==== Reference: Usmani SS, Bedi G, Samuel JS, Singh S, Kalra S, Kumar P, et al. (2017) THPdb: Database of FDA-approved peptide and protein therapeutics. PLoS ONE 12(7) e0181748.====

Detailed description page of THPdb

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Th1024 details
Primary information
ID1187
ThPP IDTh1024
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein NameGramicidin D
SequenceVGALAVVVWLWLWLWX view full sequnce in fasta
Functional ClassificationIIa
Molecular Weight1882.2947
Chemical FormulaC99H140N20O17
Isoelectric PointN.A.
HydrophobicityN.A.
Melting Point (℃)229
Half LifeN.A.
DescriptionGramcidin D is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14% respectively all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramcidins are 15 residue peptides with alternating D and L amino acids. The peptides assemble inside of the hydrophobic interior of the cellular lipid bilayer to form an alpha helix. The helix itself is not long enough to span the membrane but it dimerizes to form the elongated channel needed to span the whole membrane. Gramicidin D is used primarily as a topical antibiotic and is one of the three constituents of consumer antibiotic polysporin ophthalmic solution.
Indication/DiseaseFor treatment of skin lesions, surface wounds and eye infections
PharmacodynamicsGramicidin is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria because the drug is highly hemolytic, it cannot be administered internally and so is used only on the skin as a lotion or ointment. It is used primarily in the treatment of infected surface wounds, and in eye, nose, and throat infections. It is normally given with two other antibiotics (neomycin and polymixin B) as an ophthalmic solution
Mechanism of ActionGramicidin D binds and inserts itself into bacterial membranes (preference to gram-positive cell membranes) resulting in membrane disruption and permeabilization (it acts as a channel). This leads to loss of intracellular solutes (e.g., K+ and amino acids); dissipation of the transmembrane potential; inhibition of respiration; a reduction in ATP pools; and inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, which leads to cell death.
ToxicityN.A.
MetabolismN.A.
AbsorptionN.A.
Volume of DistributionN.A.
ClearanceN.A.
CategoriesAnti-Bacterial Agents
Patents NumberN.A.
Date of IssueN.A.
Date of ExpiryN.A.
Drug InteractionN.A.
TargetN.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand NameNeosporin
CompanyPfizer
Brand DiscriptionNeosporin Ophthalmic Ointment(neomycin and polymyxin B sulfates and bacitracin zinc ophthalmic ointment) is a sterile antimicrobial ointment for ophthalmic use. Neomycin sulfate is the sulfate salt of neomycin B and C, which are produced by the growth of
Prescribed forNeosporin ointment is an antibiotic combination which works by killing sensitive bacteria on the skin or in wounds.Thus, treating and preventing infection due to minor cuts, scrapes, and burns.
Chemical NameN.A.
FormulationEach gram contains: neomycin sulfate equivalent to 3.5 mg neomycin base, polymyxin B sulfate equivalent to 10,000 polymyxin B units, bacitracin zinc equivalent to 400 bacitracin units, and white petrolatum, q.s.
Physcial AppearanceOintment
Route of AdministrationExternal use only
Recommended DosageApply the ointment every 3 or 4 hours for 7 to 10 days depending on the severity of the infection.
ContraindicationIndividuals who have shown hypersensitivity to any of its components
Side EffectsRash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue; skin irritation, pain, burning, cracking, redness, or peeling not present before using Neosporin ointment; worsening or recurrence of wound symptoms.
Useful Linkhttp://www.drugs.com/cdi/neosporin-ointment.html
PubMed ID10397797
3-D StructureTh1024 (View) or (Download)
Primary information
ID1188
ThPP IDTh1024
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein NameGramicidin D
SequenceVGALAVVVWLWLWLWX view full sequnce in fasta
Functional ClassificationIIa
Molecular Weight1882.2947
Chemical FormulaC99H140N20O17
Isoelectric PointN.A.
HydrophobicityN.A.
Melting Point (℃)229
Half LifeN.A.
DescriptionGramcidin D is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14% respectively all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramcidins are 15 residue peptides with alternating D and L amino acids. The peptides assemble inside of the hydrophobic interior of the cellular lipid bilayer to form an alpha helix. The helix itself is not long enough to span the membrane but it dimerizes to form the elongated channel needed to span the whole membrane. Gramicidin D is used primarily as a topical antibiotic and is one of the three constituents of consumer antibiotic polysporin ophthalmic solution.
