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Primary information
ThPP ID	Th1019
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name	Peginterferon alfa-2b
Sequence	CDLPQTHSLGSRRTLMLLAQMRRISLFSCLKDRHDFGFPQEEFGNQFQKA view full sequnce in fasta
Functional Classification	Ib
Molecular Weight	31000
Chemical Formula	C130H219N43O42
Isoelectric Point	5.99
Hydrophobicity	N.A.
Melting Point (℃)	61
Half Life	Approximately 40 hours (range 22 to 60 hours) in patients with HCV infection
Description	Peginterferon alfa-2b is a covalent conjugate of recombinant alfa-2b interferon with monomethoxy polyethylene glycol (PEG). The average molecular weight of the PEG portion of the molecule is 12,000 daltons. The average molecular weight of the PEG-Intron molecule is approximately 31,000 daltons. The specific activity of peginterferon alfa-2b is approximately 0.7 x 108 IU/mg protein. Interferon alfa-2b is a water-soluble protein with a molecular weight of 19,271 daltons produced by recombinant DNA techniques. It is obtained from the bacterial fermentation of a strain of Escherichia coli bearing a genetically engineered plasmid containing an interferon gene from human leukocytes. The PEG strand protects the molecule in vivo from proteolytic breakdown, substantially increases its in vivo half-life, and reduces immunogenicity by wrapping around and physically hindering access to the protein portion of the molecule.
Indication/Disease	Used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in patients not previously treated with interferon alpha who have compensated liver disease and are at least 18 years of age.
Pharmacodynamics	Upregulates the expression of MHC I proteins, allowing for increased presentation of peptides derived from viral antigens. This enhances the activation of CD8+ T cells that are the precursors for cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and makes the macrophage a better target for CTL-mediated killing. Interferon alpha also induce the synthesis of several key antiviral mediators, including 2-5 oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5 A synthetase) and protein kinase R.
Mechanism of Action	It binds to type I interferon receptors IFNAR1 and IFNAR2c which upon dimerization, activate two Jak (Janus kinase) tyrosine kinases (Jak1 and Tyk2). These transphosphorylate themselves and phosphorylate the receptors. The phosphorylated INFAR receptors then bind to Stat1 and Stat2 (signal transducers and activators of transcription)which dimerize and activate multiple (~100) immunomodulatory and antiviral proteins. Interferon alpha binds less stably to type I interferon receptors than interferon beta.
Toxicity	N.A.
Metabolism	N.A.
Absorption	After a single subcutaneous dose of peginterferon alfa-2b, the mean absorption half-life was 4.6 hours.
Volume of Distribution	N.A.
Clearance	Oral cl=22 mL/hr/kg [patients with HCV infection], Renal elimination accounts for 30% of the clearance.
Categories	Immunosuppressive Agents
Patents Number	CA2329474
Date of Issue	0002-02-26
Date of Expiry	31/10/16
Drug Interaction	Dyphylline.Interferon increases the effect and toxicity of theophylline
Target	N.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand Name	N.A.
Company	N.A.
Brand Discription	N.A.
Prescribed for	N.A.
Chemical Name	N.A.
Formulation	N.A.
Physcial Appearnce	N.A.
Route of Administration	N.A.
Recommended Dosage	N.A.
Contraindication	N.A.
Side Effects	Headache, joint or muscle pain; nausea, dry mouth, loss of appetite, weight loss; dizziness, sleep problems (insomnia), feeling mildly anxious, depressed, or irritable; or pain, redness, swelling, or irritation where the medicine was injected.
Useful Link	http://www.rxlist.com/peg-intron-drug.htm
PubMed ID	26280154, 26261238, 25771464, 25117425, 25068004, 24974131, 24119723, 24059964, 23746377
3-D Structure	Th1019 (View) or (Download)