| DB ID | MyCo_6043 |
| Title | Pre-clinical Imaging of Invasive Candidiasis Using ImmunoPET/MR |
| Year | 2018 |
| PMID | 30190717 |
| Fungal Diseases involved | Invasive candidiasis |
| Associated Medical Condition | None |
| Genus | Candida |
| Species | albicans |
| Organism | Candida albicans |
| Ethical Statement | Hybridoma work described in this study was conducted under a UK Home Office Project Licence and was reviewed by the institution’s Animal Welfare Ethical Review Board (AWERB) for approval. The work was carried out in accordance with The Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 Directive 2010/63/EU and followed all the Codes of Practice which reinforce this law, including all elements of housing, care, and euthanasia of the animals. All animal molecular imaging work was performed in the Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy (Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany), and was carried out according to protocols approved by the Regierungspräsidium Tübingen (Permit Number: R9/16) as per guidelines from the European Health Law of the Federation of Laboratory Animal Science Associations (FELASA). |
| Site of Infection | Bloodstream |
| Opportunistic invasive | Opportunistic |
| Sample type | Body fluid |
| Sample source | Serum |
| Host Group | Animal |
| Host Common name | Mice |
| Host Scientific name | Mus musculus |
| Biomarker Name | (MC3)- [64Cu]NODAGA-MC3] |
| Biomarker Full Name | mouse IgG3 monoclonal antibody (MC3)- [64Cu]NODAGA-MC3] |
| Biomarker Type | Diagnostic |
| Biomolecule | Protein |
| Geographical Location | Germany |
| Cohort | Candida albicans strain SC5314 was chosen for hybridoma development as it belongs to the predominant clade of closely related C. albicans strains that represents almost 40% of all isolates worldwide, as determined by DNA fingerprinting and multi-locus sequence typing. Three-day-old GPYA Petri dish cultures of C. albicans SC5314 grown at 260C were flooded with 20 mL of sterile Milli-Q water (MQ-H2O) and the suspended cells snap frozen in liquid N2, lyophilised and placed at --200C for long-term storage. Immunogen was prepared by re-suspending lyophilised cells in sterile filtered phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 8 mM Na2HPO4, and 1.5 mM KH2PO4, pH 7.2) and 2 mg/mL suspensions heat-inactivated by placing at 550C for 45 min. The immunogen was stored at -200C before animal immunisations. For immunisations, four 6-week-old BALB/c white female mice (Charles River) were each given four intra-peritoneal injections (300 mL per injection) of immunogen at 2-week intervals and a single booster injection was given 5 days before fusion. |
| Cohort No. | None |
| Age Group | None |
| P Value | None |
| Sensitivity | None |
| Specificity | None |
| Positive Predictive Value | None |
| MIC | None |
| Fold Change | None |
| Pathway | None |
| Disease Introduction Mechanism | Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a life-threatening disease caused by the genus Candida. The disease, which encompasses both candidemia (bloodstream yeast infection) and deep-seated candidiasis (infection of the tissues beneath mucosal surfaces), can occur following gastrointestinal surgery, which allows the fungus to penetrate the mucosa, while neutropenia, caused by chemotherapy or by immunosuppression of solid-organ or hematological stem cell transplant patients, impairs immune system recognition, and clearance of Candida cells leading to disseminated infection. An estimated 400,000 cases of Candida bloodstream infection occur globally each year), making up ~3% of all nosocomial infections in Europe, and ~12% in the United States. IC is now the fourth most common bloodstream infection, behind staphylococcal and enterococcal infections, although IC carries much higher rates of mortality. While non-albicans Candida species have emerged as pathogens of immuno-compromised individuals over recent years, Candida albicans remains the most common cause of mucosal and systemic infections and is responsible for up to 70% of cases worldwide. Early detection of the pathogen is critical for prompt and effective treatment with antifungal drugs. |
| Technique | Analytic |
| Analysis Method | Positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) |
| ELISA kits | None |
| Assay Data | None |
| Validation Techniques used | ELISA, Western Blotting, PET/MRI |
| Up Regulation Down Regulation | Increase |
| Sequence Data | None |
| External Link | None |
