| DB ID | MyCo_3943 |
| Title | Cryptococcus neoformans-derived microvesicles enhance the pathogenesis of fungal brain infection |
| Year | 2012 |
| PMID | 23144903 |
| Fungal Diseases involved | Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis |
| Associated Medical Condition | None |
| Genus | Cryptococcus |
| Species | neoformans |
| Organism | Cryptococcus neoformans |
| Ethical Statement | The animal study was performed in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health. Our protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of The Saban Research Institute of CHLA (Permit number: A3276-01). All surgery was performed under anesthesia with ketamine and lidocaine, and all efforts were made to minimize suffering. All research involving human participants has been approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA). Human brain micro-vascular endothelial cells were isolated in accordance with the protocol approved by the CHLA Committee on Clinical Investigations (CCI), which is the IRB for Human Subjects at Saban Research Institute of CHLA. This protocol has been granted a waiver of informed or signed consent per 45 CFR 46.116(d) and a waiver of HIPAA authorization per the Privacy Rule (45 CFR Part 160 and Subparts A and E of Part 164). No minors/children participants were involved in our studies. |
| Site of Infection | Brain |
| Opportunistic invasive | None |
| Sample type | Biopsy |
| Sample source | Extracted brain tissue |
| Host Group | Animal |
| Host Common name | Mice |
| Host Scientific name | Mus musculus |
| Biomarker Name | CnMVs |
| Biomarker Full Name | C. neoformans-derived microvesicles (CnMVs) |
| Biomarker Type | Diagnostic |
| Biomolecule | Protein |
| Geographical Location | USA |
| Cohort | None |
| Cohort No. | None |
| Age Group | None |
| P Value | None |
| Sensitivity | None |
| Specificity | None |
| Positive Predictive Value | None |
| MIC | None |
| Fold Change | None |
| Pathway | None |
| Disease Introduction Mechanism | Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis is the most common fungal disease in the central nervous system. It is also a major cause of death in AIDS patients. To infect the brain, C. neoformans must cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is formed mainly by brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) with tight junctions between the cells. Using human BMECs (HBMECs) as an in vitro model of BBB, we have previously found that C. neoformans crosses the BBB through a zipper mechanism, and CD44 on the lipid rafts may play the role as the host receptor for C. neoformans invasion. However, the definitive mechanisms of C. neoformans brain invasion and infection are still largely unknown. |
| Technique | Immunological assay |
| Analysis Method | Immunofluorescence Microscopy Analysis |
| ELISA kits | None |
| Assay Data | None |
| Validation Techniques used | Immunofluorescence Microscopy Analysis |
| Up Regulation Down Regulation | Positive |
| Sequence Data | None |
| External Link | None |
