| DB ID | MyCo_5712 |
| Title | CARD9 Is Required for Classical Macrophage Activation and the Induction of Protective Immunity against Pulmonary Cryptococcosis |
| Year | 2020 |
| PMID | 31911495 |
| Fungal Diseases involved | Pulmonary cryptococcosis |
| Associated Medical Condition | None |
| Genus | Cryptococcus |
| Species | neoformans |
| Organism | Cryptococcus neoformans |
| Ethical Statement | All animal experiments were conducted following NIH guidelines for housing and care of laboratory animals and in accordance with protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol number MU021) of the University of Texas at San Antonio. |
| Site of Infection | None |
| Opportunistic invasive | Opportunistic |
| Sample type | Biopsy |
| Sample source | Homogenized Lungs tissue |
| Host Group | Animal |
| Host Common name | Mice |
| Host Scientific name | Mus musculus |
| Biomarker Name | CARD9 |
| Biomarker Full Name | Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 |
| Biomarker Type | Diagnostic |
| Biomolecule | Protein |
| Geographical Location | USA |
| Cohort | Male and female CARD9 KO mice on a C57BL/6 background were a generous gift from Marcel Wüthrich (University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI), while wild-type C57BL/6 (H-2b) sex- and age-matched mice were purchased from the National Cancer Institute/Charles River Laboratories. |
| Cohort No. | None |
| Age Group | None |
| P Value | None |
| Sensitivity | None |
| Specificity | None |
| Positive Predictive Value | None |
| MIC | None |
| Fold Change | None |
| Pathway | None |
| Disease Introduction Mechanism | Cryptococcus neoformans, the predominant etiological agent of cryptococcosis, is an opportunistic fungal pathogen globally distributed throughout the environment. The primary route of infection is via inhalation of desiccated basidiospores or budding yeast. Cryptococcus can be cleared from the lungs, remain dormant in lung alveoli, or can disseminate to the central nervous system (CNS). Dissemination to the CNS, bones, or other tissues occurs in patients with severe deficiencies in CD4 T cell-mediated immunity, resulting in 15% of AIDS-related global deaths each year. However, Cryptococcus is also capable of affecting individuals with no obvious underlying im- munological deficiencies as demonstrated in the damage response framework by Pirofski and Casadevall. Therefore, effective clearance during the first encounter with the yeast is critical in preventing dissemination of the pathogen. We rely on resident pulmonary phagocytic cells, namely, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), to identify and effectively eradicate Cryptococcus. |
| Technique | PCR |
| Analysis Method | qRT-PCR |
| ELISA kits | None |
| Assay Data | None |
| Validation Techniques used | qRT-PCR, Bio-Plex protein array system analysis, Flow cytometry, Immunohistochemistry |
| Up Regulation Down Regulation | Positive |
| Sequence Data | None |
| External Link | None |
