| DB ID | MyCo_1762 |
| Title | Serum antibody signature directed against Candida albicans Hsp90 and enolase detects invasive candidiasis in non-neutropenic patients |
| Year | 2014 |
| PMID | 25377742 |
| Fungal Diseases involved | Invasive candidiasis |
| Associated Medical Condition | None |
| Genus | Candida |
| Species | albicans |
| Organism | Candida albicans |
| Ethical Statement | All patients were enrolled according to protocols approved by the Ethics Committee of Clinical Research from Salamanca Clinical Hospital after informed consent had been obtained. |
| Site of Infection | None |
| Opportunistic invasive | Opportunistic |
| Sample type | Body fluid |
| Sample source | Serum |
| Host Group | Human |
| Host Common name | Human |
| Host Scientific name | Homo sapiens |
| Biomarker Name | 22-IgG |
| Biomarker Full Name | 22-Immunoglobulins G |
| Biomarker Type | Diagnostic |
| Biomolecule | Protein |
| Geographical Location | Spain |
| Cohort | Serum samples from 83 non-neutropenic patients, which comprised 35 IC patients and 48 non-IC patients (with no clinical and microbiological evidence of IC), were collected on the day of culture sampling at the Salamanca Clinic Hospital (Spain), following a standard clinical procedure and a single-gate design. All patients were enrolled according to protocols approved by the Ethics Committee of Clinical Research from Salamanca Clinical Hospital after informed consent had been obtained. Patients were considered to be non-neutropenic if they had an absolute neutrophil count ≥500 cells/mm3. Patients with an absolute neutrophil count <500 cells/mm3 (which were defined as having neutropenia)3 were excluded from the study by definition. IC was defined as Candida isolation from blood cultures or cultures from at least three noncontiguous sites. Patients were randomly divided into a training set (12 IC and 12 matched non-IC patients) for biomarker discovery and a test set (23 IC and 36 non-IC patients) for biomarker validation. |
| Cohort No. | 83 |
| Age Group | None |
| P Value | p<0.001 |
| Sensitivity | None |
| Specificity | None |
| Positive Predictive Value | None |
| MIC | None |
| Fold Change | None |
| Pathway | None |
| Disease Introduction Mechanism | In the light of the crucial role of neutrophils in host defense mechanisms against invasive candidiasis (IC), neutropenia was reported early as an important risk factor for this life-threatening mycosis caused by Candida spp. (commonly Candida albicans, a member of the normal human microbiome). Nevertheless, over the past few decades, the incidence of IC in neutropenic patients has substantially reduced due to the widespread use of prophylactic, preemptive, and early empirical antifungal therapy strategies in this high-risk group. In contrast, the optimal management of IC in non-neutropenic patients remains a clinical challenge. This often results in delays in the initiation of adequate antifungal treatment, with the subsequent adverse clinical outcomes (increased morbidity and mortality) in this heterogeneous population of patients at risk of developing IC, which mainly includes critically ill, postsurgical, trauma, diabetic, and cancer patients. Early detection of IC could improve its clinical management in such patients. However, IC is difficult to diagnose at an early stage because of the low specificity of its clinical signs and symptoms and the limited diagnostic value of its two current gold standards, at least as far as sensitivity (blood cultures) and unfeasibility (tissue biopsies) are concerned. Furthermore, the alternative (nonculture and noninvasive) diagnostic tests that have been developed to assess individual biomarkers in bodily fluids (anti-Candida antibodies or Candida polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, or metabolites) have not proven to be sufficiently early, sensitive, or specific on their own, nor have they been standardized and validated for routine clinical practice. Taking into account the complexity and diversity of host and fungal responses underlying IC pathogenesis and the inadequate accuracy of single biomarkers, it has been suggested in recent years that combinations of multiple biomarkers or risk factors could overcome the Achilles’ heel of individual molecular or clinical indicators, respectively, and be the key to a prompt and reliable diagnosis of IC. |
| Technique | ELISA |
| Analysis Method | ELISA Based |
| ELISA kits | None |
| Assay Data | None |
| Validation Techniques used | ELISA, serological proteome analysis (SERPA), MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry, SDS-PAGE Western Blot |
| Up Regulation Down Regulation | None |
| Sequence Data | None |
| External Link | None |