| Primary information |
|---|
| ThPP ID | Th1115 |
| Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name | Teicoplanin |
| Sequence | N.A. view full sequnce in fasta |
| Functional Classification | IIa |
| Molecular Weight | 1879.658 |
| Chemical Formula | C88H97Cl2N9O33 |
| Isoelectric Point | N.A. |
| Hydrophobicity | N.A. |
| Melting Point (℃) | N.A. |
| Half Life | 70-100 hrs |
| Description | Glycopeptide antibiotic. It is a mixture of several compounds majorly teicoplanin A2-1 through A2-5, along with four minor ones, teicoplanin RS-1 through RS-4. They all share a same glycopeptide core, referred to as teicoplanin A3-1, which is a fused ring structure bound by two carbohydrates (mannose and N-acetylglucosamine). The components also contain a third carbohydrate moiety, β-D-glucosamine, and differ only by the length and conformation of a side chain attached to it. |
| Indication/Disease | For the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. |
| Pharmacodynamics | Teicoplanin is an antibiotic used in the prophylaxis and treatment of serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. It is a glycopeptide antiobiotic extracted from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus, with a similar spectrum of activity to vancomycin. Its mechanism of action is to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis. Oral teicoplanin has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of pseudomembranous colitis and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea, with comparable efficacy to vancomycin. |
| Mechanism of Action | Teicoplanin inhibits peptidoglycan polymerization, resulting in inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis and cell death. |
| Toxicity | N.A. |
| Metabolism | Two metabolites (metabolites 1 and 2; 2 to 3% of total teicoplanin) have been isolated after intravenous administration of radiolabeled teicoplanin. After purification, their structures were found to be new teicoplanin-like molecules, bearing 8-hydroxydecanoic and 9-hydroxydecanoic acyl moieties. This metabolic transformation is likely due to hydroxylation in the omega-2 and omega-1 positions for metabolites 1 and 2, respectively, of the C-10 linear side chain of component A2-3. This might explain the low extent of metabolism of teicoplanin if we consider that only component A2-3 has a linear chain that is susceptible to such oxidation. |
| Absorption | Teicoplanin is poorly absorbed after oral administration but is 90% bioavailable when administered intramuscularly. |
| Volume of Distribution | N.A. |
| Clearance | N.A. |
| Categories | Anti-Bacterial Agents |
| Patents Number | N.A. |
| Date of Issue | N.A. |
| Date of Expiry | N.A. |
| Drug Interaction | N.A. |
| Target | D-Ala-D-Ala moiety of NAM/NAG peptide subunits of peptidoglycan |
| Information of corresponding available drug in the market |
|---|
| Brand Name | Targocid |
| Company | NPS Pharmaceuticals |
| Brand Discription | An antitumor antibiotic. Teicoplanin is a lipoglycopeptide antibiotic extracted from Actinoplanes teichomiceticus. Acts against Gram-postive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus fecalis. Its mechanism of action is through inhibition of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. Displays spectrum of activity similar to Vancomycin. |
| Prescribed for | Acts against Gram-postive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus fecalis. Targocid is indicated in adults and in children from birth for the parenteral treatment of the following infections skin and soft tissue infections, bone and joint infections, hospital acquired pneumonia, community acquired pneumonia, complicated urinary tract infections, infective endocarditis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), bacteraemia that occurs in association with any of the indications listed above. Targocid is also indicated as an alternative oral treatment for Clostridium difficile infection-associated diarrhoea and colitis. |
| Chemical Name | N.A. |
| Formulation | Each vial of Targocid injection contains 400 mg teicoplanin. The glass vial also contains an inactive ingredient, sodium chloride which is included to minimise stinging and pain when the injection is administered. There are no dyes, gluten or preservatives in Targocid injection. |
| Physcial Appearnce | Light yellow solid |
| Route of Administration | Intramuscular, Intravenous |
| Recommended Dosage | N.A. |
| Contraindication | Serious, life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions, sometimes fatal, have been reported with teicoplanin (e.g. anaphylactic shock). If an allergic reaction to teicoplanin occurs, treatment should be discontinued immediately and appropriate emergency measures should be initiated. Teicoplanin must be administered with caution in patients with known hypersensitivity to vancomycin, as crossed hypersensitivity reactions, including fatal anaphylactic shock, may occur. However, a prior history of red man syndrome with vancomycin is not a contraindication to the use of teicoplanin. |
| Side Effects | Infusion related reactions, Severe bullous reactions, Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Superinfection |
| Useful Link | https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/27321 http://www.nps.org.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/16786/swctargo10197.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teicoplanin |
| PubMed ID | 17667792, 1444298, 1416858, 2977108 |
| 3-D Structure | N.A. |