| DB ID | MyCo_3917 |
| Title | Very low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are not associated with immunologic changes or clinical outcome in South African patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis |
| Year | 2014 |
| PMID | 24825871 |
| Fungal Diseases involved | Cryptococcal meningitis |
| Associated Medical Condition | HIV-AIDS |
| Genus | Cryptococcus |
| Species | neoformans |
| Organism | Cryptococcus neoformans |
| Ethical Statement | The studies were ap-proved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Cape Town, and patients gave informed consent for blood and CSF samples to be used for research purposes. |
| Site of Infection | None |
| Opportunistic invasive | None |
| Sample type | Body fluid |
| Sample source | Plasma |
| Host Group | Human |
| Host Common name | Human |
| Host Scientific name | Homo sapiens |
| Biomarker Name | 25(OH)D |
| Biomarker Full Name | 25-Hydroxyvitamin D |
| Biomarker Type | Negative |
| Biomolecule | Protein |
| Geographical Location | South Africa |
| Cohort | Participants were recruited at GF Jooste Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, between July 2005 and May 2010. One hundred fifty participants were HIV-infected adults (aged ≥21 years) with a first episode of CM (cases), diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) India ink or cryptococcal antigen testing (titers ≥1:1024; Meridian Cryptococcal Latex Agglutination System, Meridian Bioscience, Cincinnati, Ohio), who were enrolled sequentially in 2 clinical trials examining different amphotericin B–based induction regimens. Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) were measured in 150 patients with cryptococcal menin-gitis (CM) and 150 HIV-infected controls in Cape Town, South Africa, and associations between vitamin D defi-ciency and CM were examined. The 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and cryptococcal notifications were analyzed for evidence of reciprocal seasonality. |
| Cohort No. | 150 patients and 150 control |
| Age Group | ≥21 |
| P Value | p=.796 |
| Sensitivity | None |
| Specificity | None |
| Positive Predictive Value | None |
| MIC | None |
| Fold Change | None |
| Pathway | None |
| Disease Introduction Mechanism | Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a leading cause of death in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected individuals in low-resource settings. The causative organism, Cryptococcus neoformans, is a fac-ultative intracellular pathogen that has developed nu-merous strategies allowing it to survive and replicate inside macrophages. Environmental exposure to Cryptococcus is universal. In the context of impaired adaptive immune responses, the ability of Cryptococcus to evade macrophage killing leads to dissemination, dis-ease, and ultimately death. |
| Technique | Immunological assay |
| Analysis Method | Immunodiagnostics Systems analysis |
| ELISA kits | Immunodiagnostics Systems’ 25(OH)D kit (REF IS2700) |
| Assay Data | None |
| Validation Techniques used | Immunodiagnostics Systems analysis |
| Up Regulation Down Regulation | Negative |
| Sequence Data | None |
| External Link | None |
