| DB ID | MyCo_5122 |
| Title | Trehalose as quantitative biomarker for in vivo diagnosis and treatment follow-up in cryptococcomas |
| Year | 2020 |
| PMID | 33166695 |
| Fungal Diseases involved | Cryptococcosis |
| Associated Medical Condition | None |
| Genus | Cryptococcus |
| Species | gattii |
| Organism | Cryptococcus gattii |
| Ethical Statement | All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with European Directive 2010/63/EU and approved by the animal ethics committee of KU Leuven. |
| Site of Infection | Brain |
| Opportunistic invasive | Invasive |
| Sample type | Biopsy |
| Sample source | Homogenized Brain Tissue |
| Host Group | Animal |
| Host Common name | Mice |
| Host Scientific name | Mus musculus |
| Biomarker Name | Trehalose |
| Biomarker Full Name | Trehalose |
| Biomarker Type | Diagnostic |
| Biomolecule | Protein |
| Geographical Location | Australia |
| Cohort | A group of animals injected with C. neoformans H99 (GFP+) or C. gattii R265 (GFP+) (n = 4 each) was scanned repeatedly using MRI and MRS on day 1, 3, 7, 10, and 13 or 14 postinfection (p. i.). A second group of animals was scanned only once between day 5 and 13 and was sacrificed immediately afterwards for CFU analysis (C. neoformans H99 (GFP +): n = 20, C. gattii R265 (GFP+): n = 11). Mice injected intracranially with C. neoformans serotype A strains AD5-53a (n = 3), and AD1-83a (n = 2), or serotype D strain 1841 (n = 2) were scanned using MRI and MRS on day 7 or 14 p.i. Additional animals were injected with C. neoformans H99 (GFP+) for ex vivo MR spectroscopy of cryptococcomas. Two patients with confirmed crypto- coccoma underwent brain MRI/MRS at Westmead Hospital (Westmead, New South Wales, Australia). At the time of MRI/MRS, patient 1 (59-year-old female) had received FLC and AMB treatment for 5 weeks and patient 2 (58-year-old female) had received FLC treatment for 4 weeks. Cryptococcosis was confirmed by positive cultures from biopsy (patient 1) and CSF samples. |
| Cohort No. | None |
| Age Group | None |
| P Value | None |
| Sensitivity | None |
| Specificity | None |
| Positive Predictive Value | None |
| MIC | None |
| Fold Change | None |
| Pathway | None |
| Disease Introduction Mechanism | Cryptococcosis is a potentially life-threatening fungal infection, affecting the lungs and the brain of patients. Early diagnosis of cryptococcal lesions in the brain is critical for rapid therapeutic intervention but often requires invasive biopsies. Cryptococcosis most frequently presents as meningoencephalitis, but cryptococci also cause parenchymal mass lesions (cryptococcomas). These lesions are reported in approximately 20% of patients, particularly in HIV-negative individuals, are difficult to treat and are associated with higher mortality. Given the nonspecific symptoms of the disease, neuroimaging using CT or MRI is often part of the diagnostic work-up in higher-income countries. Despite its demonstrated sensitivity for detecting and localizing lesions, anatomical MRI is unable to differentiate cryptococcal lesions from other types of mass lesions such as tumors or bacterial abscesses with cer- tainty. This often leads to an incorrect initial diagnosis which delays appropriate treatment. |
| Technique | Analytic |
| Analysis Method | Metabolic Profiling using Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) |
| ELISA kits | None |
| Assay Data | None |
| Validation Techniques used | Metabolic Profiling using Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) |
| Up Regulation Down Regulation | Positive |
| Sequence Data | None |
| External Link | None |
