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1187 details
Primary information
ThPP IDTh1024
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein NameGramicidin D
SequenceVGALAVVVWLWLWLWX view full sequnce in fasta
Functional ClassificationIIa
Molecular Weight1882.2947
Chemical FormulaC99H140N20O17
Isoelectric PointN.A.
HydrophobicityN.A.
Melting Point (℃)229
Half LifeN.A.
DescriptionGramcidin D is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14% respectively all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramcidins are 15 residue peptides with alternating D and L amino acids. The peptides assemble inside of the hydrophobic interior of the cellular lipid bilayer to form an alpha helix. The helix itself is not long enough to span the membrane but it dimerizes to form the elongated channel needed to span the whole membrane. Gramicidin D is used primarily as a topical antibiotic and is one of the three constituents of consumer antibiotic polysporin ophthalmic solution.
Indication/DiseaseFor treatment of skin lesions, surface wounds and eye infections
PharmacodynamicsGramicidin is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria because the drug is highly hemolytic, it cannot be administered internally and so is used only on the skin as a lotion or ointment. It is used primarily in the treatment of infected surface wounds, and in eye, nose, and throat infections. It is normally given with two other antibiotics (neomycin and polymixin B) as an ophthalmic solution
Mechanism of ActionGramicidin D binds and inserts itself into bacterial membranes (preference to gram-positive cell membranes) resulting in membrane disruption and permeabilization (it acts as a channel). This leads to loss of intracellular solutes (e.g., K+ and amino acids); dissipation of the transmembrane potential; inhibition of respiration; a reduction in ATP pools; and inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, which leads to cell death.
ToxicityN.A.
MetabolismN.A.
AbsorptionN.A.
Volume of DistributionN.A.
ClearanceN.A.
CategoriesAnti-Bacterial Agents
Patents NumberN.A.
Date of IssueN.A.
Date of ExpiryN.A.
Drug InteractionN.A.
TargetN.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand NameNeosporin
CompanyPfizer
Brand DiscriptionNeosporin Ophthalmic Ointment(neomycin and polymyxin B sulfates and bacitracin zinc ophthalmic ointment) is a sterile antimicrobial ointment for ophthalmic use. Neomycin sulfate is the sulfate salt of neomycin B and C, which are produced by the growth of
Prescribed forNeosporin ointment is an antibiotic combination which works by killing sensitive bacteria on the skin or in wounds.Thus, treating and preventing infection due to minor cuts, scrapes, and burns.
Chemical NameN.A.
FormulationEach gram contains: neomycin sulfate equivalent to 3.5 mg neomycin base, polymyxin B sulfate equivalent to 10,000 polymyxin B units, bacitracin zinc equivalent to 400 bacitracin units, and white petrolatum, q.s.
Physcial AppearnceOintment
Route of AdministrationExternal use only
Recommended DosageApply the ointment every 3 or 4 hours for 7 to 10 days depending on the severity of the infection.
ContraindicationIndividuals who have shown hypersensitivity to any of its components
Side EffectsRash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue; skin irritation, pain, burning, cracking, redness, or peeling not present before using Neosporin ointment; worsening or recurrence of wound symptoms.
Useful Linkhttp://www.drugs.com/cdi/neosporin-ointment.html
PubMed ID10397797
3-D StructureTh1024 (View) or (Download)