| DB ID | MyCo_5768 |
| Title | Acute Penicillium marneffei infection stimulates host M1/M2a macrophages polarization in BALB/C mice |
| Year | 2017 |
| PMID | 28821221 |
| Fungal Diseases involved | Acute Penicillium marneffei infection |
| Associated Medical Condition | None |
| Genus | Penicillium |
| Species | marneffei |
| Organism | Penicillium marneffei |
| Ethical Statement | The animal work presented in this study was approved by the Animal Care and Welfare Committee of Guangxi Medical University (201504008). |
| Site of Infection | None |
| Opportunistic invasive | None |
| Sample type | Biopsy |
| Sample source | Extracted RNA |
| Host Group | Animal |
| Host Common name | Mice |
| Host Scientific name | Mus musculus |
| Biomarker Name | Arg1 |
| Biomarker Full Name | Arginase1 |
| Biomarker Type | Diagnostic |
| Biomolecule | Gene |
| Geographical Location | China |
| Cohort | The GXHCBR P. marneffei strain was isolated from lung, liver, and spleen of the bamboo rat. The P. marneffei strain was then cultured in potato dextrose agar and grew as a mold at 25 °C. A unique characteristic of P. marneffei mold is that it can produce a soluble red pigment that diffuses into the agar. Lung tissues were resected from P. marneffei infected mice and cultured to isolate P. marneffei in potato dextrose agar. This formed typical molds in 5–7 days. P. marneffei-specific MP1 PCR data confirmed that mold on the plate was the P. marneffei pathogen. |
| Cohort No. | 150 |
| Age Group | None |
| P Value | None |
| Sensitivity | None |
| Specificity | None |
| Positive Predictive Value | None |
| MIC | None |
| Fold Change | None |
| Pathway | None |
| Disease Introduction Mechanism | Penicillium marneffei (P. marneffei), discovered in 1956 by Capponi et al., is a thermally dimorphic Penicillium that causes a lethal systemic infection, even though other Penicillium species are usually not pathogenic to humans. Clinically, P. marneffei is one of the most important opportunistic infectious pathogens in Southeast Asia and can cause a life-threatening systemic mycosis in immunocompromised individuals, and sometimes in immunocompetent individuals. For example, Hu et al. reviewed 668 cases of P. marneffei between 1984 and December 2009 in Mainland China and showed that 99.4% of cases were reported in the southern part of China (Guangxi and Guangdong provinces), with 87.7% of these infections occurring in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Only 8.5% of patients did not have HIV. HIV-reduced levels of CD4+ T cells could make host anti-P. marneffei immune responses ineffective, and therefore, make P. marneffei infection difficult to control in such patients. Therefore, HIV patients successfully treated for P. marneffei infection should receive long-term maintenance therapy to prevent recurrence. Most opportunistic infections, such as Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Pneumocystis, rely more heavily on innate immunity when they are T cell deficient. Macrophages are innate immune cells that have critical roles in protection against pulmonary fungal pathogens, including C. neoformans, A. fumigatus, Pneumocystis and Candida albicans. Macrophage polarization state has the potential to be a deciding factor in disease progression or resolution. |
| Technique | PCR |
| Analysis Method | qRT-PCR |
| ELISA kits | ELISA kits (Cat #CSB-E07360m, #CSB-E04594m, and #CSB-E04741m; CUSABIO, Wuhan, China) |
| Assay Data | None |
| Validation Techniques used | ELISA, qRT-PCR |
| Up Regulation Down Regulation | Increase |
| Sequence Data | None |
| External Link | None |
