| DB ID | MyCo_5166 |
| Title | Coccidioidomycosis Detection Using Targeted Plasma and Urine Metabolic Profiling |
| Year | 2019 |
| PMID | 31244214 |
| Fungal Diseases involved | Coccidioidomycosis |
| Associated Medical Condition | None |
| Genus | None |
| Species | None |
| Organism | None |
| Ethical Statement | None |
| Site of Infection | None |
| Opportunistic invasive | None |
| Sample type | Body fluid |
| Sample source | Plasma |
| Host Group | Human |
| Host Common name | Human |
| Host Scientific name | Homo sapiens |
| Biomarker Name | cGMP |
| Biomarker Full Name | cGMP |
| Biomarker Type | Diagnostic |
| Biomolecule | Metabolite |
| Geographical Location | USA |
| Cohort | A total of 48 VF patients and 99 non-VF controls were included in the study. Of the VF samples, 18 were plasma and 30 were urine. Of the non-VF control samples, 41 were from plasma and 58 were from urine. Paired plasma and urine samples were obtained from only one patient, although on different days, given that this was not a coordinated collection. The samples were collected under a previously approved IRB protocol with waived consent. Urine and plasma specimens were acquired from excess clinical specimens collected for routine standard of care at Mayo Clinic Arizona. Deidentified aliquots were provided to the Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory (College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University) for processing. Samples had been frozen under −80 °C until analysis. |
| Cohort No. | 48 Patients and 99 Control |
| Age Group | None |
| P Value | p<0.10 |
| Sensitivity | 0.944 |
| Specificity | 0.976 |
| Positive Predictive Value | None |
| MIC | None |
| Fold Change | None |
| Pathway | None |
| Disease Introduction Mechanism | Coccidioidomycosis, also known as Valley fever (VF), is a respiratory infection caused by the inhalation of airborne fungal spores of Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii. These category C fungal pathogens are endemic to desert climates with mild winters and arid summers, such as those in the Southwestern United States, including California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, and parts of Northern Mexico and South America. From 1990 to 2008, 3089 deaths in the United States were attributed to coccidioidomycosis, or roughly 200 per year. In states where VF is endemic, the overall incidence is estimated to be 42.6 cases per every 100 000 persons per year. Between 1998 and 2016, Arizona accounted for 51−79% of all reported cases of VF in the United States. In highly endemic areas such as the Phoenix and Tucson metropolitan areas of Arizona, VF is estimated to account for 15−30% of all community-acquired pneumonias (CAPs), and evidence seems to suggest that diagnoses are under-reported due to low testing rates.6 Therefore, VF is a common threat to human health, especially in endemic areas. |
| Technique | Liquid chromatography |
| Analysis Method | Metabolomics Approach |
| ELISA kits | None |
| Assay Data | None |
| Validation Techniques used | Liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry-based metabolic profiling approach |
| Up Regulation Down Regulation | Positive |
| Sequence Data | None |
| External Link | None |
