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1823 details
Primary information
ThPP IDTh1214
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein NameInsulin Beef
SequenceA chain: GIVEQCCASVCSLYQLENYCN; B chain: FVNQHLCGS view full sequnce in fasta
Functional ClassificationIa
Molecular Weight5733.5
Chemical FormulaC254H377N65O75S6
Isoelectric PointNA
HydrophobicityNA
Melting Point (℃)NA
Half LifeNA
DescriptionInsulin isolated from cattle pancreas. Composed of alpha and beta chains, processed from pro-insulin. Forms a hexameric structure.
Indication/DiseaseFor the treatment of type I and II diabetes mellitus.
PharmacodynamicsInsulin is used in the treatment of type I and type II diabetes. The primary activity of insulin is the regulation of glucose metabolism. In muscle and other tissues (except the brain), insulin causes rapid transport of glucose and amino acids intracellularly. It also promotes anabolism, and inhibits protein catabolism. In the liver, insulin promotes the uptake and storage of glucose in the form of glycogen, inhibits gluconeogenesis, and promotes the conversion of excess glucose into fat.
Mechanism of ActionInsulin binds to the insulin receptor (IR), a heterotetrameric protein consisting of two extracellular alpha units and two transmembrane beta units. The binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of IR stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity intrinsic to the beta subunit of the receptor. The bound receptor is able to autophosphorylate and phosphorylate numerous intracellular substrates such as insulin receptor substrates (IRS) proteins, Cbl, APS, Shc and Gab 1. These activated proteins, in turn, lead to the activation of downstream signaling molecules including PI3 kinase and Akt. Akt regulates the activity of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and protein kinase C (PKC) which play a critical role in metabolism.
ToxicityNA
MetabolismNA
AbsorptionNA
Volume of DistributionNA
ClearanceNA
CategoriesNA
Patents NumberNA
Date of IssueNA
Date of ExpiryNA
Drug InteractionNA
TargetNA
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand NameNA
CompanyNA
Brand DiscriptionNA
Prescribed forNA
Chemical NameNA
FormulationNA
Physcial AppearnceNA
Route of AdministrationNA
Recommended DosageNA
ContraindicationNA
Side EffectsNA
Useful Linkhttp://www.newdruginfo.com/pharmacopeia/usp28/v28230/usp28nf23s0_m40520.htm
PubMed ID25941658, 24673155, 24118819, 23448197, 28250698, 28295934, 28282219, 28275957, 28234565
3-D StructureTh1214 A chianor (Download)Th1214 B chian (View) or (Download)