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1846 details
Primary information
ThPP IDTh1234
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein NameProtamine sulfate
SequenceNA view full sequnce in fasta
Functional ClassificationIb
Molecular WeightNA
Chemical FormulaNA
Isoelectric PointNA
HydrophobicityNA
Melting Point (℃)NA
Half LifeWithout heparin in healthy individuals: Median 7.4 minutes. With heparin: Median 4.5 minutes.
DescriptionProtamine sulfate is a drug that reverses the anticoagulant effects of heparin by binding to it. It was originally isolated from the sperm of salmon and other species of fish but is now produced primarily through recombinant biotechnology. Protamine sulfate was approved for medical use in the United States in 1969. Protamine sulfate (protamine (protamines) s) occurs as fine white or off-white amorphous or crystalline powder. It is sparingly soluble in water. The pH is between 6 and 7. The cationic hydrogenated protamine at a pH of 6.8 to 7.1 reacts with anionic heparin at a pH of 5.0 to 7.5 to form an inactive complex.
Indication/DiseaseProtamine sulfate is usually administered to reverse the large dose of heparin administered during certain surgeries, especially heart surgery.
PharmacodynamicsProtamine sulphate 1% demonstrates activity neutralising anticoagulant properties of heparin, creating the complex heparin/protamine. Activity of protamine (towards heparin) takes place within five minutes after intravenous injection of the preparation.
Mechanism of ActionIt is a highly cationic peptide that binds to either heparin or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) to form a stable ion pair, which does not have anticoagulant activity. The ionic complex is then removed and broken down by the reticuloendothelial system. In large doses, protamine sulfate may also have an independent—however weak—anticoagulant effect.
ToxicityAdministration of protamine sulfate intravenously could result in severe drop in blood pressure, dyspnea, bradycardia, pulmonary hypertension and anaphylaxis. Systemic hypertension, nausea, vomiting and lassitude were also reported. Overdosage of this drug may theoretically result in hemorrhage.
MetabolismMetabolic fate of the protamine-heparin complex has not been elucidated; however, protamine-heparin complex may be partially metabolized or attacked by fibrinolysin, freeing heparin.
AbsorptionAfter IV adminsteration, protamine sulfate takes less than 5 min. to neutralize heparin.
Volume of Distribution12.3 L
ClearanceClearance is: 2.2 L/min
CategoriesHeparin Antagonists, Hematologic Agents
Patents NumberNA
Date of IssueNA
Date of ExpiryNA
Drug InteractionNA
TargetNA
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand NameProtamine Sulfate Injection, USP
CompanyOmega Laboratories Ltd
Brand DiscriptionProtamine Sulfate Injection, USP is a sterile, non-pyrogenic, isotonic solution of protamine sulfate in Water for Injection. It acts as a heparin antagonist. It is also a weak anticoagulant. Protamines are simple protein principles obtained from the sperm of salmon and certain other species of fish. Protamine (protamines) s have low molecular weight, are rich in arginine, and are strongly basic.
Prescribed forProtamine Sulfate (protamine (protamines) s) Injection, USP is indicated in the treatment of heparin overdosage.
Chemical NameNA
FormulationProtamine sulfate 10 mg, sodium chloride 9 mg and Water for Injection q.s. Sulfuric acid and/or dibasic sodium phosphate (heptahydrate) may have been added for pH adjustment.
Physcial Appearnceoff-white amorphous or crystalline powder
Route of AdministrationIntravenous
Recommended DosageProtamine Sulfate (protamine (protamines) s) Injection,USP should be given by very slow intravenous injection in doses not to exceed 50 mg of protamine sulfate (protamine (protamines) s) in any 10-minute period
ContraindicationProtamine sulfate (protamine (protamines) s) is contraindicated in patients who have shown previous intolerance to the drug.
Side EffectsIntravenous injections of protamine (protamines) may cause a sudden fall in blood pressure, bradycardia, pulmonary hypertension, dyspnea, or transitory flushing and a feeling of warmth. There have been reports of anaphylaxis that resulted in respiratory embarrassment
Useful Linkhttp://www.rxlist.com/protamine-drug.htm
PubMed ID11867368, 11001169
3-D StructureN.A.