| DB ID | MyCo_3389 |
| Title | Anti-PD-1 Antibody Treatment Promotes Clearance of Persistent Cryptococcal Lung Infection in Mice |
| Year | 2017 |
| PMID | 29038249 |
| Fungal Diseases involved | Cryptococcal Lung infection |
| Associated Medical Condition | None |
| Genus | Cryptococcus |
| Species | neoformans |
| Organism | Cryptococcus neoformans |
| Ethical Statement | All experiments were approved by the Veterans Administration Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Mice were 8–12 weeks of age at the time of infection with C. neoformans . |
| Site of Infection | None |
| Opportunistic invasive | None |
| Sample type | Biopsy |
| Sample source | Extracted Lungs tissue |
| Host Group | Animal |
| Host Common name | Mice |
| Host Scientific name | Mus musculus |
| Biomarker Name | anti-PD-1 |
| Biomarker Full Name | anti-Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 |
| Biomarker Type | Diagnostic |
| Biomolecule | Protein |
| Geographical Location | Ann Arbor, MI |
| Cohort | Female C57BL/6J mice were obtained from The Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME) and housed under specific pathogen-free conditions in the Animal Care Facility at the VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System. |
| Cohort No. | None |
| Age Group | None |
| P Value | None |
| Sensitivity | None |
| Specificity | None |
| Positive Predictive Value | None |
| MIC | None |
| Fold Change | None |
| Pathway | None |
| Disease Introduction Mechanism | Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans ) is an encapsulated fungus acquired by inhalation. Pulmonary infection with C. neoformans results in one of three generalized outcomes: clearance, persistence, or progression. Persistent and progressive infections are frequent in immunocompromised individuals; infection with C. neoformans constitutes the second most common fungal infection in organ transplant recipients. Further, out of an estimated 278,000 new cases of cryptococcosis annually, approximately 223,100 patients will develop cryptococcal meningitis with 81% of these cases resulting in death; thus cryptococcal disease is the second leading cause of AIDS-related mortality in HIV-positive individuals behind tuberculosis. In patients surviving initial infection, up to 15% of HIV- positive, C. neoformans -infected individuals relapse despite conventional anti-fungal treatments (3). Although uncommon, clinically significant infections have been reported in seemingly immunocompetent hosts. Antibiotic treatment of these infections is often toxic and lengthy (potentially life-long). Thus, novel approaches that augment conventional therapy are needed. |
| Technique | Analytic |
| Analysis Method | Flow Cytometry Analysis |
| ELISA kits | QuantiTect SYBR Green RT-PCR Kit (Qiagen; Germantown, MD) |
| Assay Data | None |
| Validation Techniques used | qRT-PCR, Flow Cytometry Analysis |
| Up Regulation Down Regulation | Decrease |
| Sequence Data | None |
| External Link | None |
