2013 Improved Method for Linear B-Cell Epitope Prediction Using Antigen’s Primary Sequence/BIN, AAP 23667458
EPMLR 2014 Sequence-based linear B cell epitope prediction using multiple linear regression/Sliding Window 25523327
LBEEP 2015 Harnessing Computational Biology for Exact Linear B-Cell Epitope Prediction:A Novel Amino Acid Composition-Based Feature Descriptor/AAC, and DDE 26406767
DMN-LBE 2015 An Improved Method for Predicting Linear B-cell Epitope Using Deep Maxout Networks/PCP(Flexibility, Solvent Accessibility ), DPC 26177908
DRREP 2017 Deep ridge regressed continuous epitope prediction/K-Mers 28984193
iBCE-EL 2018 A New ensemble Learning Framework for Improved Linear B-Cell epitope Prediction/AAC, DPC, CTD, PCP, Aaindex(AAI), BPF 30100904
DLBEpitope 2020 Deep learning methods improve linear B- cell epitope prediction/DPC 32699555
BCEPS 2021 A Web Server to Predict Linear B Cell Epitopes with Enhanced Immunogenicity and Cross-Reactivity/DPC, AAC 34685724
LBCEPred 2022 A machine learning model to predict linear B-cell epitopes 35262658
Epidope 2021 EpiDope: a deep neural network for linear B-cell epitope prediction 32915967
BepiPred-3.0 2022 Improved B-cell epitope prediction using protein language models/Protein Language Models 36366745