Primary information |
---|
ThPP ID | Th1218 |
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name | Anti-thymocyte Globulin (Equine) |
Sequence | NA view full sequnce in fasta |
Functional Classification | IIIb |
Molecular Weight | NA |
Chemical Formula | NA |
Isoelectric Point | NA |
Hydrophobicity | NA |
Melting Point (℃) | NA |
Half Life | The half-life of equine immunoglobulin after ATGAM infusion was found to be 5.7 ± 3.0 days in one g |
Description | Equine anti-thymocyte globulin is composed of purified gamma globulin containing primarily IgG against human thymus lymphocytes. It is formed by inoculating a horse with an antigen (human thymoyctes) which then induces the horse immune system's B-lymphocytes to produce IgG immunoglobulins specific for that antigen. The result is polyclonal IgG that is then purified from the horse's serum to produce a usable drug product that can be used for immunosuppression. Although the exact mechanism of action is unknown, equine anti-thymocyte globulin targets a variety of immune system proteins including lymphocyte surface proteins, granulocytes, platelets, bone marrow cells, and other cell types. Equine ATG is currently indicated for the suppression of the immune system to prevent renal transplant rejection and in the treatment of aplastic anemia. Induction of T cell apoptosis and resulting T-cell lymphopenia found in vivo is credited for its therapeutic effect in these conditions. There are currently various ATG products available, which differ in the source of inoculated animal (rabbit, horse, or pig) and in the type of antigen product used to produce immunoglobulin (thymocytes, peripheral T cells, etc.). |
Indication/Disease | For prevention of renal transplant rejection and for the treatment of aplastic anemia. |
Pharmacodynamics | NA |
Mechanism of Action | NA |
Toxicity | The most commonly reported adverse reactions (occurring in greater than 10% of patients) are pyrexia, chills, rash, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and arthralgia. |
Metabolism | NA |
Absorption | NA |
Volume of Distribution | During infusion of 10 to 15 mg/kg/day, the mean peak value (n = 27 renal transplant patients) was found to be 727 ± 310 μg/mL. |
Clearance | 50 mg/mL |
Categories | Antibody |
Patents Number | NA |
Date of Issue | NA |
Date of Expiry | NA |
Drug Interaction | NA |
Target | NA |
Information of corresponding available drug in the market |
---|
Brand Name | ATGAM |
Company | NA |
Brand Discription | ATGAM Sterile Solution contains lymphocyte immune globulin, anti-thymocyte globulin [equine]. It is the purified, concentrated, and sterile gamma globulin, primarily monomeric IgG, from hyperimmune serum of horses immunized with human thymus lymphocytes. ATGAM is a transparent to slightly opalescent aqueous protein solution. It may appear colorless to faintly pink or brown and is nearly odorless. It may develop a slight granular or flaky deposit during storage |
Prescribed for | TGAM is indicated for the management of allograft rejection in renal transplant patients; and also for the treatment of moderate to severe aplastic anemia in patients unsuitable for bone marrow transplantation |
Chemical Name | NA |
Formulation | Each milliliter of ATGAM contains 50 mg of horse gamma globulin stabilized in 0.3 molar glycine to a pH of approximately 6.8. |
Physcial Appearnce | Solid |
Route of Administration | Intravenous |
Recommended Dosage | The recommended dose is 10 to 15 mg/kg daily intravenously for 14 days for Renal transplant rejection. The recommended dose is 10 to 20 mg/kg daily intravenously for 8 to 14 days in case of Aplastic Anemia |
Contraindication | systemic reaction (e.g., anaphylactic reaction) during prior administration of ATGAM or any other equine gamma globulin preparation |
Side Effects | The most clinically significant adverse reactions are anaphylaxis, infection, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, arthralgia, edema, bradycardia, and abnormal renal and liver function tests. |
Useful Link | http://www.rxlist.com/atgam-drug.htm |
PubMed ID | 24907357, 25672649, 12783210, 25243623 |
3-D Structure | N.A. |