Indication/DiseaseFor treatment of skin lesions, surface wounds and eye infections
PharmacodynamicsGramicidin is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria because the drug is highly hemolytic, it cannot be administered internally and so is used only on the skin as a lotion or ointment. It is used primarily in the treatment of infected surface wounds, and in eye, nose, and throat infections. It is normally given with two other antibiotics (neomycin and polymixin B) as an ophthalmic solution
Mechanism of ActionGramicidin D binds and inserts itself into bacterial membranes (preference to gram-positive cell membranes) resulting in membrane disruption and permeabilization (it acts as a channel). This leads to loss of intracellular solutes (e.g., K+ and amino acids); dissipation of the transmembrane potential; inhibition of respiration; a reduction in ATP pools; and inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, which leads to cell death.
ToxicityN.A.
MetabolismN.A.
AbsorptionN.A.
Volume of DistributionN.A.
ClearanceN.A.
CategoriesAnti-Infective Agents
Patents NumberN.A.
Date of IssueN.A.
Date of ExpiryN.A.
Drug InteractionN.A.
TargetN.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand NameN.A.
CompanyN.A.
Brand DiscriptionN.A.
Prescribed forN.A.
Chemical NameN.A.
FormulationN.A.
Physcial AppearanceN.A.
Route of AdministrationN.A.
Recommended DosageN.A.
ContraindicationN.A.
Side EffectsN.A.
Useful Linkhttp://chealth.canoe.ca/drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=1952&page_no=2
PubMed ID10397797
3-D StructureTh1024 (View) or (Download)
Primary information
ID1189
ThPP IDTh1024
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein NameGramicidin D
SequenceVGALAVVVWLWLWLWX view full sequnce in fasta
Functional ClassificationIIa
Molecular Weight1882.2947
Chemical FormulaC99H140N20O17
Isoelectric PointN.A.
HydrophobicityN.A.
Melting Point (℃)229
Half LifeN.A.
DescriptionGramcidin D is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14% respectively all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramcidins are 15 residue peptides with alternating D and L amino acids. The peptides assemble inside of the hydrophobic interior of the cellular lipid bilayer to form an alpha helix. The helix itself is not long enough to span the membrane but it dimerizes to form the elongated channel needed to span the whole membrane. Gramicidin D is used primarily as a topical antibiotic and is one of the three constituents of consumer antibiotic polysporin ophthalmic solution.
Indication/DiseaseFor treatment of skin lesions, surface wounds and eye infections
PharmacodynamicsGramicidin is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria because the drug is highly hemolytic, it cannot be administered internally and so is used only on the skin as a lotion or ointment. It is used primarily in the treatment of infected surface wounds, and in eye, nose, and throat infections. It is normally given with two other antibiotics (neomycin and polymixin B) as an ophthalmic solution
Mechanism of ActionGramicidin D binds and inserts itself into bacterial membranes (preference to gram-positive cell membranes) resulting in membrane disruption and permeabilization (it acts as a channel). This leads to loss of intracellular solutes (e.g., K+ and amino acids); dissipation of the transmembrane potential; inhibition of respiration; a reduction in ATP pools; and inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, which leads to cell death.
ToxicityN.A.
MetabolismN.A.
AbsorptionN.A.
Volume of DistributionN.A.
ClearanceN.A.
CategoriesAntibiotics
Patents NumberN.A.
Date of IssueN.A.
Date of ExpiryN.A.
Drug InteractionN.A.
TargetN.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand NameN.A.
CompanyN.A.
Brand DiscriptionN.A.
Prescribed forN.A.
Chemical NameN.A.
FormulationN.A.
Physcial AppearanceN.A.
Route of AdministrationN.A.
Recommended DosageN.A.
ContraindicationN.A.
Side EffectsN.A.
Useful Linkhttp://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/bacitracin-neomycin-polymyxin-b-topical,neosporin-index.html
PubMed ID10397797
3-D StructureTh1024 (View) or (Download)
Primary information
ID1190
ThPP IDTh1024
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein NameGramicidin D
SequenceVGALAVVVWLWLWLWX view full sequnce in fasta
Functional ClassificationIIa
Molecular Weight1882.2947
Chemical FormulaC99H140N20O17
Isoelectric PointN.A.
