| DB ID | MyCo_5941 |
| Title | Innate immunity to the pathogenic fungus Coccidioides posadasii is dependent on Toll-like receptor 2 and Dectin-1 |
| Year | 2005 |
| PMID | 15731053 |
| Fungal Diseases involved | Coccidioidomycosis |
| Associated Medical Condition | None |
| Genus | Coccidioides |
| Species | posadasii |
| Organism | Coccidioides posadasii |
| Ethical Statement | None |
| Site of Infection | None |
| Opportunistic invasive | Opportunistic |
| Sample type | Body fluid |
| Sample source | Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) |
| Host Group | Animal |
| Host Common name | Mice |
| Host Scientific name | Mus musculus |
| Biomarker Name | TLR2 |
| Biomarker Full Name | Toll-Like Receptor 2 |
| Biomarker Type | Diagnostic |
| Biomolecule | Protein |
| Geographical Location | South Africa |
| Cohort | Female C57BL/6J, C57BL/10J, C3H/HeJ, and C3H/OuJ mice were purchased from Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, Maine). TLR2 /, MyD88 / , and TLR4 / mice on a C57BL/6J background created by Shizuo Akira (Osaka University) were provided by Peter Tobias (Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, Calif.) and Eyal Raz (University of California, San Diego, Calif.). C57BL/10/ScCr mice, which have a deletion of the TLR4 gene, were purchased from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. All mice were 6 to 8 weeks of age, housed in a pathogen-free facility, and handled according to the recommended guidelines. |
| Cohort No. | None |
| Age Group | None |
| P Value | p<0.05 |
| Sensitivity | None |
| Specificity | None |
| Positive Predictive Value | None |
| MIC | None |
| Fold Change | None |
| Pathway | None |
| Disease Introduction Mechanism | Coccidioides spp. are pathogenic fungi that cause coccidioidomycosis or San Joaquin Valley fever in humans. The areas to which the disease is endemic include the desert southwest of the Unites States as well as Northern Mexico and Central and South America. There are two species of Coccidioides: Coccidioides immitis, which is found exclusively in California, and Coccidioides posadasii, formerly known as non-California C. immitis, which is found primarily in Texas, Arizona, and the areas of endemicity in Central and South America. The disease has been emerging in areas to which it is not endemic and increasing in incidence among immunocompromised hosts. Infection with Coccidioides spp. occurs by inhalation of arthroconidia that are formed within mycelia that grow in the desert soil. Inside the lung, arthroconidia differentiate into large, multinucleate spherules, a pathognomonic structure. After mature spherules rupture, endospores are released, grow, and differentiate into the next generation of spherules. Infection results in a wide range of symptoms, from none (asymptomatic infection detected by skin test positivity) to death from extrapulmonary dissemination, depending upon the immunological status and host genetic factors that are not yet defined. |
| Technique | PCR |
| Analysis Method | TaqMan RT-PCR |
| ELISA kits | ELISA Kit (OptEIA Set; Pharmingen), ELISA Kit (BD Biosciences), ELISA Kit (Duo Set; R&D Systems), RNeasy Mini kit (QIAGEN) |
| Assay Data | None |
| Validation Techniques used | ELISA, TaqMan RT-PCR |
| Up Regulation Down Regulation | Increase |
| Sequence Data | None |
| External Link | None |
