| DB ID | MyCo_4630 |
| Title | Determination of aflatoxin biomarkers in excreta and ileal content of chickens |
| Year | 2019 |
| PMID | 31198963 |
| Fungal Diseases involved | Fungal infection |
| Associated Medical Condition | None |
| Genus | Aspergillus |
| Species | flavus |
| Organism | Aspergillus flavus |
| Ethical Statement | All animal handling procedures were approved by the University of Geor- gia’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. |
| Site of Infection | None |
| Opportunistic invasive | None |
| Sample type | Body fluid |
| Sample source | Urine |
| Host Group | Animal |
| Host Common name | Chicken |
| Host Scientific name | Gallus gallus |
| Biomarker Name | AFM1 |
| Biomarker Full Name | Aflatoxin M1 |
| Biomarker Type | Diagnostic |
| Biomolecule | Metabolite |
| Geographical Location | USA |
| Cohort | The experiment was conducted at the University of Georgia (Athens, GA, USA) using Cobb-Cobb 500 straight-run broilers obtained on the day of hatch. Birds were housed in an environmentally controlled rearing room with 24 hr lighting in Petersime battery brooder units. Treatments were assigned to the pens as a randomized complete block design. All animal handling procedures were approved by the University of Georgia’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. A total of 8 pens, each with 7 chicks, were assigned to 1 feeding group. Birds received water and were allowed to feed ad libitum. Excreta were collected from each pen on days 7, 14, and 21 (8 pens × 3 groups = 24 samples). Ileal contents were collected of 2 individual birds culled on days 7 and 14 and pooled, whereas ileal contents were collected separately on day 21. Chicken excreta and ileal content samples were lyophilized, homogenized using a rolling pin and stored at−80◦C until analysis. |
| Cohort No. | 8 |
| Age Group | None |
| P Value | None |
| Sensitivity | None |
| Specificity | None |
| Positive Predictive Value | None |
| MIC | None |
| Fold Change | None |
| Pathway | None |
| Disease Introduction Mechanism | Aflatoxins are among the most potent natural carcinogens. The 4 main aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2) are produced by members of the genus Aspergillus, in particular Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, who frequently infect crops such as maize and ground- nuts in warm, humid climate conditions around the globe. Aflatoxin-containing mold is also a consequence of inappropriate post-harvest storage and drying conditions that lead to secondary infection notably on herbs, pistachio nuts, and fruits. Additionally, carryover of aflatoxins and their metabolites into animal products like milk, meat, eggs can pose a threat for public health. |
| Technique | Liquid chromatography |
| Analysis Method | LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry) |
| ELISA kits | None |
| Assay Data | None |
| Validation Techniques used | LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry) |
| Up Regulation Down Regulation | Positive |
| Sequence Data | None |
| External Link | None |
