| Primary information |
|---|
| ThPP ID | Th1046 |
| Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name | Abciximab |
| Sequence | H ReoPro-like antibody Heavy Chain 1: EVQLQQSGAELV view full sequnce in fasta |
| Functional Classification | IIa |
| Molecular Weight | 145651.1 |
| Chemical Formula | C6462H9964N1690O2049S48 |
| Isoelectric Point | 6.16 |
| Hydrophobicity | -0.424 |
| Melting Point (℃) | 71 |
| Half Life | Following intravenous bolus administration, free plasma concentrations of Abciximab decrease rapidly |
| Description | Abciximab is a Fab fragment of the chimeric human-murine monoclonal antibody 7E3. Abciximab binds to the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor of human platelets and inhibits platelet aggregation by preventing the binding of fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and other adhesive molecules. It also binds to vitronectin (αvβ3) receptor found on platelets and vessel wall endothelial and smooth muscle cells. |
| Indication/Disease | Abciximab is indicated as an adjunct to percutaneous coronary intervention for the prevention of cardiac ischemic complications in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and in patients with unstable angina not responding to conventional medical therapy when percutaneous coronary intervention is planned within 24 hours. Abciximab is intended for use with aspirin and heparin and has been studied only in that setting. |
| Pharmacodynamics | Abciximab inhibits platelet aggregation by preventing the binding of fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and other adhesive molecules to GPIIb/IIIa receptor sites on activated platelets. A single intravenous bolus dose from 0.15 mg/kg to 0.30 mg/kg produced rapid dose-dependent inhibition of platelet function. After two hours post-injection with a dose of 0.25 - 0.30 mg/kg, 80% of the GPIIb/IIIa receptors were blocked and platelet aggregation was prevented. GPIIb/IIIa is the major surface receptor involved in the final pathway of platelet aggregation. Bleeding time increases to over 30 minutes at the aforementioned doses. To compare, baseline values were five minutes. |
| Mechanism of Action | Abciximab binds to the intact platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptor, which is a member of the integrin family of adhesion receptors and the major platelet surface receptor involved in platelet aggregation. This binding is thought to involve steric hindrance and/orconformational alterations which block access of large molecules to the receptor rather than direct interaction with the RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) binding site of GPIIb/IIIa. By binding to the vitronectin receptor (also known as the αvβ3 integrin), abciximab blocks effects mediated by this integrin which include cell adhesion. Furthermore, abciximab blocks Mac-1 receptor on monocytes and neutrophils thus inhibiting monocyte adhesion. |
| Toxicity | N.A. |
| Metabolism | Most likely removed by opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system when bound to platelets, or by human antimurine antibody production. Excreted renally. |
| Absorption | N.A. |
| Volume of Distribution | N.A. |
| Clearance | N.A. |
| Categories | Anticoagulants |
| Patents Number | CA1341357 |
| Date of Issue | 07/05/02 |
| Date of Expiry | 07/05/19 |
| Drug Interaction | Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided with Ginkgo biloba. |
| Target | Integrin beta-3,Integrin alpha-IIb,Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-B,Complement C1r subcomponent,Complement C1q subcomponent subunit A,Complement C1q subcomponent subunit B,Complement C1q subcomponent subunit C,Low affinity immuno |
| Information of corresponding available drug in the market |
|---|
| Brand Name | ReoPro |
| Company | Eli Lilly and Company |
| Brand Discription | Abciximab, ReoPro, is the Fab fragment of the chimeric human-murine monoclonal antibody 7E3. Abciximab binds to the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor of human platelets and inhibits platelet aggregation. Abciximab also binds to the vitronectin (_v_3) re |
| Prescribed for | ReoPro is used to lessen the chance of heart attack in people who need percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), a procedure to open blocked arteries of the heart. |
| Chemical Name | N.A. |
| Formulation | Each single use vial contains 2 mg/mL of Abciximab in a buffered solution (pH 7.2) of 0.01 M sodium phosphate, 0.15 M sodium chloride and 0.001% polysorbate 80 in Water for Injection. No preservatives are added. |
| Physcial Appearnce | Clear, colorless, Sterile, non-pyrogenic solution |
| Route of Administration | Intravenous administartion |
| Recommended Dosage | The recommended dosage of Abciximab in adults is a 0.25 mg/kg intravenous bolus administered 10-60 minutes before the start of PCI, followed by a continuous Intravenous infusion of 0.125 _g/kg/min (to a maximum of 10 _g/min) for 12 hours. |
| Contraindication | Active internal bleeding, Recent (within six weeks) gastrointestinal (GI) or genitourinary (GU) bleeding of clinical significance, History of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) within two years, or CVA with a significant residual neurological deficit, Bleeding diathesis; Administration of oral anticoagulants within seven days unless prothrombin time is I 1.2 times control; Thrombocytopenia (< 100,000 cells/pL); Recent (within six weeks) major surgery or trauma; Intracranial neoplasm, arteriovenous malformation, or aneurysm; Severe uncontrolled hypertension; Presumed or documented history of vasculitis; Use of intravenous dextran before percutaneous coronary intervention, or intent to use it during an intervention. |
| Side Effects | Bleeding; blurred vision; confusion; dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up from a lying or sitting position suddenly; sweating; unusual tiredness or weakness |
| Useful Link | http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm |
| PubMed ID | 12939213 |
| 3-D Structure | Th1046 (View) or (Download) |