| DB ID | MyCo_2734 |
| Title | Serological biomarkers of candidemia: a retrospective evaluation of three assays |
| Year | 2018 |
| PMID | 30264200 |
| Fungal Diseases involved | Candidemia |
| Associated Medical Condition | None |
| Genus | Candida |
| Species | spp. |
| Organism | Candida spp. |
| Ethical Statement | This retrospective study was reviewed and approved by the ethics committee of our university hospital (Ethikkommission der Medizinischen Fakultät der LMU München), and a waiver of informed consent was granted. |
| Site of Infection | Bloodstream |
| Opportunistic invasive | Opportunistic |
| Sample type | Body fluid |
| Sample source | Serum |
| Host Group | Human |
| Host Common name | Human |
| Host Scientific name | Homo sapiens |
| Biomarker Name | BDG |
| Biomarker Full Name | 1-3-beta-D-Glucan |
| Biomarker Type | Diagnostic |
| Biomolecule | Protein |
| Geographical Location | Germany |
| Cohort | This study took place at the Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology that hosts the central microbiology laboratory for the University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, a 2000 bed university medical center in Munich, Germany. Between 2010 and 2017, we identified 120 cases of culture-proven candidemia with corresponding serum samples, which were obtained up to 6 days before sampling of the positive BC. The majority of sera dates from the same day as BC (hereafter referred to as “day 0”). We included four patients with two episodes of candidemia representing 7% of all cases. These cases were considered to represent a new episode, since they were characterized by either a temporal distance of ≥ 3 weeks (n = 2) or by different species causing the infection (n = 2). For the Candida culture-negative cohort (n = 44), we included all patients from the period of 2015 to 2017 meeting the following criteria: (1) cultureconfirmed bacteremia caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli; (2) availability of corresponding sera sampled up to 6 days before positive BC. The subgroup of critically ill patients was defined by stay in an intensive care unit. The subgroup of transplant recipients included known recipients of solid organ or bone marrow transplants. |
| Cohort No. | 120 Patients + 44 Control |
| Age Group | None |
| P Value | None |
| Sensitivity | 0.54 |
| Specificity | None |
| Positive Predictive Value | None |
| MIC | None |
| Fold Change | None |
| Pathway | None |
| Disease Introduction Mechanism | Increasing incidence of candidemia and in particular of nosocomial bloodstream infections has been observed over the recent years. Candidemia is a life-threatening condition associated with a high attributable mortality. Since the outcome depends on early and targeted treatment (“hit hard and early”), prompt diagnosis is essential. Cultivation from blood samples remains the reference method for the detection of candidemia. Compared to bacterial pathogens, blood culture (BC) for Candida spp. typically suffer from a lower sensitivity (approx. 50%) and longer time to positivity (TTP). Serologic tests for invasive fungal diseases allow for a short turnaround time. |
| Technique | ELISA |
| Analysis Method | ELISA Based |
| ELISA kits | Indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) ELISA Kit (Hemkit Candida IHA, Ravo Diagnostika, Freiburg, Germany). Serion ELISA antigen Candida-kit (Institut Virion\Serion, Würzburg, Germany). Wako BDG assay ELISA Kit (FUJIFILM Wako Chemicals Europe, Neuss, Germany). |
| Assay Data | None |
| Validation Techniques used | ELISA |
| Up Regulation Down Regulation | Increase |
| Sequence Data | None |
| External Link | None |