HydrophobicityN.A.
Melting Point (℃)229
Half LifeN.A.
DescriptionGramcidin D is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14% respectively all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramcidins are 15 residue peptides with alternating D and L amino acids. The peptides assemble inside of the hydrophobic interior of the cellular lipid bilayer to form an alpha helix. The helix itself is not long enough to span the membrane but it dimerizes to form the elongated channel needed to span the whole membrane. Gramicidin D is used primarily as a topical antibiotic and is one of the three constituents of consumer antibiotic polysporin ophthalmic solution.
Indication/DiseaseFor treatment of skin lesions, surface wounds and eye infections
PharmacodynamicsGramicidin is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria because the drug is highly hemolytic, it cannot be administered internally and so is used only on the skin as a lotion or ointment. It is used primarily in the treatment of infected surface wounds, and in eye, nose, and throat infections. It is normally given with two other antibiotics (neomycin and polymixin B) as an ophthalmic solution
Mechanism of ActionGramicidin D binds and inserts itself into bacterial membranes (preference to gram-positive cell membranes) resulting in membrane disruption and permeabilization (it acts as a channel). This leads to loss of intracellular solutes (e.g., K+ and amino acids); dissipation of the transmembrane potential; inhibition of respiration; a reduction in ATP pools; and inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, which leads to cell death.
ToxicityN.A.
MetabolismN.A.
AbsorptionN.A.
Volume of DistributionN.A.
ClearanceN.A.
CategoriesAntibiotics, Topical
Patents NumberN.A.
Date of IssueN.A.
Date of ExpiryN.A.
Drug InteractionN.A.
TargetN.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand NameSofradex
CompanySanofi
Brand DiscriptionSofradex Ear/Eye Drops, Solution contains three medicines called Framycetin sulphate, Gramicidin and Dexamethasone sodium metasulphobenzoate. Framycetin sulphate and Gramicidin belong to a group of medicines called antibiotics. These work by killing the b
Prescribed forUsed in the eye(s) to treat Inflammation in the eye when prevention of bacterial infection is also needed. Signs include sore, red or swollen eyes. It is used in the ear(s) to treat Inflammation of the ear canal (otitis externa)
Chemical NameN.A.
FormulationEach bottle contains 0.5% w/v of Framycetin Sulphate, Dexamethasone Sodium Metasulphobenzoate (equivalent to 0.050% w/v of Dexamethasone) and 0.005% w/v of Gramicidin. The other ingredients are citric acid, sodium citrate, lithium chloride, phenylethyl al
Physcial AppearanceSterile, clear, bright, colourless, aqueous solution
Route of AdministrationAuricular and Ocular use.
Recommended DosageOne or two drops applied to each affected eye up to six times daily or more frequently if required. Two or three drops instilled into the ear three or four times daily.
ContraindicationIf glaucoma is present or herpetic keratitis (e.g. dendritic ulcer) is considered a possibility. Otitis Externa should not be treated when the eardrum is perforated because of the risk of ototoxicity. Hypersensitivity to framycetin sulphate, dexamethasone sodium metasulphobenzoate, gramicidin or to any of the excipients.
Side EffectsStop using Sofradex if: You get any kind of skin problem, such as a rash or itching around your eyes or irritation burning, stinging, itching or swelling, your eyes have problems focussing or develop a blind spot. You may have increased pressure in the eye, you have difficulty seeing at night or notice that your eyesight is cloudy and fuzzy, or you see halos around lights. These could be signs of cataracts. This may occur after using the medicine for a long time
Useful Linkhttps://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/13255
PubMed ID10397797
3-D StructureTh1024 (View) or (Download)
Primary information
ID1191
ThPP IDTh1024
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein NameGramicidin D
SequenceVGALAVVVWLWLWLWX view full sequnce in fasta
Functional ClassificationIIa
Molecular Weight1882.2947
Chemical FormulaC99H140N20O17
Isoelectric PointN.A.
HydrophobicityN.A.
Melting Point (℃)229
Half LifeN.A.
