1. Drug Name: Isavuconazonium

Description: The cationic part of isavuconazonium sulphate is isavuconazonium, which is an organic cation. It is a prodrug for isavuconazole known as an antifungal agent used for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis. It functions as a prodrug, an inhibitor of ergosterol biosynthesis, an inhibitor of sterol 14alpha-demethylase (EC 1.14.13.70), and an antifungal agent. It is supposed to be used for multiple conditions for which currently it is in different clinical trial phases such as Aspergillosis/ invasive fungal infections, it is in third clinical trial phase, for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)/ Disseminated mucormycosis/ Aspergillosis, it is currently in second clinical trial phase for the treatment purpose. It is sponsored by Astellas Pharma Inc., (United States) under the brand name Cresemba.

Study Source: DB06636

2. Drug Name: Amphotericin B

Description: Amphotericin B is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal infections. It is mainly produced by Streptomyces nodosus, a bacterial species. It binds to ergosterol, a component of the fungal cell membrane that causes depolarization and changes the permeability of the cell membrane. This causes intracellular component leakage, cell rupture, and, finally, cell death. This drug has also been shown to stimulate host immune cells and may cause oxidative damage in fungal cells. It has completed all clinical trial phases and is approved by FDA.

Study Source: DB00681

3. Drug Name: Posaconazole

Description: Posaconazole is an antifungal drug which is used for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. It plays a role in the inhibition of 14-alpha demethylase, a cytochrome P450-dependent enzyme which prevents the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol, an important component of the fungal cell wall. It has completed all clinical trial phases and is approved by FDA. It is marketed under the brand name Noxafil, Posanol.

Study Source: DB01263

4. Drug Name: Curcumin

Description: Curcumin is a beta-diketone which is derived from a ferulic acid. It is found in the root of Curcuma longa, with a variety of pharmacologic properties. It inhibits the generation of reactive oxygen species, has anti-inflammatory characteristics due to suppression of cyclooxygenases (COX) and other inflammatory enzymes, and affects cell signalling through a variety of pathways, including inhibition of protein kinase C. These activities could contribute to the agent's antineoplastic capabilities, which include reduction of tumour cell proliferation and suppression of chemically induced carcinogenesis and tumour growth in animal cancer models. A recent study shows its role in interaction with fungal CYP51B to behave like an antifungal agent.

Study Source: 34600893

5. Drug Name: Jawsamycin

Description: Jawsamycin is a metabolite which is isolated from Streptoverticillium fervens, which exhibits broad spectrum antifungal activity against several pathogenic fungi. It targets the catalytic subunit of the fungal UDP-glycosyltransferase, which catalyses the first step in the production of GPI anchors. Currently, it is in pre-clinical phase.

Study Source: 32636417

6. Drug Name: Voriconazole

Description: Voriconazole is an antifungal drug which inhibits 14-alpha-lanosterol demethylation, limiting the synthesis of ergosterol resulting in fungal cell lysis. It has completed all clinical trial phases and is approved by FDA. It is sponsored by Pfizer under the brand name Vfend.

Study Source: DB00582

7. Drug Name: Itraconazole

Description: Itraconazole is an antifungal agent that targets the lanosterol 14-α-demethylase and inhibits the biosynthesis of ergosterol. It has been used against histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcal meningitis & aspergillosis.

Study Source: 33374996

8. Drug Name: Echinocandins

Description: Echinocandins, a class of antifungal drugs that are specific and noncompetitive inhibitors of β-(1,3)- D-glucan synthase (GS), play important role in the synthesis of the essential component of the fungal cell wall. Three echinocandin antifungal agents were approved for use in US i.e; caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin.

Study Source: 19724014

9. Drug Name: Terbinafine

Description: Terbinafine is an allylamine antifungal inhibits the enzy- matic action of fungal squalene epoxidase, which catalyse the biosynthesis of ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane.

Study Source: 1543672

10. Drug Name: Rapamycin

Description: Rapamycin exerts an antifungal action by inhibiting a conserved FKBP12-dependent TOR kinase and also by inhibiting calcineurin phosphatase activity.

Study Source: 22210828

11. Drug Name: Tacrolimus

Description: Tacrolimus exerts its antifungal effect through FKBP12-dependant inhibition of PP2B.

Study Source: 36566630

12. Drug Name: Anti-CotH3 antibodies

Description: Anti-CotH3 antibodies targets the 16-mer peptide region of the CotH3 of Mucorales which binds Bind to glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) on endothelial cells. These antibodies helps in the prevention of invasion, enhanced phagocyte recruitment, and increased fungal clearance via enhanced opsonophagocytosis.

Study Source: 31206021

13. Drug Name: Manogepix & prodrug fosmanogepix

Description: Manogepix & prodrug fosmanogepix targets the Inositol acyltransferases (Gwt1) and prevents the maturation of GPI-anchored proteins.

Study Source: 21825291

14. Drug Name: Fluvastatin & other statin

Description: Fluvastatin & other statin targets the Hydroxymethylglutaryl- CoA (HMGCoA) reductase enzyme, Inhibits the biosynthetic pathway of sterols.

Study Source: 31953128

15. Drug Combination: Inhaled amphotericin B deoxycholate + intravenous liposomal amphotericin B; Intravenous liposomal amphotericin B alone

Description: In this study, a combination of Inhaled amphotericin B deoxycholate + intravenous liposomal amphotericin B has been used for the treatment purpose of the patients suffering from pulmonary mucormycosis showing the better results as compared to the Inhaled amphotericin B deoxycholate + intravenous liposomal amphotericin B.

Study Source: NCT04502381