| DB ID | MyCo_6769 |
| Title | Differential Mucosal Gene Expression Patterns in Candida-Associated, Chronic Oral Denture Stomatitis |
| Year | 2018 |
| PMID | 30536831 |
| Fungal Diseases involved | Candida Associated Denture Stomatitis |
| Associated Medical Condition | Chronic Oral Denture Stomatitis |
| Genus | Candida |
| Species | albicans |
| Organism | Candida albicans |
| Ethical Statement | The study protocol was approved by the UNC Institutional Review Board (IRB), No. 07–2014. |
| Site of Infection | Mouth |
| Opportunistic invasive | None |
| Sample type | Biopsy |
| Sample source | Oral palatal biopsies |
| Host Group | Human |
| Host Common name | Human |
| Host Scientific name | Homo sapiens |
| Biomarker Name | KRT 10 |
| Biomarker Full Name | Keratin 10 |
| Biomarker Type | Diagnostic |
| Biomolecule | Gene |
| Geographical Location | United States |
| Cohort | This was an exploratory study and a targeted sample size of 30 (15 subjects per group) determined to provide 80% power with two-sided alpha=0.05 significance tests to detect changes in means from continuous variables between diseased and nondiseased subjects that are 1.06 times the standard deviation of the variable. To allow for an 8 to 10% possible drop-out rate, 32 subjects were enrolled to ensure that 30 (15 subjects per group) completed the study. The study protocol was approved by the UNC Institutional Review Board (IRB), No. 07–2014. The control group (n=17) had no signs or symptoms of DS, and the diseased group (n=15) presented with Type II (n=8) or III (n = 7) DS (Newton’s classification). This level of DS includes the moderate (Type II) and severe (Type III) forms. All enrolled subjects completed the two-visit study. For all parameters of interest, therewas no apparent gradient progressing from health to Type II to Type III; therefore, Type II and Type III remained grouped as a single DS diseased group, as initially intended. |
| Cohort No. | 15 infected + 17 healthy |
| Age Group | None |
| P Value | p=0.000284 |
| Sensitivity | None |
| Specificity | None |
| Positive Predictive Value | None |
| MIC | None |
| Fold Change | -5.398 |
| Pathway | None |
| Disease Introduction Mechanism | Chronic oral stomatitis, associated with candidal infections, is common among immuno-compromised patients, including those on long-term immunosuppressant therapy and those with HIV infection,1 and can lead to oropharyngeal candidiasis. Although Candida albicans may be a component of the normal oral microbiome, without clinical evidence of infection in 30 to 50% of the population,2,3 candidal overgrowth affects approximately 50% of denture wearers,4 is associated clinically with chronic denture stomatitis (DS), and represents a common oral mucosal opportunistic infection. Clinically, DS is most typically associated with wearing a maxillary denture and manifests with chronic erythema and edema of part, or all, of the palatal mucosa that comes into contact with the maxillary denture. This lesion can include areas of both hyperkeratosis and epithelial thinning. In oral candidiasis, the pathology is usually associated with hyphal-forming strains of Candida that are capable of epithelial invasion usually limited to the more superficial epithelial keratin and granular layers. The inflammatory infiltrate consists primarily of neutrophils with scattered T lymphocyte cells. The neutrophils form microabscesses within the epithelium, which when combined with local areas of hyperkeratinosis, create a papillomatous clinical presentation to the epithelial surface. Themucosal inflammation extends to the palatal and alveolar osseous structures and is associated with bone resorption and loss of the edentulous ridge, which reduces the support for the denture. It is not known whether this bone loss, which undermines the support of the denture and thereby poses a clinical management problem, is a consequence of trauma attributable to mechanical failure of the denture (i.e., ill-fitting or loose denture) or due to the associated infection and inflammation of the mucosa. Although Candida is commonly isolated from stomatitis lesions, recent findings from an analysis of 51 DS subjects6 identified 125 fungal isolates and 711 aerobic and 67 anaerobic microbes in DS; however, despite its prevalence, the relative role of Candida in the pathological inflammatory response is difficult to assess, because Candida is usually present in the commensal flora. Therefore, therapeutic approaches may include anti-fungal and/or anti-bacterial as well as denturesanitizing agents; however, recurrence rates are high. |
| Technique | Bioinformatics analysis |
| Analysis Method | Transcriptome Based |
| ELISA kits | Transcriptome Analysis-SAM analyses, Partek and IPA software |
| Assay Data | None |
| Validation Techniques used | ELISA, Transcriptome Analysis |
| Up Regulation Down Regulation | Down regulated |
| Sequence Data | None |
| External Link | None |