DescriptionGramcidin D is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14% respectively all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramcidins are 15 residue peptides with alternating D and L amino acids. The peptides assemble inside of the hydrophobic interior of the cellular lipid bilayer to form an alpha helix. The helix itself is not long enough to span the membrane but it dimerizes to form the elongated channel needed to span the whole membrane. Gramicidin D is used primarily as a topical antibiotic and is one of the three constituents of consumer antibiotic polysporin ophthalmic solution.
Indication/DiseaseFor treatment of skin lesions, surface wounds and eye infections
PharmacodynamicsGramicidin is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria because the drug is highly hemolytic, it cannot be administered internally and so is used only on the skin as a lotion or ointment. It is used primarily in the treatment of infected surface wounds, and in eye, nose, and throat infections. It is normally given with two other antibiotics (neomycin and polymixin B) as an ophthalmic solution
Mechanism of ActionGramicidin D binds and inserts itself into bacterial membranes (preference to gram-positive cell membranes) resulting in membrane disruption and permeabilization (it acts as a channel). This leads to loss of intracellular solutes (e.g., K+ and amino acids); dissipation of the transmembrane potential; inhibition of respiration; a reduction in ATP pools; and inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, which leads to cell death.
ToxicityN.A.
MetabolismN.A.
AbsorptionN.A.
Volume of DistributionN.A.
ClearanceN.A.
CategoriesN.A.
Patents NumberN.A.
Date of IssueN.A.
Date of ExpiryN.A.
Drug InteractionN.A.
TargetN.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand NameN.A.
CompanyN.A.
Brand DiscriptionN.A.
Prescribed forN.A.
Chemical NameN.A.
FormulationN.A.
Physcial AppearanceN.A.
Route of AdministrationN.A.
Recommended DosageN.A.
ContraindicationN.A.
Side EffectsN.A.
Useful Linkhttp://www.news-medical.net/drugs/Sofradex.aspx
PubMed ID10397797
3-D StructureTh1024 (View) or (Download)
Primary information
ID1192
ThPP IDTh1024
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein NameGramicidin D
SequenceVGALAVVVWLWLWLWX view full sequnce in fasta
Functional ClassificationIIa
Molecular Weight1882.2947
Chemical FormulaC99H140N20O17
Isoelectric PointN.A.
HydrophobicityN.A.
Melting Point (℃)229
Half LifeN.A.
DescriptionGramcidin D is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14% respectively all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramcidins are 15 residue peptides with alternating D and L amino acids. The peptides assemble inside of the hydrophobic interior of the cellular lipid bilayer to form an alpha helix. The helix itself is not long enough to span the membrane but it dimerizes to form the elongated channel needed to span the whole membrane. Gramicidin D is used primarily as a topical antibiotic and is one of the three constituents of consumer antibiotic polysporin ophthalmic solution.
Indication/DiseaseFor treatment of skin lesions, surface wounds and eye infections
PharmacodynamicsGramicidin is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria because the drug is highly hemolytic, it cannot be administered internally and so is used only on the skin as a lotion or ointment. It is used primarily in the treatment of infected surface wounds, and in eye, nose, and throat infections. It is normally given with two other antibiotics (neomycin and polymixin B) as an ophthalmic solution
Mechanism of ActionGramicidin D binds and inserts itself into bacterial membranes (preference to gram-positive cell membranes) resulting in membrane disruption and permeabilization (it acts as a channel). This leads to loss of intracellular solutes (e.g., K+ and amino acids); dissipation of the transmembrane potential; inhibition of respiration; a reduction in ATP pools; and inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, which leads to cell death.
ToxicityN.A.
MetabolismN.A.
AbsorptionN.A.
Volume of DistributionN.A.
ClearanceN.A.
CategoriesN.A.
Patents NumberN.A.
Date of IssueN.A.
Date of ExpiryN.A.
Drug InteractionN.A.
TargetN.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand NameN.A.
CompanyN.A.
Brand DiscriptionN.A.
Prescribed forN.A.
Chemical NameN.A.
FormulationN.A.
Physcial AppearanceN.A.
Route of AdministrationN.A.
Recommended DosageN.A.
ContraindicationN.A.
Side EffectsN.A.
Useful Linkhttps://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/16533
PubMed ID10397797
3-D StructureTh1024 (View) or (Download)