==== Reference: Usmani SS, Bedi G, Samuel JS, Singh S, Kalra S, Kumar P, et al. (2017) THPdb: Database of FDA-approved peptide and protein therapeutics. PLoS ONE 12(7) e0181748.====

Detailed description page of THPdb

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1786 details
Primary information
ThPP IDTh1190
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein NameImmune Globulin Human
SequenceIGG1: PSALTQPPSASGSLGQSVTISCTGTSSDVGGYNYVSWYQQHAGK view full sequnce in fasta
Functional ClassificationIIIb
Molecular Weight142682.3
Chemical FormulaC6332H9826N1692O1980S44
Isoelectric PointNA
HydrophobicityNA
Melting Point (℃)NA
Half Life>20 hours (mammalian reticulocytes, in vitro).
DescriptionIntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a mixture of IgG1 and other antibodies derived from healthy human plasma via Cohn fractionation. The purification process includes cold alcohol fractionation, polyethylene glycol precipitation, and ion exchange chromatography. IVIg contains the same distribution of IgG antibody subclasses as is found in the general human population. IgG subclasses are fully represented in the following proportions: 70.3% IgG1, 24.7% IgG2, 3.1% IgG3, and 1.9% IgG4. IVIg is used in the treatment of immunodeficiencies, as well as autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.
Indication/DiseaseIVIg is used in the treatment of immunodeficiencies, as well as autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. These indications includes idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Kawasaki disease, hypogammaglobulinemia, B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, bone marrow transplant complications, Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, myesthenia gravis, Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome and inflammatory skin diseases.
PharmacodynamicsUsed as a replacement therapy in inherited humoral immunodeficiency disorders such as severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome, x-linked agammaglobulinemia, and Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. The immunoglobulins target, bind and kill bacterial cells as well as viral particles. IgG is the monomeric immunoglobulin of which there are four subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4) in differing abundances (66%, 23%, 7% and 4%). IgAs represent about 15% of the immunoglobulins in the blood. These target inhaled or ingested pathogens.
Mechanism of ActionIVIg interacts with a number of different components of the immune system, including cytokines, complement, Fc receptors and several cell surface immunocompetent molecules. IVIg also impacts different effector cells of the immune system (B and T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, etc.) and regulates a wide range of genes. Its main mechanism of actions are believed to be Fc-dependent and F(ab')2-dependent. IVIg competitively blocks gamma Fc receptors, preventing the binding and ingestion of phagocytes and suppressing platelet depletion. IVIg contains a number of different antobodies, which prevent infection by attaching to the surface of invading pathogens and aiding in their disposal before they can infect cells. Antibodies remove pathogens via complement activation, agglutination or precipitation, pathogen receptor blocking, macrophage “tagging” or neutralization (via binding) of pathogen toxins. Intact IVIg and F(ab′)2 fragments of IVIg can also neutralize the activity of various autoantibodies. By triggering the production of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, IVIg modulates of the production of cytokines and cytokine antagonists. It also prevents the generation of the C5b-9 membrane attack complex and subsequent complement-mediated tissue damage by binding active complement components.
ToxicityNA
MetabolismNA
AbsorptionNA
Volume of DistributionNA
ClearanceNA
CategoriesImmunologic Factors; Immunosuppressive Agents; Anti-Infective Agents
Patents NumberNA
Date of IssueNA
Date of ExpiryNA
Drug InteractionEstradiol may increase the thrombogenic activities of Intravenous Immunoglobulin; Estropipate may increase the thrombogenic activities of Intravenous Immunoglobulin.
TargetHigh affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I; High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor IB; Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a; Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b; Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-c; Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A; Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-B; Complement C3; Complement C4-A; Complement C4-B; Complement C5.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand NameBivigam
CompanyBiotest Pharmaceuticals Corporation
Brand DiscriptionBIVIGAM is a purified, sterile, ready-to-use preparation of concentrated human immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. The distribution of IgG subclasses is similar to that of normal plasma.19,20 The active ingredient is human immunoglobulin purified from source human plasma and processed using a modified classical Cohn Method 6 / Oncley Method 9 fractionation procedure. BIVIGAM contains 100 ± 10 mg/mL protein, of which not less than 96% is human immunoglobulin obtained from source human plasma.
Prescribed forBIVIGAM is an Immune Globulin Intravenous (Human), 10% Liquid, indicated for the treatment of patients with primary humoral immunodeficiency (PI).
Chemical NameNA
Formulation10 g/100mL
Physcial Appearnceinjection, solution
Route of AdministrationIntravenous
Recommended DosageThe recommended dose of BIVIGAM for replacement therapy in primary humoral immunodeficiency (PI) is 300 to 800 mg/kg body weight administered every 3 to 4 weeks. The dosage may be adjusted over time to achieve the desired trough levels and clinical response.
ContraindicationBIVIGAM is contraindicated in patients who have had an anaphylactic or severe systemic reaction to the administration of human immune globulin. BIVIGAM is contraindicated in IgA deficiency patients with antibodies to IgA and a history of hypersensitivity.
Side EffectsSerious adverse reactions observed in clinical trial subjects receiving BIVIGAM were vomiting and dehydration in one subject. The most common adverse reactions to BIVIGAM (reported in ≥ 5% of clinical study subjects) were headache, fatigue, infusion site reaction, nausea, sinusitis, blood pressure increased, diarrhea, dizziness, and lethargy.
Useful Linkhttp://www.rxlist.com/bivigam-drug.htm
PubMed ID20970960, 17911465, 16998749, 16876901
3-D StructureTh1190 (View) or (Download)