| DB ID | MyCo_5912 |
| Title | Human vaginal epithelial cells augment autophagy marker genes in response to Candida albicans infection |
| Year | 2017 |
| PMID | 28185353 |
| Fungal Diseases involved | Vulvovaginal candidiasis |
| Associated Medical Condition | None |
| Genus | Candida |
| Species | albicans |
| Organism | Candida albicans |
| Ethical Statement | None |
| Site of Infection | Vagina |
| Opportunistic invasive | Opportunistic |
| Sample type | Biopsy |
| Sample source | Extracted RNA |
| Host Group | Human |
| Host Common name | Human |
| Host Scientific name | Homo sapiens |
| Biomarker Name | LC3 |
| Biomarker Full Name | LC3 |
| Biomarker Type | Diagnostic |
| Biomolecule | Gene |
| Geographical Location | India |
| Cohort | A well-differentiated vaginal epithelial cell line, VK2/E6E7 (hereafter referred to as VECs), was developed by immortalizing normal primary human VECs with Papillomaviral genes (16/E6E7). Candida albicans (strain: 3153A) was a gift from Dr. Paul Fidel, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, LSUH, New Orleans School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA. YFP expressing Candida albicans (strain: Eno1-YFP) was a gift from Dr. Cheryl Gale, Division of Neonatology, University of Minnesota, USA. This strain expresses YFP under the enolase promoter. As enolase is constitutively expressed by both forms of the yeast, this strain expresses YFP constitutively in both yeast and hyphae forms. |
| Cohort No. | None |
| Age Group | None |
| P Value | p<.001 |
| Sensitivity | None |
| Specificity | None |
| Positive Predictive Value | None |
| MIC | None |
| Fold Change | 0.5 |
| Pathway | None |
| Disease Introduction Mechanism | Candida albicans is a commensal organism in most humans, yet it can cause a wide range of diseases with the most common ones being superficial infection of esophagus, oropharyngeal region, vaginal mucosa and skin. It can even breach the epithelial barrier, reach the blood stream, and disseminate to cause invasive candidiasis with a mortality rate of ~30%-40%. It can also cause infections of the uro-genital tract like candiduria, Candida balanitis in men, and vulvo-vaginal candidiasis (VVC) in mostly healthy women.VVC is a widespread disease and is the second most common cause of inflammation of the vagina, clinically known as vaginitis. Candida species are the major causative agents of VVC with Candida albicans being the predominant pathogen. This commensal cum opportunistic pathogen is capable of undergoing morphological switching between yeast and hyphal form and the ability to switch to the hyphal form is a critical feature of its pathogenicity. During candidiasis, the yeast form transforms into hyphal form, which aids its invasion into the host cells.5 When C. albicans invades into the vaginal mucosa, it must be constrained by the host innate immune system until a specific immune response is initiated.6 This role is played by the vaginal epithelial cells (VECs), which provide a barrier to restrict the entry of C. albicans.7 Therefore, it is of paramount importance to understand how VECs restrict C. albicans infection. Previous studies have shown the involvement of autophagy in the clearance of fungal, bacterial, and viral infections in other cell types. |
| Technique | PCR |
| Analysis Method | RT-PCR |
| ELISA kits | ELISA Bio-Plex Pro™ Human Cytokine 17-plex Assay Kit (Bio-Rad, USA) |
| Assay Data | None |
| Validation Techniques used | ELISA, qRT-PCR, Western Blot |
| Up Regulation Down Regulation | UP regulated |
| Sequence Data | None |
| External Link | None |
